ASTM F844-19

Standard Specification for Washers, Steel, Plain (Flat), Unhardened for General Use

ABSTRACT
This specification covers round and miscellaneous shape steel plain (flat) washers furnished in an unhardened condition. The washers are intended for general use bolt, nut, and stud applications to provide increased bearing surface, spacing, and to prevent galling. The washers shall be punched from hot-rolled, hot-rolled and pickled, or cold-rolled steel; or shall be machined from bar stock or tubing; or shall be forged. The washers shall also be tumbled, vibrated, or otherwise processed to minimize burrs. These washers may be zinc-coated, hot-dip-coated, cadmium-plated, or zinc-plated by using hot dipping, mechanical deposition, and electroplating processes. Chemical analysis may be conducted in order to determine the composition of washers and a hardness test may also be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers round and miscellaneous shape steel plain (flat) washers furnished in an unhardened condition.  
1.2 These washers are intended for general use bolt, nut, and stud applications to provide increased bearing surface, spacing, and to prevent galling.  
1.3 Unless otherwise specified, washers are furnished with dimensions conforming to B18.21.1, Type A, Table 11.  
1.4 Hardened washers for use with heat-treated structural bolts are covered by Specifications F436/F436M.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2019
• ICS: 21.060.30 - Washers, locking elements
• Technical Committee: F16 - Fasteners
• Drafting Committee: F16.06 - Steel Washers and Rivets

Relations

• Refers: ASTM F1470-24 - Standard Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM F2329/F2329M-15(2023) - Standard Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM A568/A568M-19a - Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2019
• Refers: ASTM F436/F436M-18a - Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Refers: ASTM F436/F436M-18 - Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Refers: ASTM F1470-18 - Standard Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2018
• Refers: ASTM A568/A568M-17a - Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2017
• Refers: ASTM A568/A568M-17 - Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017
• Refers: ASTM F1941/F1941M-16 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings on Mechanical Fasteners, Inch and Metric
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2016
• Refers: ASTM F606/F606M-16 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Refers: ASTM F436/F436M-16 - Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Refers: ASTM A568/A568M-15 - Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Refers: ASTM A29/A29M-15 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Refers: ASTM F1941/F1941M-15 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings on Mechanical Fasteners, Inch and Metric
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM F606/F606M-14a - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014

Overview

ASTM F844-19: Standard Specification for Washers, Steel, Plain (Flat), Unhardened for General Use establishes the requirements for round and miscellaneous shaped steel plain (flat) washers in an unhardened condition. These washers are intended for general use with bolts, nuts, and studs to provide increased bearing surface, proper spacing, and to prevent galling in mechanical assemblies. The standard is widely recognized in industries where reliable fastener hardware is necessary and is approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

This specification covers washers punched from hot-rolled, hot-rolled and pickled, or cold-rolled steel, as well as washers machined from bar stock or tubing, or forged. The document outlines specifications for material, manufacture, dimensions, finishes, and packaging, ensuring quality and consistency in fastener applications.

Key Topics

• Material & Manufacturing

  • Washers are produced from various forms of steel including hot-rolled, cold-rolled, or forged steel.
  • Different manufacturing methods, such as punching, machining, and forging, are allowed.
  • Processed to minimize burrs by tumbling or vibrating.

• Dimensions

  • Unless otherwise specified, washer dimensions conform to ASME B18.21.1, Type A, Table 11.
  • Standard covers both round and miscellaneous shapes.

• Finishes & Coatings

  • Can be supplied plain (with oil to minimize rust) or with protective coatings like zinc (hot-dip, mechanical deposition, or electroplating), cadmium plating, or phosphate coating.
  • Specific coating processes and standards are referenced, such as ASTM F2329 for hot-dip galvanizing and ASTM F1941/F1941M for electroplated coatings.

• Chemical and Mechanical Properties

  • Chemical analysis may be required when specified, referencing ASTM A751 and other applicable standards.
  • Washers are typically supplied unhardened; hardness requirements apply only if specified.

• Workmanship and Appearance

  • Washers must be free from burrs, sharp edges, and other imperfections, ensuring safety and assembly quality.

• Packaging and Marking

  • Standardized packaging per ASTM D3951 unless otherwise stated.
  • Packaging must be clearly marked with ASTM designation, size, manufacturer information, quantity, purchase order, and country of origin.

