ASTM D4485-04
(Specification)Standard Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
Standard Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers engine oils for light-duty and heavy-duty internal combustion engines used under a variety of operating conditions in automobiles, trucks, vans, buses, and off-highway farm, industrial, and construction equipment.
1.2 This specification is not intended to cover engine oil applications such as outboard motors, snowmobiles, lawn mowers, motorcycles, railroad locomotives, or ocean-going vessels.
1.3 This specification is based on engine test results that generally have been correlated with results obtained on reference oils in actual service engines operating with gasoline or diesel fuel. As it pertains to the API SL engine oil category, it is based on engine test results that generally have been correlated with results obtained on reference oils run in gasoline engine Sequence Tests that defined engine oil categories prior to 2000. It should be recognized that not all aspects of engine oil performance are evaluated by the engine tests in this specification. In addition, when assessing oil performance, it is desirable that the oil be evaluated under actual operating conditions.
1.4 This specification includes bench tests that help evaluate some aspects of engine oil performance not covered by the engine tests in this specification.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 4485 – 04
Standard Specification for
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Performance of Engine Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This specification covers all the currently active American Petroleum Institute (API) engine oil
performancecategoriesthathavebeendefinedinaccordancewiththeASTMconsensusprocess.There
are other organizations with specifications not subject to this process, such as the International
Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC), and the Association des Constructeurs
Europeans d’ Automobiles (ACEA). Their specifications are not covered in this document.
In the ASTM system, a specific API designation is assigned to each category. The system is
open-ended, that is, new designations are assigned for use with new categories as each new set of oil
performance characteristics are defined. Oil categories may be referenced by engine builders in
making lubricant recommendations, and used by lubricant suppliers and customers in identifying
products for specific applications. Where applicable, candidate oil programs are conducted in
accordancewiththeAmericanChemistryCouncil(ACC)PetroleumAdditivesProductApprovalCode
of Practice.
Other service categories not shown in this document have historically been used to describe engine
oil performance (SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG and CA, CB, CC, CD, CD-II, CE) (see 3.1.2). SA is
not included because it does not have specified engine performance requirements. SG is not included
becauseitwasacategorythatcouldnotbelicensedforuseintheAPIServiceSymbolafterDecember
31, 1995. The others are not included because they are based on test methods for which engine parts,
test fuel, or reference oils, or a combination thereof, are no longer available. Also, the ASTM 5-Car
andSequenceVIProceduresareobsoleteandhavebeendeletedfromthecategoryEnergyConserving
and Energy Conserving II (defined by Sequence VI). Information on excluded older categories and
obsolete test requirements can be found in SAE J183.
1. Scope ence oils in actual service engines operating with gasoline or
diesel fuel. As it pertains to the API SL engine oil category, it
1.1 This specification covers engine oils for light-duty and
is based on engine test results that generally have been
heavy-dutyinternalcombustionenginesusedunderavarietyof
correlated with results obtained on reference oils run in
operating conditions in automobiles, trucks, vans, buses, and
gasoline engine Sequence Tests that defined engine oil catego-
off-highway farm, industrial, and construction equipment.
ries prior to 2000. It should be recognized that not all aspects
1.2 This specification is not intended to cover engine oil
of engine oil performance are evaluated by the engine tests in
applications such as outboard motors, snowmobiles, lawn
this specification. In addition, when assessing oil performance,
mowers, motorcycles, railroad locomotives, or ocean-going
it is desirable that the oil be evaluated under actual operating
vessels.
conditions.
1.3 This specification is based on engine test results that
1.4 Thisspecificationincludesbenchteststhathelpevaluate
generally have been correlated with results obtained on refer-
some aspects of engine oil performance not covered by the
engine tests in this specification.
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
1.5 ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorotherunitsshallbe
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
regarded separately as standard. The values given in parenthe-
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
ses are for information only.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4485 – 03a.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4485–04
1.6 The test procedures referred to in this specification that D 5290 Test Method for Measurement of Oil Consumption,
are not yet standards are listed in Table 1. Piston Deposits, and Wear in a Heavy-Duty High-Speed
Diesel Engine—NTC-400 Procedure
D 5293 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils
TABLE 1 Test Procedures
Between –5 and –35°C Using the Cold-Cranking Simula-
A
Test Procedure ASTM Publications
tor
B
Sequence IIIF RR: D02-1491
D 5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
C
Sequence IVA RR: D02-1473
Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation
...
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