ASTM D3918-11
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products (Withdrawn 2020)
Standard Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products (Withdrawn 2020)
SCOPE
1.1 These definitions cover terms used in the reinforced plastics pultrusion industry. In some cases the terms may be identical to those employed in other standards or by other standards bodies.
Note—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These definitions cover terms used in the reinforced plastics pultrusion industry. In some cases the terms may be identical to those employed in other standards.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D20 on Plastics, this terminology was withdrawn in July 2020 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3918 − 11
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3918; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope caused by minor impact damage closed shape-a pultruded
shape that has a hollow component.
1.1 These definitions cover terms used in the reinforced
plastics pultrusion industry. In some cases the terms may be
crack—a visual separation that occurs internally or penetrates
identical to those employed in other standards.
down from the pultruded surface to the equivalent of one full
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
ply or more of reinforcement (at least 0.019 in. or 0.48 mm).
crater—a small, shallow pultrusion surface imperfection.
2. Terminology
craze—multiple fine cracks at or under the pultruded surface.
barcol hardness—a measurement of the surface hardness
using a Barber Colman impresser.
craze, hairline—multiple fine pultrusion surface separation
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cracks that exceed ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) in length and do not
NOTE 2—The Barcol hardness is a relative measure of cure and the
penetrate in depth to the equivalent of full ply of reinforce-
nominal value can differ on a fully cured part with the use of different
additives.
ment.
blister—a rounded elevation of the pultruded surface with craze, resin—multiple fine separation cracks at the pultruded
boundaries that may be more or less sharply defined. A
surface not penetrating into the reinforcement.
blister may be a small percentage or large percentage of the
NOTE 6—This condition is usually due to resin shrinkage during cure in
pultruded part surface.
resin-rich areas.
NOTE 3—The rounded elevation somewhat resembles a blister on the
delamination—the separation of two or more layers or plies of
surface of human skin. Blisters may exist within the pultrusion as a hollow
reinforcing material within a pultrusion, which increases the
area (usually gas-filled) under a raised portion of the surface.
localized part thickness by more than 0.13 mm (0.005 in.).
blooming, fiber—a pultrusion surface condition exhibiting a
die-parting line—a lengthwise flash or depression on the
fiber prominence or fiber show that usually has a white or
surface of a pultruded plastic part.
bleached color on parts without a surfacing veil.
NOTE 7—The die-parting line is associated with the area where separate
NOTE 4—The surface generally feels rough when touched by the fingers
pieces of the die join together to form the cavity.
and is of superficial thickness easily removed by buffing or light sanding.
There is not a structural issue. die struck dimension—a dimension that is controlled exclu-
sively by the dimensions of the steel die and not by
blooming, undercure—a dull and bleached surface color that
processing.
is evident in pultruded material not exposed to the weather.
discoloration—a streak or other pattern on the surface that
NOTE 5—This condition is usually the result of insufficient surface cure.
causes a noticeable change of color from the rest of the
bow—See camber and straightness.
pultruded surface.
camber—the deviation of the edge or surface of a pultruded dry fiber—a condition in which fibers are not fully encapsu-
shape from a reference straight line.
lated by resin during pultrusion.
dullness—a lack of normal pultruded surface gloss or shine.
chips—minor damage to the pultruded surface that removes
material but does not cause a crack or craze. Typically
NOTE 8—This condition can be caused by insufficient cure locally or in
largeareasendcutangularity-Thesquarenessoftheendcutonapultruded
shape measured in reference to a flat surface on the pultruded part which
is parallel to the direction of pull.
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These definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced
dwarf width—a condition in which the crosswise (of the
Thermosetting Plastics.
direction of pultrusion) dimension of a flat surface of the part
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally
is less than that the die normally would yield for a particular
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3918 - 96(2003).
DOI: 10.1520/D3918-11. composite.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3918 − 11
NOTE 9—This condition is usually caused by a partial blockage of the
porosity, surface—the presence of numerous visible pits or
pultrusion die cavit
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