ASTM D5266-99(2005)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
Standard Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Wood failure is one of the principal means for determining the quality of an adhesively bonded wood joint.
When evaluated after a water soaking, water soaking and drying, or boiling and drying, the percentage of wood failure is an important criterion for qualifying adhesives for use in plywood and glued laminated structural timber for exterior use, and for daily quality control of the processes for manufacturing plywood and glued, laminated timbers. Standards that use the percentage of wood failure are included in Section 2.
In plywood manufactured from North American softwood species, the percentage of wood failure of Test Method D 906 specimens, tested wet after either a vacuum-pressure soak-dry or boil-dry treatment, correlates with the percentage of panels that delaminate in outdoor exposure without protection.8
Similar correlations for other products have not been published.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides procedures for estimating the percentage of wood failure that occurs in plywood-shear, block-shear, finger joint test specimens, or any other bondline involving wood.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D5266 − 99 (Reapproved2005)
Standard Practice for
Estimating the Percentage of Wood Failure in Adhesive
Bonded Joints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5266; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 American National Standards:
ANSI/HPMA HP American National Standard for Hard-
1.1 This practice provides procedures for estimating the
wood and Decorative Plywood
percentage of wood failure that occurs in plywood-shear,
ANSI/AITC A190.1American National Standard for Wood
block-shear, finger joint test specimens, or any other bondline
Products—Structural Glued, Laminated Timber
involving wood.
2.3 Other Standards:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
American Plywood Association Proposed Standard Method
standard. The values in parentheses are provided for informa-
for Estimating Percentage Wood Failure on Plywood
tion only. 5
Shear Specimens
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the PS 1U.S. Product Standard for Construction and Industrial
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Plywood
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material, Agri-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
culturalHandbookNo.72,ForestService,ForestProducts
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Laboratory (1987)
Inspection Bureau Memorandum No. 1Interpretation of
2. Referenced Documents
Wood Failure
2.4 ASTM Adjunct:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
PhotographsforVisuallyEstimatingthePercentageofWood
D905Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
Failure in Standard Adhesively Bonded Specimens
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
D906Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in
3. Terminology
Plywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
3.1 Definitions:
D2559Specification for Adhesives for Bonded Structural
3.1.1 deep wood failure, n—failurethatisinvariablyseveral
Wood Products for Use Under Exterior Exposure Condi-
to many cells away from the adhesive layer, in which the
tions
fracture path is strongly influenced by the grain angle and
D4688Test Method for Evaluating StructuralAdhesives for
growth–ring structure.
Finger Jointing Lumber
D5572Specification forAdhesives Used for Finger Joints in 3.1.2 shallow wood failure, n—failure that is invariably
Nonstructural Lumber Products within the first one or two layers of cells beyond the adhesive
D5751SpecificationforAdhesivesUsedforLaminateJoints layer in which the fracture path is not influenced by the
in Nonstructural Lumber Products wood–grain angle or growth-ring structure (see 7.7 and 8.1).
Available from Hardwood Plywood Manufacturers’Association, 1825 Michael
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives Faraday Drive, P.O. Box 2789, Reston, VA 22090-2789.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood Adhesives. Available from American Institute for Timber Construction, 11818 S. E. Mill
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally Plain Blvd., Suite 415, Vancouver, WA 98684-5092.
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D5266–99. DOI: Available fromAmerican PlywoodAssociation, P.O. Box 11700, Tacoma, WA
10.1520/D5266-99R05. 98411-0700.
2 6
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD5266.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5266 − 99 (2005)
3.1.3 wood failure, n—the rupturing of wood fibers in
strength tests on bonded specimens, usually expressed as the
percentageofthetotalareainvolvedwhichshowssuchfailure.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Wood failure is one of the principal means for deter-
mining the quality of an adhesively bonded wood joint.
4.2 When evaluated after a water soaking, water soaking
and drying, or boiling and drying, the percentage of wood
failureisanimportantcriterionforqualifyingadhesivesforuse
in plywood and glued laminated structural timber for exterior
use, and for daily quality control of the processes for manu-
facturingplywoodandglued,laminatedtimbers.Standardsthat
use the percentage of wood failure are included in Section 2.
4.3 In plywood manufactured from North American soft-
wood species, the percentage of wood failure of Test Method
D906 specimens, tested wet after either a vacuum-pressure
soak-dry or boil-dry treatment, correlates with the percentage
of panels that delaminate in outdoor exposure without protec-
tion.
4.4 Similar correlations for other products have not been
published.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Variouslightsourceshavebeenfoundusefulinestimat-
ing wood failure. In determining compliance to standard
specifications, the source must be agreed upon by the user of
this practice and the individual or agency requiring these tests.
5.1.1 Dual-Element Fluorescent Desk Lamp equipped with
one 15 W daylight and one 15 W cool white tube.
NOTE 1—In this case, a standard D905 shear block is shown.
NOTE 1—This source is used by theAmerican PlywoodAssociation for
FIG. 1 Example of Plastic Template Scribed with Lines and
compliance to the commercial standard PS 1.
Shapes Representing Known Percentages of Given Area
5.1.2 Circular Fluorescent Desk Lamp with 5× viewing
magnifier in the center of the lamp.
5.1.3 Diffuse Natural Light from a window facing away in the bond area, even if they are permitted within the grade of
lumber or veneer being tested. Specimens with defects in the
from the sun.
grip area may or may not be tested at the discretion of the user
5.2 Ruler, with 2.54 mm (0.1-in.) divisions is recommended
or in accordance with the policy of the testing organization.
as an aid to estimating the area of torn wood fibers. A
transparent template, the size of the specimen bond area and 6.3 Specimens with manufacturing defects, such as wiped
scribed with various shapes and areas with known percentages bondline, chips, core gaps, and laps, may also be discarded by
of the total area, is also useful for subdividing the area. An agreement between the interested parties.
example of such a template is shown in Fig. 1.
6.4 If the specimens were tested wet, dry the failed surfaces
5.3 Low-Power Magnifying Glass,of3to5×,withafieldof in an air-circulating oven at 71°C (160°F), or under equivalent
view able to encompass most of the failed surface, may be conditions, before estimating the percentage of wood failure.
useful for inspecting areas where shallow
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