ASTM C294-04
(Terminology)Standard Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
Standard Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
SCOPE
1.1 This descriptive nomenclature provides brief descriptions of some of the more commonly occurring, or more important, natural and artificial materials of which mineral aggregates are composed. The descriptions provide a basis for understanding these terms as applied to concrete aggregates. When appropriate, brief observations regarding the potential effects of using the natural and artificial materials in concrete are discussed. Note 1These descriptions characterize minerals and rocks as they occur in nature and blast-furnace slag or lightweight aggregates that are prepared by the alteration of the structure and composition of natural material. Information about lightweight aggregates are given in Specifications C 330, C 331, and C 332.
1.2 This standard does not include descriptions of constituents of aggregates used in radiation shielding concrete. See ASTM C 638.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C294–04
Standard Descriptive Nomenclature for
1
Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 294; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This descriptive nomenclature provides brief descrip- 3.1 This descriptive nomenclature provides information on
tions of some of the more commonly occurring, or more terms commonly applied to concrete aggregates. This standard
important, natural and artificial materials of which mineral is intended to assist in understanding the meaning and signifi-
aggregates are composed. The descriptions provide a basis for cance of the terms.
understanding these terms as applied to concrete aggregates. 3.2 Many of the materials described frequently occur in
When appropriate, brief observations regarding the potential particles that do not display all the characteristics given in the
effects of using the natural and artificial materials in concrete descriptions, and most of the described rocks grade from
are discussed. varieties meeting one description to varieties meeting another
with all intermediate stages being found.
NOTE 1—These descriptions characterize minerals and rocks as they
3.3 The accurate identification of rocks and minerals can, in
occur in nature and blast-furnace slag or lightweight aggregates that are
many cases, be made only by a qualified geologist, mineralo-
prepared by the alteration of the structure and composition of natural
material. Information about lightweight aggregates are given in Specifi- gist, or petrographer using the apparatus and procedures of
cations C 330, C 331, and C 332.
these sciences. Reference to these descriptions may, however,
serve to indicate or prevent gross errors in identification.
1.2 This standard does not include descriptions of constitu-
Identification of the constituent materials in an aggregate may
ents of aggregates used in radiation shielding concrete. See
assist in characterizing its engineering properties, but identifi-
ASTM C 638.
cation alone cannot provide the sole basis for predicting
2. Referenced Documents
behavior of aggregates in service. Aggregates of any type or
combination of types may perform well or poorly in service
2.1 ASTM Standards:
depending upon the exposure to which the concrete is sub-
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
2
jected, the physical and chemical properties of the matrix in
Aggregates
which they are embedded, their physical condition at the time
C 227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Ce-
2
they are used, and other factors. Constituents that may occur
ment & Aggregate Combinations (Mortar Bar Method)
only in minor amounts in the aggregate may or may not
C 289 Test Method for Potential Reactivity of Aggregates
2
decisively influence its performance. Information about con-
(Chemical Method)
crete aggregate performance in concrete has been published by
C 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-
3
2
ASTM.
tural Concrete
C 331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Con-
CONSTITUENTS OF NATURAL MINERAL
2
crete Masonry Units
AGGREGATES
C 332 Specification for LightweightAggregates for Insulat-
2
ing Concrete
4. Classes and Types
C 638 Constituents of Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding
4.1 The materials found as constituents of natural mineral
2
Concrete
aggregates are minerals and rocks.
4.2 Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances of
1
more or less definite chemical composition and usually of a
This descriptive nomenclature is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of
specific crystalline structure. Most rocks are composed of
Subcommittee C09.65 on Petrography.
several minerals but some are composed of only one mineral.
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originally
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C 294 – 98.
This standard has been extensively revised. The reader should compare this
3
edition with the last previous edition for exact revisions. Klieger, P., and Lamond, J. F., editors, Significance of Tests and Properties of
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials, ASTM STP 169C, 1994.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C294–04
Certain examples of the rock qua
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.