ASTM E1413-13
(Practice)Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Concentration
Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Concentration
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for later analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), see Test Method E1618.
4.2 This is a very sensitive separation procedure, capable of isolating quantities smaller than 0.1 μL of ignitable liquid residue from a sample
4.2.1 Actual recovery will vary, depending on several factors, including adsorption temperature, container size, and competition from the sample matrix.
4.3 This is a potentially destructive technique. Portions of the sample subjected to this procedure may not be suitable for re-sampling. Therefore, a portion of the sample extract should be saved for potential future analysis. Consider using passive headspace concentration as described in Practice E1412.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples using the method of dynamic headspace concentration.
1.2 Dynamic headspace concentration uses adsorption and subsequent solvent elution or thermal desorption.
1.3 Both positive and negative pressure systems for adsorption are described, as well as a thermal desorption system.
1.4 While this practice is suitable for successfully extracting ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentration, the headspace concentration methods are best used when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration of ignitable liquid residues in the sample.
1.5 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in Section 2. If archival of the extract is of importance, then this practice’s thermal desorption procedure, SPME (Practice E2154), and headspace (Practice E1388) sample separation techniques are not recommended unless a portion of the extract can be split and retained. In order to have an archivable extract, then this practice’s sample collection on charcoal, solvent extraction (Practice E1386), or passive headspace concentration (Practice E1412) is recommended.
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This standard cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E1413 − 13
Standard Practice for
Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris
1
Samples by Dynamic Headspace Concentration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1413; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of
E1386 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues
small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris
from Fire Debris Samples by Solvent Extraction
samples using the method of dynamic headspace concentra-
E1388 Practice for Sampling of HeadspaceVapors from Fire
tion.
Debris Samples
1.2 Dynamic headspace concentration uses adsorption and
E1412 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues
subsequent solvent elution or thermal desorption.
from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concen-
tration With Activated Charcoal
1.3 Both positive and negative pressure systems for adsorp-
E1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and Related
tion are described, as well as a thermal desorption system.
Documentation
1.4 Whilethispracticeissuitableforsuccessfullyextracting
E1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and
ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentration,
Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory
theheadspaceconcentrationmethodsarebestusedwhenahigh
E1618 TestMethodforIgnitableLiquidResiduesinExtracts
level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration
from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass
of ignitable liquid residues in the sample.
Spectrometry
E2154 Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignit-
1.5 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are
able Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Pas-
listed in Section 2. If archival of the extract is of importance,
sive Headspace Concentration with Solid Phase Microex-
then this practice’s thermal desorption procedure, SPME (Prac-
traction (SPME)
ticeE2154),andheadspace(PracticeE1388)sampleseparation
E2451 Practice for Preserving Ignitable Liquids and Ignit-
techniques are not recommended unless a portion of the extract
able Liquid Residue Extracts from Fire Debris Samples
canbesplitandretained.Inordertohaveanarchivableextract,
then this practice’s sample collection on charcoal, solvent
3. Summary of Practice
extraction (Practice E1386), or passive headspace concentra-
3.1 The sample, preferably in its original container, is
tion (Practice E1412) is recommended.
heated, forcing volatile compounds to vaporize.The headspace
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
in the sample is then drawn or pushed through a tube
one or more specific operations. This standard cannot replace
containing an adsorption media (typically activated charcoal or
knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate
Tenax) which adsorbs the vaporized compounds.
education, training, and experience and should be used in
3.2 Other solid adsorbents and collection systems can be
conjunction with sound professional judgment.
used as long as the method has been validated with a wide
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
varietyofignitableliquidswitharangeofbothflashpointsand
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
polarity.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire
debris for later analysis by gas chromatography-mass spec-
trometry (GC-MS), see Test Method E1618.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
2
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2013. Published September 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1413 – 07. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1413-13. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1413 − 13
4.2 This is a very sensitive separation procedure, capable of 2.5 to 5 cm of activated charcoal, and finally, holding the
isolating quan
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1413 − 07 E1413 − 13
Standard Practice for
Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues
from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace
1
Concentration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1413; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples
using the absorption/elution method of dynamic headspace concentration.
1.2 Dynamic headspace concentration uses adsorption and subsequent solvent elution or thermal desorption.
1.3 Both positive and negative pressure systems are described.for adsorption are described, as well as a thermal desorption
system.
1.4 While this practice is suitable for successfully extracting ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentration, the
headspace concentration methods are best used when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration of
ignitable liquid residues in the sample.
1.5 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in Section 2. If archival of the extract is of importance, then
this practice’s thermal desorption procedure, SPME (Practice E2154), and headspace (Practice E1388) sample separation
techniques are not recommended unless a portion of the extract can be split and retained. In order to have an archivable extract,
then this practice’s sample collection on charcoal, solvent extraction (Practice E1386), or passive headspace concentration
(Practice E1412) is recommended.
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This standard cannot replace
knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and should be used in conjunction
with sound professional judgment.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193E1386 Specification for Reagent WaterPractice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by
Solvent Extraction
E752E1388 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relating to Occupational Exposure to Carbon DisulfideSampling of
Headspace Vapors from Fire Debris Samples (Withdrawn 1995)
E1412 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration With
Activated Charcoal
E1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and Related Documentation
E1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory
E1387E1618 Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas
ChromatographyChromatography-Mass Spectrometry (Withdrawn 2010)
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
Current edition approved April 15, 2007Aug. 15, 2013. Published June 2007September 2013. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20062007
as E1413 – 06.E1413 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/E1413-07.10.1520/E1413-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1413 − 13
E1412E2154 Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive
Headspace Concentration With Activated Charcoalwith Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME)
E2451 Practice for Preserving Ignitable Liquids and Ignitable Liquid Residue Extracts from Fire Debris Samples
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 The sample, preferably in its original container, is heated, forcing volatile compounds to vaporize. At the same time, the The
headspace in the sample is th
...
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