ASTM E2103-11
(Classification)Standard Classification for Bridge Elements—UNIFORMAT II
Standard Classification for Bridge Elements—UNIFORMAT II
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This standard builds on the concepts and organizational framework established in Classification E1557. This classification describes bridge elements that are major components of most highway, railroad, and pedestrian bridges. The elemental classification is the common thread linking activities and participants in a bridge project from initial planning through operations, maintenance, and disposal.
Note 1—As this classification refers solely to permanent, physical parts of any construction, two additional classifications, Classifications E2083 and E2168, need to be included when calculating construction cost. These standards provide for the inclusion of construction enabling, temporary, and risk mitigation cost figures. Procedures for reporting all these figures are described in Practices E1804 and E2514 and Classification E2516. While these three latter standards were primarily written for building construction, they are nonetheless appropriate and readily applied to other forms of construction as well.
The Users of Bridge UNIFORMAT II Include:
Financial and InvestmentTypically owners, developers, bankers, lenders, accountants, and financial managers.
ImplementationPrimarily project managers; facilities programmers; designers, including engineers; and project controls specialists, including cost planners, estimators, schedulers, specification writers, and risk analysts.
Facilities ManagementComprising property portfolio managers, operating staff, and maintenance staff.
OthersPublic officials, manufacturers, educators, students, and other project stakeholders.
Apply This Classification When Undertaking the Following Work on Bridges:
Financing and Investing:
Structuring costs on an elemental basis for economic evaluations (Guide E1185 and Practices E917, E964, E1057, E1074, E1121, and E1804) early in the design process helps reduce the cost of early financial analysis and can contribute to substantial design and operational savings before deci...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard establishes a classification of bridge elements within the UNIFORMAT II family of elemental classifications. It covers most highway bridges, railroad bridges, and pedestrian bridges.
1.2 UNIFORMAT II classifications have an elemental format similar to the original UNIFORMAT building elemental classification. However, the title UNIFORMAT II differs from the original in that it now takes into consideration a wide range of constructed entities that collectively form the built environment.
1.3 Elements, as defined here, are major physical components that are common within constructed entities. Elements perform their given function(s), regardless of the design specification, construction method, or materials used.
1.4 This elemental classification serves as a consistent reference for analysis, evaluation, and monitoring during the feasibility, planning, and design stages when constructing bridges.
1.5 Using UNIFORMAT II elemental classifications ensures a consistency in the economic evaluation of construction projects over time and from project to project.
1.6 UNIFORMAT II classifications also enhance reporting at all stages of a constructed entity’s life cyclefrom feasibility and planning through the preparation of working documents, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and disposal.
1.7 This classification is unsuitable for process applications or for preparing trade estimates.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E2103 −11
StandardClassification for
1
Bridge Elements—UNIFORMAT II
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2103; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This standard establishes a classification of bridge
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
elements within the UNIFORMAT II family of elemental
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
classifications. It covers most highway bridges, railroad
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bridges, and pedestrian bridges.
1.2 UNIFORMAT II classifications have an elemental for-
2. Referenced Documents
2
mat similar to the original UNIFORMAT building elemental
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
classification. However, the title UNIFORMAT II differs from
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
the original in that it now takes into consideration a wide range
E833 Terminology of Building Economics
of constructed entities that collectively form the built environ-
E917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings
ment.
and Building Systems
1.3 Elements, as defined here, are major physical compo-
E964 Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-
nents that are common within constructed entities. Elements
to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems
perform their given function(s), regardless of the design
E1057 Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return and
specification, construction method, or materials used.
Adjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments in
1.4 This elemental classification serves as a consistent
Buildings and Building Systems
reference for analysis, evaluation, and monitoring during the
E1074 Practice for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Savings
feasibility, planning, and design stages when constructing
for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems
bridges.
