ASTM C294-05
(Terminology)Standard Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
Standard Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
SCOPE
1.1 This descriptive nomenclature provides brief descriptions of some of the more commonly occurring, or more important, natural and artificial materials of which mineral aggregates are composed. The descriptions provide a basis for understanding these terms as applied to concrete aggregates. When appropriate, brief observations regarding the potential effects of using the natural and artificial materials in concrete are discussed. Note 1These descriptions characterize minerals and rocks as they occur in nature and blast-furnace slag or lightweight aggregates that are prepared by the alteration of the structure and composition of natural material. Information about lightweight aggregates are given in Specifications C 330, C 331, and C 332.
1.2 This standard does not include descriptions of constituents of aggregates used in radiation shielding concrete. See Descriptive Nonmenclature C 638.
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Designation:C294–05
Standard Descriptive Nomenclature for
1
Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C294; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope gates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete
1.1 This descriptive nomenclature provides brief descrip-
3. Significance and Use
tions of some of the more commonly occurring, or more
3.1 This descriptive nomenclature provides information on
important, natural and artificial materials of which mineral
terms commonly applied to concrete aggregates. This standard
aggregates are composed. The descriptions provide a basis for
is intended to assist in understanding the meaning and signifi-
understanding these terms as applied to concrete aggregates.
cance of the terms.
When appropriate, brief observations regarding the potential
3.2 Many of the materials described frequently occur in
effects of using the natural and artificial materials in concrete
particles that do not display all the characteristics given in the
are discussed.
descriptions, and most of the described rocks grade from
NOTE 1—These descriptions characterize minerals and rocks as they
varieties meeting one description to varieties meeting another
occur in nature and blast-furnace slag or lightweight aggregates that are
with all intermediate stages being found.
prepared by the alteration of the structure and composition of natural
3.3 The accurate identification of rocks and minerals can, in
material. Information about lightweight aggregates are given in Specifi-
many cases, be made only by a qualified geologist, mineralo-
cations C330, C331, and C332.
gist, or petrographer using the apparatus and procedures of
1.2 This standard does not include descriptions of constitu-
these sciences. Reference to these descriptions may, however,
ents of aggregates used in radiation shielding concrete. See
serve to indicate or prevent gross errors in identification.
Descriptive Nonmenclature C638.
Identification of the constituent materials in an aggregate may
assist in characterizing its engineering properties, but identifi-
2. Referenced Documents
cation alone cannot provide the sole basis for predicting
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
behavior of aggregates in service. Aggregates of any type or
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
combination of types may perform well or poorly in service
gregates
depending upon the exposure to which the concrete is sub-
C227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of
jected, the physical and chemical properties of the matrix in
Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
which they are embedded, their physical condition at the time
C289 Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of
they are used, and other factors. Constituents that may occur
Aggregates (Chemical Method)
only in minor amounts in the aggregate may or may not
C330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-
decisively influence its performance. Information about con-
tural Concrete
crete aggregate performance in concrete has been published by
C331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Con-
3
ASTM.
crete Masonry Units
C332 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Insulat-
CONSTITUENTS OF NATURAL MINERAL
ing Concrete
AGGREGATES
C638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggre-
4. Classes and Types
4.1 The materials found as constituents of natural mineral
1
This descriptive nomenclature is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
aggregates are minerals and rocks.
C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of
4.2 Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances of
Subcommittee C09.65 on Petrography.
more or less definite chemical composition and usually of a
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originally
specific crystalline structure. The physical nature of the rock-
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C294 – 04. DOI:
10.1520/C0294-05.
forming minerals and aspects of crystal chemistry determine
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Klieger, P., and Lamond, J. F., editors, Significance of Tests and Properties of
the ASTM website. Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials, ASTM STP 169C, 1994.
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