Applications

ASTM F844-19 washers are essential components in a wide range of mechanical, structural, and industrial assemblies, especially where reliable and consistent fastener hardware is required. Key application areas include:

• General Construction: Used with bolts, nuts, and studs to distribute loads, prevent damage to assembly surfaces, and avoid galling.
• Machinery & Equipment: Compatible with a variety of machines needing spacing and surface protection for threaded fasteners.
• Maintenance and Repair Operations (MRO): Useful for replacement and repair projects involving standard fastener hardware.
• Electrical and Utility Installations: Provide stable and secure connections for mounting and bracket assemblies.

These washers are not intended for use in applications requiring hardened steel washers, such as those involving heat-treated structural bolts, which are covered separately under ASTM F436/F436M.

Related Standards

• ASME B18.21.1: Helical Spring-Lock, Tooth Lock, and Plain Washers
• ASTM F436/F436M: Hardened Steel Washers for use with heat-treated structural bolts
• ASTM F1941/F1941M: Electrodeposited Coatings on Mechanical Fasteners
• ASTM F2329/F2329M: Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, for Fasteners
• ASTM A751: Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• ASTM D3951: Practice for Commercial Packaging

By following ASTM F844-19, manufacturers, suppliers, and end-users ensure quality, interchangeability, and performance for steel plain washers in general use applications, supporting consistency and reliability throughout the supply chain.