E1121 Practice for Measuring Payback for Investments in
Buildings and Building Systems
1.5 UsingUNIFORMATIIelementalclassificationsensures
E1185 Guide for Selecting Economic Methods for Evaluat-
a consistency in the economic evaluation of construction
ing Investments in Buildings and Building Systems
projects over time and from project to project.
E1369 Guide for Selecting Techniques for Treating Uncer-
1.6 UNIFORMAT II classifications also enhance reporting
tainty and Risk in the Economic Evaluation of Buildings
at all stages of a constructed entity’s life cycle—from feasibil-
and Building Systems
ity and planning through the preparation of working
E1699 Practice for Performing Value Analysis (VA) of
documents, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and dis-
Buildings and Building Systems and Other Constructed
posal.
Projects
1.7 This classification is unsuitable for process applications
E1804 Practice for Performing and Reporting CostAnalysis
or for preparing trade estimates.
During the Design Phase of a Project
E1946 Practice for Measuring Cost Risk of Buildings and
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Building Systems and Other Constructed Projects
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
E2013 Practice for Constructing FAST Diagrams and Per-
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
forming Function Analysis During Value Analysis Study
tion only and are not considered standard.
E2506 Guide for Developing a Cost-Effective Risk Mitiga-
tion Plan for New and Existing Constructed Facilities
E2691 Practice for Job Productivity Measurement
1
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81
on Building Economics.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally
3
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E2103 – 06. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/E2103-11. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The original UNIFORMAT classification was developed jointly by the General Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Services Administration (GSA) and the American Institute of Architects (AIA). the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2103−11
2.2 ASTM UNIFORMAT II Classification Standards Fam- 4
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2103–06 Designation: E2103 – 11
Standard Classification for
Bridge Elements and Related Approach WorkBridge
1
Elements—UNIFORMAT II
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2103; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This classification covers bridge elements and related approach work. Elements, as defined here, are major components
common to most bridges. Elements usually perform a given function, regardless of the design specification, construction method,
or materials used. This classification serves as a consistent reference for analysis, evaluation, cost estimating, and monitoring
during the feasibility, planning and design stages of bridges. It also enhances reporting at all stages from feasibility and planning
through the preparation of working documents, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and disposal.
1.2This classification applies to bridges and related approach work. It excludes specialized structures such as signs and signals
related to general highway use, but it does include bridge parapets, medians, drainage, and barriers needed to lessen vehicular
impact.
1.3This classification is similar to the Classification E1557.
1.4
1.1 This standard establishes a classification of bridge elements within the UNIFORMAT II family of elemental classifications.
It covers most highway bridges, railroad bridges, and pedestrian bridges.
2
1.2 UNIFORMAT II classifications have an elemental format similar to the original UNIFORMAT building elemental
classification. However, the title UNIFORMAT II differs from the original in that it now takes into consideration a wide range of
constructed entities that collectively form the built environment.
1.3 Elements, as defined here, are major physical components that are common within constructed entities. Elements perform
their given function(s), regardless of the design specification, construction method, or materials used.
1.4 This elemental classification serves as a consistent reference for analysis, evaluation, and monitoring during the feasibility,
planning, and design stages when constructing bridges.
1.5 Using UNIFORMAT II elemental classifications ensures a consistency in the economic evaluation of construction projects
over time and from project to project.
1.6 UNIFORMATII classifications also enhance reporting at all stages of a constructed entity’s life cycle—from feasibility and
planning through the preparation of working documents, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and disposal.
1.7 This classification is unsuitable for process applications or for preparing trade estimates.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E833 Terminology of Building Economics
E917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings and Building Systems
1
This classification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on Building
Economics.
Current edition approved AprilNov. 1, 2006.2011. Published April 2006.December 2011. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 as
E2103 – 006. DOI: 10.1520/E2103-06.10.1520/E2103-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
2
The original UNIFORMAT classification was developed jointly by the General Services Administration (GSA) and the American Institute of Architects (AIA).
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the stan
...
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