ASTM E2149-20

Standard Test Method for Determining the Antimicrobial Activity of Antimicrobial Agents Under Dynamic Contact Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Substrate–bonded, antimicrobial agents are not typically free to diffuse into their environment under normal conditions of use. This test method ensures good contact between the bacteria and the treated fiber, fabric, or other substrate, by constant agitation of the test specimen in a challenge suspension during the test period.  
5.2 The metabolic state of the challenge species can directly affect measurements of the effectiveness of particular antimicrobial agents or concentrations of agents. The susceptibility of the species to particular biocides could be altered depending on its life stage (cycle). One-hour contact time in a buffer solution allows for metabolic stasis in the population. This test method standardizes both the growth conditions of the challenge species and substrate contact times to reduce the variability associated with growth phase of the microorganism.  
5.3 Leaching of an antimicrobial is dependent upon the test conditions being utilized and the ultimate end use of the product. Additional testing may be required to determine if a compound is substrate-bound in all conditions or during the end use of the product.  
5.4 This test method cannot determine if a compound is leaching into solution or is immobilized on the substrate. This test method is only intended to determine efficacy as described in subsequent portions of the method.  
5.5 The test is suitable for evaluating stressed or modified specimens, when accompanied by adequate controls.
Note 1: Stresses may include laundry, wear and abrasion, radiation and steam sterilization, UV exposure, solvent manipulation, temperature susceptibility, or similar physical or chemical manipulation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial-treated specimens under dynamic contact conditions. This dynamic shake flask test was developed for routine quality control and screening tests in order to overcome difficulties in using classical antimicrobial test methods to evaluate substrate-bound antimicrobials. These difficulties include ensuring contact of inoculum to treated surface (as in AATCC TM100), flexibility of retrieval at different contact times, use of inappropriately applied static conditions (as in AATCC TM147), sensitivity, and reproducibility.  
1.2 This test method allows for the ability to evaluate many different types of treated substrates and a wide range of microorganisms. Treated substrates used in this test method can be subjected to a wide variety of physical/chemical stresses or manipulations and allows for the versatility of testing the effect of contamination due to such things as hard water, proteins, blood, serum, various chemicals, and other contaminants.  
1.3 Surface antimicrobial activity is determined by comparing results from the test sample to controls run simultaneously.  
1.4 This test method may not be appropriate for all types of antimicrobial-treated articles or antimicrobial agents. The proper test methodology should be determined based on antimicrobial mode of action and end-use expectations (Guide E2922)  
1.5 Proper neutralization of all antimicrobials must be confirmed using Test Methods E1054.  
1.6 This test method should be performed only by those trained in microbiological techniques.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in ...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Sep-2020
• ICS: 07.100.01 - Microbiology in general
• ICS: 19.040 - Environmental testing
• Technical Committee: E35 - Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents
• Drafting Committee: E35.15 - Antimicrobial Agents

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2149 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Antimicrobial Activity of Antimicrobial
1
Agents Under Dynamic Contact Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2149; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.8 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
tions and equipment. This standard does not purport to address
1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate the antimicro-
all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
bial activity of antimicrobial-treated specimens under dynamic
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
contact conditions. This dynamic shake flask test was devel-
appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and
oped for routine quality control and screening tests in order to
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
overcomedifficultiesinusingclassicalantimicrobialtestmeth-
use.
ods to evaluate substrate-bound antimicrobials. These difficul-
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
ties include ensuring contact of inoculum to treated surface (as
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
in AATCC TM100), flexibility of retrieval at different contact
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
times, use of inappropriately applied static conditions (as in
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
AATCC TM147), sensitivity, and reproducibility.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 This test method allows for the ability to evaluate many
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
different types of treated substrates and a wide range of
2. Referenced Documents
microorganisms. Treated substrates used in this test method
2
canbesubjectedtoawidevarietyofphysical/chemicalstresses
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or manipulations and allows for the versatility of testing the
E1054Test Methods for Evaluation of Inactivators of Anti-
effect of contamination due to such things as hard water,
microbial Agents
proteins, blood, serum, various chemicals, and other contami-
E2756Terminology Relating toAntimicrobial andAntiviral
nants.