Keywords: ASTM F844-19, plain steel washers, flat washers, unhardened washers, general use washers, fastener hardware, industrial washers, bolt and nut washers, zinc-coated washers, standard specification washers.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F844 −19
Standard Specification for
Washers, Steel, Plain (Flat), Unhardened for General Use
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF844;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* F436/F436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch
and Metric Dimensions
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversroundandmiscellaneousshape
F606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical
steel plain (flat) washers furnished in an unhardened condition.
Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded
1.2 Thesewashersareintendedforgeneralusebolt,nut,and
Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
stud applications to provide increased bearing surface, spacing,
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
and to prevent galling.
chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
F1941/F1941M Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings
1.3 Unless otherwise specified, washers are furnished with
dimensions conforming to B18.21.1, Type A, Table 11. on Mechanical Fasteners, Inch and Metric
F2329/F2329M Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip,
1.4 Hardened washers for use with heat-treated structural
Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel
bolts are covered by Specifications F436/F436M.
Bolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Fasteners
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2.2 ASME Standards:
standard.
B18.21.1 Washers: Helical Spring-Lock, Tooth Lock, and
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- Plain Washers (Inch Series)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- B18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the dard for B18 Fastener Products
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 2.3 Military Specification:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical DOD-P-16232 Phosphate Coating for Ferrous Metals
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 2.4 Federal Specification:
QQ-P-416 Plating, Cadmium (Electrodeposited)
2. Referenced Documents
3. Ordering Information
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 Orders for washers under this specification shall in-
A29/A29M SpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
clude:
Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of same item and size).
A568/A568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon,
3.1.2 Name of item (steel plain washers).
Structural,andHigh-Strength,Low-Alloy,Hot-Rolledand
3.1.3 Size (Nominal inside diameter and thickness. Include
Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for
outside diameter, when required).
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of
Steel Products
3.2 The following requirements are optional and may be
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-
specified when required:
posited on Iron and Steel 3.2.1 Dimensions if other than B18.21.1, Type A.
3.2.2 Finish if other than oiled (see 4.3 through 4.3.6).
3.2.3 Chemical composition, if required (see 5.1.2).
3.2.4 Hardness, if required (see 6.2).
This specification is under the jurisdiction of Committee F16 on Fasteners and
3.2.5 Test Reports, if required (see Section 12).
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.06 on Steel Washers and Rivets.
Current edition approved . Published December 2020. Originally approved in 1983.
Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F844 – 07a(2013). DOI: 10.1520/F0844-
19. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM www.asme.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue,
the ASTM website. Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil/
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F844 − 19
3.2.6 Marking, if required (see 14.1). 5.1.1 Washers shall be steel, and unless otherwise specified,
3.2.7 For establishment of a part identifying system, see shall have no specified chemical composition requirements.
ASME B18.24. 5.1.2 When required, the purchaser shall provide specific
chemical compositions in the inquiry and purchase order, and
when so provided, washers shall conform to such composi-
4. Materials and Manufacture
tions.
4.1 Material—Washers shall be punched from hot-rolled,
5.2 Manufacturer’s Analysis—When specific chemical re-
hot-rolled and pickled, or cold-rolled steel; or shall be ma-
quirements have been specified and test reports are required,
chined from bar stock or tubing; or shall be forged at the
the manufacturer shall make individual analyses of randomly
manufacturer’s option.
selected washers from the product to be shipped and report the
4.2 Burr Removal—Washers shall be tumbled, vibrated, or
results to the purchaser. In addition, if heat and lot identities
otherwise processed to minimize burrs.
have been maintained, the analysis of the raw material from
4.3 Protective Finishes:
whichthefastenershavebeenmanufacturedshall,attheoption
4.3.1 Unprotected Washers—Unless otherwise specified,
of the manufacturer, be reported instead of product analysis.
washersshallbefurnishedplain,withnoprotectivefinishother
5.3 Product Analysis—When specific chemical require-
than oil to minimize rusting.
ments have been specified, the purchaser reserves the right to
4.3.2 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited:
conductproductanalysesonthefinishedwashersorrequestthe
4.3.2.1 When zinc-coated washers are required, the pur-
manufacturer to conduct product analyses. The chemical com-
chasershallspecifythezinc-coatingprocess,suchas“hotdip,”
positionthusdeterminedshallconformtothespecifiedrequire-
“mechanically deposited,” or “no preference.” When “no
mentssubjecttothestandardpermissiblevariationsforproduct
preference” is specified, the supplier shall furnish washers with
analysis in Specification A568/A568M for washers punched
either finish as described in 4.3.2.2 or 4.3.2.3.
from sheet; and Specification A29/A29M for washers ma-
4.3.2.2 When “hot-dip” is specified, the washers shall be
chined from bar and tubing, or forged.
zinc-coatedbyhotdippinginaccordancewiththerequirements
of Specification F2329/F2329M.
6. Mechanical Properties
4.3.2.3 When “mechanically deposited” is specified, the
6.1 Unless otherwise specified, the washers are not fur-
washers shall be zinc-coated by mechanical deposition in
nished to mechanical requirements.
accordance with the requirements of Class 55 of Specification
B695. 6.2 When required and specified, the washers shall conform
4.3.3 Cadmium Plating—Cadmium plated washers shall be to the specified hardness.
cadmium plated by electrodeposition and yellow chromate
7. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
treated in accordance with Federal Specification QQ-P-416,
Type II, Class 3.
7.1 Standard Dimensions—Unless otherwise specified,
