ASTM E1025-98

Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology

SCOPE
1.1 This practice  covers the design, material grouping classification, and manufacture of hole-type image quality indicators (IQI) used to indicate the quality of radiologic images.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to X-ray and gamma-ray radiology.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-1998
• ICS: 19.100 - Non-destructive testing
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.01 - Radiology (X and Gamma) Method

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E1025-05 - Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E1742/E1742M-18 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E2533-21 - Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Polymer Matrix Composites Used in Aerospace Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E2662-15(2022) - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Flat Panel Composites and Sandwich Core Materials Used in Aerospace Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E1032-19 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Weldments Using Industrial X-Ray Film
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1998
• Referred By: ASTM F629-20 - Standard Practice for Radiography of Cast Metallic Surgical Implants
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E1817-08(2022) - Standard Practice for Controlling Quality of Radiological Examination by Using Representative Quality Indicators (RQIs)
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E1416-23 - Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Weldments
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E1734-23 - Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Castings
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E1030/E1030M-21 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E2737-23 - Standard Practice for Digital Detector Array Performance Evaluation and Long-Term Stability
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E543-21 - Standard Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E2698-18e1 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination Using Digital Detector Arrays
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E2033-17 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination Using Computed Radiography (Photostimulable Luminescence Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E1647-16(2022) - Standard Practice for Determining Contrast Sensitivity in Radiology
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1998

