ASTM D1894-01

Standard Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the coefficients of starting and sliding friction of plastic film and sheeting when sliding over itself or other substances at specified test conditions. The procedure permits the use of a stationary sled with a moving plane, or a moving sled with a stationary plane. Both procedures yield the same coefficients of friction values for a given sample.
Note 1--For the frictional characteristics of plastic films partially wrapped around a cylinder, or capstan, see Test Method G143 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Subcommittee G02.50.
1.2 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.2.1 As an option to this test, coefficient of friction may be run at temperatures other than 23C by heating only the plane while the sled is at ambient temperature.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see Note 7.
Note 2--This test method and ISO/DIS 8295-1994 are not technically equivalent.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-2001
• ICS: 83.140.10 - Films and sheets
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.10 - Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1894-00 - Standard Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2001
• Replaced By: ASTM D1894-06 - Standard Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
• Effective Date: 01-May-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D3981-09a(2016) - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Medium-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D8195-18 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and Sheeting
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4649-20 - Standard Guide for Use of Stretch Films and Wrapping Application
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E1549/E1549M-13(2022) - Standard Specification for ESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms and Controlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardous and Hazardous Operations
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D8065/D8065M-16 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Specifying Plastic Films
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D2673-14(2022) - Standard Specification for Oriented Polypropylene Film
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2001
• Referred By: ASTM G115-10(2018) - Standard Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4635-16 - Standard Specification for Plastic Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2001
• Referred By: ASTM G143-03(2018) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Web/Roller Friction Characteristics
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F3510-21 - Standard Guide for Characterizing Fiber-Based Constructs for Tissue-Engineered Medical Products
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4020-18 - Standard Specification for Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Molding and Extrusion Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D5047-17 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and Sheeting
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D2103-15 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1894–01
Standard Test Method for
Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and
1
Sheeting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1894; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope * D 3574 TestMethodsforFlexibleCellularMaterials—Slab,
3
Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversdeterminationofthecoefficients
D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-
ofstartingandslidingfrictionofplasticfilmandsheetingwhen
3
rials
sliding over itself or other substances at specified test condi-
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
tions. The procedure permits the use of a stationary sled with
4
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
a moving plane, or a moving sled with a stationary plane. Both
G 143 Test Method for Measurement of Web/Roller Fric-
procedures yield the same coefficients of friction values for a
5
tion Characteristics
given sample.
2.2 ISO/DIS Standard:
NOTE 1—For the frictional characteristics of plastic films partially 6
ISO/DIS 8295–1994
wrapped around a cylinder, or capstan, see Test Method G 143 under the
jurisdiction of ASTM Subcommittee G02.50.
3. Terminology
1.2 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and
3.1 Definitions:
appropriate for use in engineering design.
3.1.1 friction, n—resistance to relative motion between two
1.2.1 As an option to this test, coefficient of friction may be
bodies in contact.
run at temperatures other than 23°C by heating only the plane
3.1.1.1 coeffıcient of friction—the ratio of the force required
while the sled is at ambient temperature.
to move one surface over another to the total force applied
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
normal to those surfaces.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.1.2 kinetic coeffıcient of friction—the ratio of the force
only.
required to move one surface over another to the total force
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
applied normal to those surfaces, once that motion is in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
progress.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1.3 static coeffıcient of friction—the ratio of the force
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
required to move one surface over another to the total force
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
applied normal to those surfaces, at the instant motion starts.
precautionary statement, see Note 7.
D 996, D10
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
NOTE 2—This test method and ISO/DIS 8295–1994 are not technically
3.2.1 slip—in plastic films, lubricity of two surfaces sliding
equivalent.
in contact with each other.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical 4.1 Measurements of frictional properties may be made on a
2
film or sheeting specimen when sliding over itself or over
Insulating Materials for Testing
2
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics another substance.The coefficients of friction are related to the
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
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and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
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Current edition approved March 10, 2001. Published June 2001. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
6
published as D 1894 – 61 T. Last previous edition D 1894 – 00. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D1894
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slip properties of plastic films that are of wide interest in The foam shall also have a high hysteresis when deformed.
packagingapplications.Thesemethodsyieldempiricaldatafor The rubber shall be wrapped snugly around the sled and held
control purposes in film production. Correlation of test results in place against the bottom and top of the sled with double-
with actual performance can usually be established. faced masking tape. When a sheet (see 6.3) is to be attached,
double-faced tape shall be used to at
...