ASTM D1401-02
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
Standard Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a guide for determining the water separation characteristics of oils subject to water contamination and turbulence. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the ability of petroleum oils or synthetic fluids to separate from water.
Note 1—Although developed specifically for steam-turbine oils having viscosities of 28.8-90 cSt (mm2/s) at 40°C, this test method can be used to test oils of other types having various viscosities and synthetic fluids. It is recommended, however, that the test temperature be raised to 82 ± 1°C when testing products more viscous than 90 cSt (mm 2/s) at 40C. For higher viscosity oils where there is insufficient mixing of oil and water, Test Method D 2711, is recommended.
Other test temperatures such as 25°C can also be used.
When testing synthetic fluids whose relative densities are greater than that of water, the procedure is unchanged, but it should be noted that the water will probably float on the emulsion or liquid.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 6.3-6.5.
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Designation:D1401–02
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the ability of 3.1 A test specimen consisting of a 40-mL sample and a
petroleum oils or synthetic fluids to separate from water. 40-mLquantityofdistilledwater(Note3)arestirredfor5min
at54°C(Note1)inagraduatedcylinder.Thetimerequiredfor
NOTE 1—Althoughdevelopedspecificallyforsteam-turbineoilshaving
2 the separation of the emulsion thus formed is recorded either
viscosities of 28.8–90 cSt (mm /s) at 40°C, this test method can be used
after every 5 min or at the specification time limit. If complete
totestoilsofothertypeshavingvariousviscositiesandsyntheticfluids.It
separationoremulsionreductionto3mLorlessdoesnotoccur
isrecommended,however,thatthetesttemperatureberaisedto82 61°C
2
when testing products more viscous than 90 cSt (mm /s) at 40°C. For
afterstandingfor30minorsomeotherspecificationtimelimit,
higher viscosity oils where there is insufficient mixing of oil and water,
the volumes of oil (or fluid), water, and emulsion remaining at
Test Method D2711, is recommended.
the time are reported.
Other test temperatures such as 25°C can also be used.
When testing synthetic fluids whose relative densities are greater than
4. Significance and Use
that of water, the procedure is unchanged, but it should be noted that the
4.1 This test method provides a guide for determining the
water will probably float on the emulsion or liquid.
water separation characteristics of oils subject to water con-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
tamination and turbulence. It is used for specification of new
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Cylinder, 100-mL, graduated from 5 to 100 mL in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6
1.0-mL divisions, made of glass, heat-resistant glass, or a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
chemical equivalent. The inside diameter shall be no less than
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
27 mm and no more than 30 mm throughout its length,
precautionary statements, see 6.3-6.5.
measured from the top to a point 6 mm from the bottom of the
cylinder.The overall height of the cylinder shall be 225 to 260
2. Referenced Documents
mm.Thegraduationshallnotbeinerrorbymorethan1mLat
2.1 ASTM Standards:
any point on the scale.
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
5.2 Heating Bath, sufficiently large and deep to permit the
2
Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
immersionofatleasttwotestcylindersinthebathliquidupto
D1141 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean
their 85-mL graduations. The bath shall be capable of being
3
Water
maintainedatatemperatureof54 61°C(Note1),andshallbe
4
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
fitted with clamps which hold the cylinder in a position so that
D2711 Test Method for Demulsibility Characteristics of
the longitudinal axis of the paddle corresponds to the vertical
2
Lubricating Oils
center line of the cylinder during the stirring operation. The
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
clamps shall hold the cylinder securely while its contents are
5
Petroleum Products
being stirred.
5.3 Stirring Paddle, made of chromium-plated or stainless
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on steel and conforming to the following dimensions:
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
3 1
Length, mm (in.) 120 6 1.5 (4 ⁄4 6 ⁄16)
D02.C0.02 on Corrosion and Water/Air Separability.
3 1
Width, mm (in.) 19 6 0.5 ( ⁄4 6 ⁄64)
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. Originally
1
Thickness, mm (in.) 1.5 ( ⁄16)
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D1401–98.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
5 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Borosilicate glass has been found satisfactory for this purpose.
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