ASTM E594-96(2019)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
Standard Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Although it is possible to observe and measure each of the several characteristics of a detector under different and unique conditions, it is the intent of this recommended practice that a complete set of detector specifications should be obtained at the same operating conditions, including geometry, flow rates, and temperatures. It should be noted that to specify a detector’s capability completely, its performance should be measured at several sets of conditions within the useful range of the detector. The terms and tests described in this recommended practice are sufficiently general so that they may be used at whatever conditions may be chosen for other reasons.
4.2 The FID is generally only used with non-ionizable supercritical fluids as the mobile phase. Therefore, this standard does not include the use of modifiers in the supercritical fluid.
4.3 Linearity and speed of response of the recording system or other data acquisition device used should be such that it does not distort or otherwise interfere with the performance of the detector. Effective recorder response, Bonsall (5) and McWilliam (6), in particular, should be sufficiently fast so that it can be neglected in sensitivity of measurements. If additional amplifiers are used between the detector and the final readout device, their characteristics should also first be established.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the testing of the performance of a flame ionization detector (FID) used as the detection component of a gas or supercritical fluid (SF) chromatographic system.
1.2 This recommended practice is directly applicable to an FID that employs a hydrogen-air or hydrogen-oxygen flame burner and a dc biased electrode system.
1.3 This recommended practice covers the performance of the detector itself, independently of the chromatographic column, the column-to-detector interface (if any), and other system components, in terms that the analyst can use to predict overall system performance when the detector is made part of a complete chromatographic system.
1.4 For general gas chromatographic procedures, Practice E260 should be followed except where specific changes are recommended herein for the use of an FID. For definitions of gas chromatography and its various terms see recommended Practice E355.
1.5 For general information concerning the principles, construction, and operation of an FID, see Refs (1, 2, 3, 4).2
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see Section 5.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E594 − 96 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used in Gas or
1
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This practice covers the testing of the performance of a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
flame ionization detector (FID) used as the detection compo-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
nent of a gas or supercritical fluid (SF) chromatographic
system.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This recommended practice is directly applicable to an
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
FID that employs a hydrogen-air or hydrogen-oxygen flame
E260Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
burner and a dc biased electrode system.
E355PracticeforGasChromatographyTermsandRelation-
1.3 This recommended practice covers the performance of ships
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the detector itself, independently of the chromatographic
2.2 CGA Standards:
column, the column-to-detector interface (if any), and other
CGAP-1 Standard for Safe Handling of Compressed Gases
systemcomponents,intermsthattheanalystcanusetopredict
in Containers
overall system performance when the detector is made part of
CGAG-5.4Standard for Hydrogen Piping Systems at Con-
a complete chromatographic system.
sumer Locations
CGAP-9The Inert Gases: Argon, Nitrogen, and Helium
1.4 For general gas chromatographic procedures, Practice
CGAV-7Standard Method of Determining Cylinder Valve
E260 should be followed except where specific changes are
Outlet Connections for Industrial Gas Mixtures
recommended herein for the use of an FID. For definitions of
CGAP-12Safe Handling of Cryogenic Liquids
gas chromatography and its various terms see recommended
HB-3Handbook of Compressed Gases
Practice E355.
1.5 For general information concerning the principles,
3. Terminology
2
construction, and operation of an FID, see Refs (1, 2, 3, 4).
3.1 Definitions:
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.1 drift—the average slope of the baseline envelope
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 1
expressed in amperes per hour as measured over ⁄2 h.
standard.
3.1.2 noise (short-term)—the amplitude expressed in am-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
peres of the baseline envelope that includes all random
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
variations of the detector signal of a frequency on the order of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1 or more cycles per minute (see Fig. 1).
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Short-term noise corresponds to the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
observed noise only. The actual noise of the system may be
For specific safety information, see Section 5.
larger or smaller than the observed value, depending upon the
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
method of data collection or signal monitoring from the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
detector, since observed noise is a function of the frequency,
speed of response, and the bandwidth of the electronic circuit
measuring the detector signal.
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This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E13 on Molecular
Spectroscopy and Separation Science and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
3
mittee E13.19 on Separation Science. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2019. Published September 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1977. The last previous edition approved in 2011 as E594–96(2011). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/E0594–96R19. the ASTM website.
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The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended to Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 14501 George Carter
this recommended practice. Way, Suite 103, Chantilly, VA 20151, http://www.cganet.com.
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