Agents
E2922Guide for The Use of Standard Test Methods and
1.3 Surface antimicrobial activity is determined by compar-
Practices for EvaluatingAntibacterialActivity onTextiles
ingresultsfromthetestsampletocontrolsrunsimultaneously.
3
2.2 AATCC Documents:
1.4 This test method may not be appropriate for all types of
AATCC TM147Antibacterial Activity Assessment of Tex-
antimicrobial-treated articles or antimicrobial agents. The
tile Materials: Parallel Streak Method
proper test methodology should be determined based on
AATCCTM100Antibacterial Finishes onTextile Materials:
antimicrobial mode of action and end-use expectations (Guide
Assessment of
E2922)
3. Terminology
1.5 Proper neutralization of all antimicrobials must be
confirmed using Test Methods E1054.
3.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsusedinthistestmethod,referto
E2756 Standard Terminology Relating to Antimicrobial and
1.6 This test method should be performed only by those
Antiviral Agents.
trained in microbiological techniques.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Summary of Test Method
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.1 The antimicrobial activity of some substrate-bound,
standard.
antimicrobial agents is dependent upon direct contact of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and is the direct Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
responsibility of Subcommittee E35.15 on Antimicrobial Agents. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2020. Published October 2020. Originally Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2149–13a. DOI: (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
10.1520/E2149-20. www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E2149 − 20
microbes with the surface of th
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2149 − 13a E2149 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Antimicrobial Activity of Antimicrobial
1
Agents Under Dynamic Contact Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2149; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of non-leaching, antimicrobial-treated specimens under
dynamic contact conditions. This dynamic shake flask test was developed for routine quality control and screening tests in order
to overcome difficulties in using classical antimicrobial test methods to evaluate substrate-bound antimicrobials. These difficulties
include ensuring contact of inoculum to treated surface (as in AATCC 100),TM100), flexibility of retrieval at different contact
times, use of inappropriately applied static conditions (as in AATCC 147),TM147), sensitivity, and reproducibility.
1.2 This test method allows for the ability to evaluate many different types of treated substrates and a wide range of
microorganisms. Treated substrates used in this test method can be subjected to a wide variety of physical/chemical stresses or
manipulations and allows for the versatility of testing the effect of contamination due to such things as hard water, proteins, blood,
serum, various chemicals, and other contaminants.
1.3 Surface antimicrobial activity is determined by comparing results from the test sample to controls run simultaneously.
1.4 The presence of an antimicrobial that requires neutralizationThis test method may not be appropriate for all types of
antimicrobial-treated articles or antimicrobial agents. The proper test methodology should be determined based on antimicrobial
mode of action and end-use expectations (Guide E2922is determined by the post-test.)
1.5 Proper neutralization of all antimicrobials must be confirmed using Test Methods E1054.
1.6 This test method should be performed only by those trained in microbiological techniques.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations,operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E35.15 on Antimicrobial Agents.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013Sept. 15, 2020. Published December 2013October 2020. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as
E2149 – 13.E2149 – 13a. DOI: 10.1520/E2149-13A.10.1520/E2149-20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E2149 − 20
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1054 Test Methods for Evaluation of Inactivators of Antimicrobial Agents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1054 Test Methods for Evaluation of Inactivators of Antimicrobial Agents
E2756 Terminology Relating to Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents
E2922 Guide for The Use of Standard Test Methods and Practices for Evaluating Antibacterial Activity on Textiles
3
2.2 AATCC Documents:
AATCC 147TM147 Antibacterial Activity Assessment of Textile Materials: Parallel Streak Method
AATCC 100TM100 Antibacterial Finishes on FabricsTextile Materials: Assessment of
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to E2756 Standard Terminology Relating to Antimicrobial and Antiviral
Agents.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The antimicrobial activity of asome substrate-bound, non-leaching antimicro
...