ASTM D6866-06
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods do not address environmental impact, product performance and functionality, determination of geographical origin, or assignment of required amounts of biobased carbon necessary for compliance with federal laws.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to any product containing carbon-based components that can be combusted in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) gas.
1.3 These test methods make no attempt to teach the basic principles of the instrumentation used although minimum requirements for instrument selection are referenced in the References section. However, the preparation of samples for the above test methods is described. No details of instrument operation are included here. These are best obtained from the manufacturer of the specific instrument in use.
1.4 Currently, there are no ISO test methods that are equivalent to the test methods outlined in this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D6866–06
Standard Test Methods for
Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range
Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass
1
Spectrometry Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6866; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* informationregardingthepracticeoftheartofisotopeanalysis
and to facilitate performance of these test methods.
1.1 These test methods do not address environmental im-
3.2 Terminology D883D883 should be referenced for ter-
pact, product performance and functionality, determination of
minology relating to plastics.Although an attempt to list terms
geographical origin, or assignment of required amounts of
in a logical manner (alphabetically) will be made as some
biobased carbon necessary for compliance with federal laws.
terms require definition of other terms to make sense.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to any product con-
3.3 Definitions:
tainingcarbon-basedcomponentsthatcanbecombustedinthe
3.3.1 dpm—disintegrations per minute. This is the quantity
presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO ) gas.
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of radioactivity. The measure dpm is derived from cpm or
1.3 These test methods make no attempt to teach the basic
counts per minute (dpm = cpm − bkgd / counting efficiency).
principles of the instrumentation used although minimum
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There are 2.2 by 10 dpm / uCi (13,16).
requirements for instrument selection are referenced in the
3.3.2 dps—disintegrationspersecond(ratherthanminuteas
References section. However, the preparation of samples for
above) (13,16).
the above test methods is described. No details of instrument
3.3.3 scintillation—the sum of all photons produced by a
operation are included here. These are best obtained from the
radioactive decay event. Counters used to measure this as
manufacturer of the specific instrument in use.
described in these test methods are Liquid Scintillation Coun-
1.4 Currently, there are no ISO test methods that are
ters (LSC) Bq (13,16).
equivalent to the test methods outlined in this standard.
3.3.4 specific activity (SA)—refers to the quantity of radio-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
activity per mass unit of product, that is, dpmh% (13,16).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.3.5 automated effıciency control (AEC)—a method used
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
by scintillation counters to compensate for the effect of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
quenching on the sample spectrum (13).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3.6 AMS facility—a facility performingAccelerator Mass
2. Referenced Documents
Spectrometry.
2
3.3.7 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)—an ultra-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sensitive technique for measuring naturally occurring radio
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
nuclides, in which sample atoms are ionized, accelerated to
3. Terminology
high energies, separated on basis of momentum, charge, and
mass,andindividuallycountedinFaradaycollectors.Thishigh
3.1 The definitions of terms used in these test methods are
energyseparationisextremelyeffectiveinfilteringoutisobaric
referenced in order that the practitioner may require further
interferences, such that AMS may be used to measure accu-
14 15
ratelythe Cabundancetoalevelof1in10 .Attheselevels,
uncertainties are based on counting statistics through the
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Poisson distribution (7,8).
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmen-
3.3.8 background radiation—the radiation in the natural
tally Degradable Plastics and Biobased Products.
Current edition approved May 15, 2006. Published June 2006. Originally environment; including cosmic radiation and radionuclides
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6866-05.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
the ASTM website. this standard.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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