4.3.4 Zinc Plating, Electroplated and Mechanically Depos-
washerdimensionsshallbeinaccordancewithB18.21.1,Type,
ited:
A Table 11. Whe
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F844 − 07a (Reapproved 2013) F844 − 19
Standard Specification for
Washers, Steel, Plain (Flat), Unhardened for General Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F844; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.This standard has been approved for use
by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers round and miscellaneous shape steel plain (flat) washers furnished in an unhardened condition.
1.2 TheThese washers are intended for general use bolt, nut, and stud applications to provide increased bearing surface, spacing,
and to prevent galling.
1.3 Unless otherwise specified, the washers are furnished with dimensions conforming to B18.22.1,B18.21.1, Type A, Tables 1A
and Tables 1B.Table 11.
1.4 Hardened washers for use with heat-treated structural bolts are covered by Specifications F436F436/F436M and F436M.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
A568/A568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled,
General Requirements for
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
F436F436/F436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
F436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers (Metric)
This specification is under the jurisdiction of Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets and
Washers. Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013Dec. 1, 2019. Published January 2014December 2020. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in
20072013 as F844 – 07a.F844 – 07a(2013). DOI: 10.1520/F0844-07AR13.10.1520/F0844-19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F844 − 19
F606F606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection
F1941/F1941M Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings on Mechanical Fasteners, Inch and Metric
F2329F2329/F2329M Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,
Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners
2.2 ASME Standards:
B18.22.1B18.21.1 Plain WashersWashers: Helical Spring-Lock, Tooth Lock, and Plain Washers (Inch Series)
B18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Standard for B18 Fastener Products
2.3 Military Specification:
DOD-P-16232 Phosphate Coating for Ferrous Metals
2.4 Federal Specification:
QQ-P-416 Plating, Cadmium (Electrodeposited)
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for washers under this specification shall include:
3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of same item and size).
3.1.2 Name of item (steel plain washers).
3.1.3 Size (Nominal inside diameter and thickness. Include outside diameter, when required).
3.2 The following requirements are optional and may be specified when required:
3.2.1 Dimensions if other than B18.22.1,B18.21.1, Type A.
3.2.2 Finish if other than oiled (see 4.3 through 4.3.6).
3.2.3 Chemical composition, if required (see 5.1.2).
3.2.4 Hardness, if required (see 6.2).
3.2.5 Shipment lot Testing, if required (see 9.2).
3.2.5 Test Reports, if required (see Section 12).
3.2.6 Marking, if required (see 14.1).
3.2.7 For establishment of a part identifying system, see ASME B18.24.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Material—The washers Washers shall be punched from hot-rolled, hot-rolled and pickled, or cold-rolled steel; or shall be
machined from bar stock or tubing; or shall be forged at the manufacturer’s option.
4.2 Burr Removal—The washers Washers shall be tumbled, vibrated, or otherwise processed to minimize burrs.
4.3 Protective Finishes:
4.3.1 Unprotected Washers—Unless otherwise specified, the washer washers shall be furnished plain, with no protective finish
other than oil to minimize rusting.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil/
F844 − 19
4.3.2 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited:
4.3.2.1 When zinc-coated washers are required, the purchaser shall specify the zinc-coating process, such as “hot dip,”
“mechanically deposited,” or “no preference.” When “no preference” is specified, the supplier shall furnish washers with either
finish as described in 4.3.2.2 or 4.3.2.3.
4.3.2.2 When “hot-dip” is specified, the washers shall be zinc-coated by hot dipping in accordance with the requirements of
Specification F2329F2329/F2329M.
4.3.2.3 When “mechanically deposited” is specified, the washers shall be zinc-coated by mechanical deposition in accordance with
the requirements of Class 55 of Specification B695.
4.3.2.4 When “no preference” is specified, the supplier shall furnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance with Specification
F2329, or a mechanically deposited zinc coating in accordance with Specification B695, Class 55.
4.3.3 Cadmium Plating—Cadmium plated washers shall be cadmium plated by electrodeposition and yellow chromate treated in
accordance with Federal Specification QQ-P-416, Type II, Class 3.
4.3.4 Zinc Plating, Electroplated and Mechanically Deposited:
4.3.4.1 When zinc plated washers are required, the purchaser shall specify the zinc plating process such as “electroplating” or
“mechanical plating” or “no preference”. When “no preference” is specified, the supplier shall furnish washers with either finish
as described in 4.3.4.2 or 4.3.4.3.
4.3.4.2 When “electroplating” is specified, the washerwashers shall be zinc plated by electrodeposition in accordance with
Specification B633F1941/F1941M, Class Fe/Zn 5, Type IIFe/Zn 5A or 5AN, unless otherwise specified. See Specification
B633F1941/F1941M for other thickness classes and finish types.
4.3.4.3 When “mechanical plating” is specified, the washerwashers shall be zinc plated by mechanical deposition in accordance
with Specification B695, Class 5, Type IIFe/Zn 5A or 5AN, unless otherwise specified. See Specification B695 for other thickness
classes and finish types.
4.3.4.4 When “no preference” is specified, the supplier, at his option, shall furnish either an electroplated finish in accordance with
Specification B633, Class Fe/Zn 5, Type II, or a mechanically plated finish in accordance with Specification B695, Class 5, Type
II.
4.3.5 Phosphate Coating—Phosphate coated washers shall be coated in accordance with Military Specification DOD-P-16232,
Type Z, Class 2.
4.3.6 Other Coatings—Other protective coatings shall be as specified by the purchaser.purchaser in the inquiry and purchase order.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 Composition Limits:
5.1.1 The washers Washers shall be steel, and unless otherwise specified, shall have no specified chemical composition
requirements.
5.1.2 When required, the washers shall be specified to conform to specific chemical requirements. purchaser shall provide specific
chemical compositions in the inquiry and purchase order, and when so provided, washers shall conform to such compositions.
5.2 Manufacturer’s Analysis—When specific chemical requirements have been sp
...