ASTM D4958-10(2016)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser degree of brush drag).
5.2 This test method provides a standardized brushout procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to customary informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to maximize the reliability and precision with which this characteristic may be determined.
Note 1: The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results obtained by this method and Test Method D4287. The sensitivity of this brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brushabilities corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than 0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement between the brushout and viscometric methods is poor when latex and solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group. This is the result of these two paint types having markedly different rheological properties that affect the relative perception of brush drag.4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-borne paints.
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also applicable to solvent-borne paints.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4958 − 10 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4958; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 brush-drag—resistance encountered when applying a
coating by brush.
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure
for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-
4. Summary of Test Method
borne paints.
4.1 A50-mm (2-in.) polyester brush is used to apply the test
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also appli- 2 2
paint on a 1000-cm (1.076-ft ) test area. The application is
cable to solvent-borne paints. 2 2
made at a spreading rate of 9.82 m /L (400 ft /gal) and is
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the completed in 30 to 35 s. The degree of brush drag is rated
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
subjectively using a series of standard descriptive terms
only. correspondingtonumericalvaluesof1to10.Therankorderof
a set of samples is thereby established.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased
brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent
2. Referenced Documents
2 improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes
2.1 ASTM Standards:
it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in
and Related Products
applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser
D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and
degree of brush drag).
Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
5.2 This test method provides a standardized brushout
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to
Pigmented Coatings
customary informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to
D4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/
maximize the reliability and precision with which this charac-
Plate Viscometer
teristic may be determined.
D5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evalu-
ation
NOTE 1—The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear
viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results
3. Terminology
obtained by this method and Test Method D4287. The sensitivity of this
3 brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brush-
3.1 Definitions: See Paint/Coatings Dictionary for defini-
abilities corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than
tion of terms used in this test method.
0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement
between the brushout and viscometric methods is poor when latex and
solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group. This is the
1 result of these two paint types having markedly different rheological
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
properties that affect the relative perception of brush drag.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
6. Apparatus
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4958 – 10. DOI:
6.1 Brush, 50-mm (2-in.) polyester filament, 70-mm (2 ⁄4-
10.1520/D4958-10R16.
in.) length-out, 14 mm ( ⁄16 in.) thick, with a chiseled tip.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
Available from Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), 492 beobtainedbyrequestingResearchReportRR:D01-1072.ContactASTMCustomer
Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422–2350, http://www.coatingstech.org. Service at service@astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4958 − 10 (2016)
NOTE 2—All tests of a given series of paints, within or between
6—Considerable
laboratories, should be carried out with commercially identical brushes.
7—Considerable to pronounced
6.2 Stopwatch. 8—Pronoun
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4958 − 10 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4958; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 brush-drag—resistance encountered when applying a
coating by brush.
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure
for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-
4. Summary of Test Method
borne paints.
4.1 A 50-mm (2-in.) polyester brush is used to apply the test
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also appli- 2 2
paint on a 1000-cm (1.076-ft ) test area. The application is
cable to solvent-borne paints. 2 2
made at a spreading rate of 9.82 m /L (400 ft /gal) and is
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
completed in 30 to 35 s. The degree of brush drag is rated
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information subjectively using a series of standard descriptive terms
only.
corresponding to numerical values of 1 to 10. The rank order of
a set of samples is thereby established.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased
2. Referenced Documents brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent
improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes
2.1 ASTM Standards:
it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in
and Related Products
applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser
D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and
degree of brush drag).
Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
5.2 This test method provides a standardized brushout
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to
Pigmented Coatings
customary informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to
D4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/
maximize the reliability and precision with which this charac-
Plate Viscometer
teristic may be determined.
D5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evalu-
ation
NOTE 1—The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear
viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results
3. Terminology
obtained by this method and Test Method D4287. The sensitivity of this
3 brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brush-
3.1 Definitions: See Paint/Coatings Dictionary for defini-
abilities corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than
tion of terms used in this test method.
0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement
between the brushout and viscometric methods is poor when latex and
solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group. This is the
result of these two paint types having markedly different rheological
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
properties that affect the relative perception of brush drag.
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
6. Apparatus
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4958 – 10. DOI:
6.1 Brush, 50-mm (2-in.) polyester filament, 70-mm (2 ⁄4-
10.1520/D4958-10R16.
in.) length-out, 14 mm ( ⁄16 in.) thick, with a chiseled tip.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
Available from Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), 492 be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D01-1072. Contact ASTM Customer
Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422–2350, http://www.coatingstech.org. Service at service@astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4958 − 10 (2016)
NOTE 2—All tests of a given series of paints, within or between
6—Considerable
laboratories, should be carried out with commercially identical brushes.
7—Considerable to pronounced
6.2 Stopwatch. 8—Pronounced
9—Very pronounced
6.3 Balance, capable of weighing accurately to 0.1 g.
10—Extreme
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4958 − 10 D4958 − 10 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4958; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-borne
paints.
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also applicable to solvent-borne paints.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
D4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer
D5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evaluation
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: See Paint/Coatings Dictionary for definition of terms used in this test method.
3.1.1 brush-drag—resistance encountered when applying a coating by brush.
4. Summary of Test Method
2 2
4.1 A 50-mm (2-in.) polyester brush is used to apply the test paint on a 1000-cm (1.076-ft ) test area. The application is made
2 2
at a spreading rate of 9.82 m /L (400 ft /gal) and is completed in 30 to 35 s. The degree of brush drag is rated subjectively using
a series of standard descriptive terms corresponding to numerical values of 1 to 10. The rank order of a set of samples is thereby
established.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is reduced.
When all other factors are held constant, increased brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent improvement
in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for easier application
(that is, the amount of time and effort in applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser degree of brush drag).
5.2 This test method provides a standardized brushout procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to customary
informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to maximize the reliability and precision with which this characteristic may be
determined.
NOTE 1—The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results obtained
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010April 1, 2016. Published December 2010April 2016. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as
D4958 – 97 (2004).D4958 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/D4958-10.10.1520/D4958-10R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), 492 Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422–2350, http://www.coatingstech.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4958 − 10 (2016)
by this method and Test Method D4287. The sensitivity of this brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brushabilities
corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than 0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement between the
brushout and viscometric methods is poor when latex and solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group. This is the result of these two paint
types having markedly different rheological properties that affect the relative perception of brush drag.
6. Apparatus
3 9
6.1 Brush, 50-mm (2-in.) polyester filament, 70-mm (2 ⁄4-in.) length-out, 14 mm ( ⁄16 in.) thick, with a chiseled tip.
NOTE 2—All tests of a given series of paints, within or between laboratories, should be carried out with commercially identical brushes.
6.2 Stopwatch.
6.3 Balance, capable of weighing accurately to 0.1 g.
2 2 5
6.4 Test charts, with a sealed surface, having 1000 cm (1.076 ft ) of test area.
7. S
...
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