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 1025 – 98
Standard Practice for
Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification
of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for
Radiology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1025; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice covers the design, material grouping 3.1 Definitions—Thedefinitionsoftermsrelatingtogamma
classification, and manufacture of hole-type image quality andx-radiologyinTerminologyE1316,SectionD,shallapply
indicators (IQI) used to indicate the quality of radiologic to the terms used in this practice.
images.
4. Hole-Type IQI Requirements
1.2 This practice is applicable to X-ray and gamma-ray
4.1 Image quality indicators (IQIs) used to determine
radiology.
1.3 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded radiologic-image quality levels shall conform to the following
requirements.
as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.1.1 Standard Hole-Type IQIs:
4.1.1.1 Image quality indicators (IQIs) shall be fabricated
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- from materials or alloys identified or listed in accordance with
7.3. Other materials may be used in accordance with 7.4.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.1.1.2 Image quality indicators (IQIs) shall dimensionally
conform to the requirements of Fig. 1.
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.1.3 Both the rectangular and the circular IQI shall be
2.1 ASTM Standards: identified with number(s) made of lead or a material of similar
B139 Specification for Phosphor Bronze Rod, Bar, and radiation opacity. The number shall be bonded to the rectan-
Shapes gular IQI’s and shall be placed adjacent to circular IQI’s to
B150 Specification for Aluminum Bronze Rod, Bar, and provide identification of the IQI on the image. The identifica-
Shapes tion numbers shall indicate the thickness of the IQI in
B161 Specification for Nickel Seamless Pipe and Tube thousandths of an inch, that is, a number 10 IQI is 0.010 in.
B164 Specification for Nickel-CopperAlloy Rod, Bar, and thick, a number 100 IQI is 0.100 in. thick, etc. Additional
Wire identification requirements are provided in 7.2.
B 166 Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys 4.1.1.4 Alloy-group identification shall be in accordance
(UNS N06600, N06601, and N06690) and Nickel- with Fig. 2. Rectangular IQI’s shall be notched. Image quality
Chromium-Cobalt-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06617) indicators (IQI’s) shall be vibrotooled or etched as specified.
Rod, Bar, and Wire 4.1.2 Modified Hole-Type IQI:
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations 4.1.2.1 The rectangular IQI may be modified in length and
width as necessary for special applications, provided the hole
size(s) and IQI thickness conform to Fig. 1.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-7 on Nonde-
4.1.2.2 The IQI’s shall be identified as specified in 4.1.1.3,
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on
except that the identification numbers may be placed adjacent
Radiographic Practice and Penetrameters.
to the IQI if placement on the IQI is impractical.
Current edition approved July 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally
published as E1025–84. Last previous edition E1025–95.
4.1.2.3 When modified IQI’s are used, details of the modi-
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Practice
fication shall be documented in the records accompanying the
SE-1025 in Section II of that Code.
examination results.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1025–98
NOTE 1—All dimensions in inches (Note 6).
NOTE 2—Tolerances for IQI thickness and hole diameter.
NOTE 3—XX identification number equals T in .001 inches.
NOTE 4—IQIs No. 1 through 9 are not 1T,2T, and 4T.
NOTE 5—Holes shall be true and normal to the IQI. Do not chamfer.
NOTE 6—To convert inch dimensions to metric, multiply by 25.4.
Identification
Number T Tolerances
(Note 3) A B C D E F (Note 2)
1–4 1.500 0.750 0.438 0.250 0.500 0.250 610%
60.015 60.015 60.015 60.015 60.015 60.030
5–20 1.500 0.750 0.438 0.250 0.500 0.250 60.0005
60.015 60.015 60.015 60.015 60.015 60.030
21–50 . . . . . . 60.0025
Over 50–160 2.250 1.375 0.750 0.375 1.000 0.375 60.005
60.030 60.030 60.030 60.030 60.030 60.030
Over 160 1.330T 0.830T . . . . 60.010
60.005 60.005
FIG. 1 IQI Design
5. IQI Procurement 5.1.2 Determine the thickness or thickness range of the
material(s) to be examined.
5.1 When selecting IQI’s for procurement, the following
factors should be considered: 5.1.3 Select the applicable IQI’s that represent the required
5.1.1 Determine the alloy group(s) of the material to be
IQI thickness and alloy(s).
examined.
E1025–98
quality levels specified in 6.1 and Table 1. The equivalent sensitivity can
Group 03 IQI
be computed from data furnished in Appendix X1.
for Magnesium
6.2 Typical image quality level designations are shown in
Table 1. The level of inspection specified should be based on
Group 02 IQI
service requirements of the product. Care should be taken in
for Aluminum
specifying image quality levels 2-1T, 1-1T, and 1-2T by first
determining that these levels can be maintained in production.
6.3 In specifying image quality levels, the contract, pur-
Group 01 IQI
chase order, product specification, or drawing should state the
for Titanium
propertwo-partexpressionandclearlyindicatethethicknessof
the metal to which the level refers. In place of a designated
two–partexpression,theIQInumberandminimumdiscernible
Group 1 IQI
hole size shall be specified.
for Carbon Alloy and
Stainless Steel
7. Material Groups
7.1 General:
Group 2 IQI 7.1.1 Materials have been designated in eight groups based
for Aluminum Bronze
on their radiation absorption characteristics: Groups 03, 02,
and 01 for light metals and Groups 1 through 5 for heavy
metals.
Group 3 IQI
7.1.2 The light metal groups, magnesium (Mg), aluminum
for Nickel-Chromium-Iron
(A1), and titanium (Ti) are identified 03, 02, and 01 respec-
tivelyfortheirpredominantalloyingconstituent.Thematerials
are listed in order of increasing radiation absorption.
Group 4 IQI
7.1.3 The heavy metal groups, steel, copper base, nickel
for Nickel-Copper (70-30)
base, and kindred alloys are identified 1 through 5. The
materials increase in radiation absorption with increasing
numerical designation.
Group 5 IQI
for Tin Bronze
NOTE 3—These groups were established experimentally at 180 kV on
⁄4-in.(19-mm)thickspecimens.Theyapplyfrom125kVtothemultivolt
range.
Detail of Notch
7.1.4 Common trade names or alloy designations have been
used for clarification of the pertinent materials.
7.1.5 The materials from which the IQI for the group are to
⁄16 in. (1.588
mm) be made are designated in each case, and these IQI’s are
applicableforallmaterialslistedinthatgroup.Inaddition,any
group IQI may be used for any material with a higher group
NOTCH TOLERANCES
number, provided the applicable quality level is maintained.
Width +15°
−0°
7.2 Identification System:
Depth + ⁄16 in. (1.588mm)
7.2.1 A notching system has been designated for the eight
− ⁄32 in. (.794mm)
groups of IQI’s and is shown in Fig. 2.
FIG. 2 Rectangular IQI Notch Identification and Material Grouping
7.2.2 For circular IQI’s, a group designation shall be vibro-
tooled or chemically etched on the IQI to identify it by using
NOTE 1—ThispracticedoesnotrecommendorsuggestspecificIQIsets
to be procured. Section 5 is an aid in selecting IQI’s based on specific
TABLE 1 Typical Image Quality Levels
needs.
Standard Image Quality Levels
Minimum
6. Image Quality Levels
Image Quality Preceptible Equivalent IQI
IQI Thickness
A
6.1 Image quality levels are designated by a two part
Levels Hole Sensitivity, %
Diameter
expression X-YT.Thefirstpartoftheexpression Xreferstothe
2-1T ⁄50 (2 %) of Specimen Thickness 1T 1.4
IQI thickness expressed as a percentage of the specimen
B
2-2T 2T 2.0
thickness. The second part of the expression YT refers to the
2-4T 4T 2.8
Special Image Quality Levels
diameter of the hole and is expressed as a multiple of the IQI
1-1T ⁄100 (1 %) of Specimen Thickness 1T 0.7
thickness, T. The image quality level 2-2T means that the IQI
1-2T 2T 1
thickness T is 2% of the specimen thickness and that the 1
4-2T ⁄25 (4 %) of Specimen Thickness 2T 4
A
diameter of the IQI imaged hole is 2 3the IQI thickness.
Equivalent IQI sensitivity is that thickness of the IQI, expressed as a percent-
age of the part thickness, in which the 2T hole would be visible under the same
NOTE 2—Image Quality Indicators (IQI’s) less than number 10 have
conditions.
B
hole sizes 0.010, 0.020, and 0.040 in. diameter regardless of the IQI 1
For Level 2-2T Radiologic—The 2Tholeinan
...