ASTM D5890-02

Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables the evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral in reagent water for estimation of its usefulness for permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners (GCL).
1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia (USP) test method for bentonite.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constant weight at 105 ± 5°C; granular clay mineral should be ground to a 100 % passing a 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 200 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve. The bentonite passing the 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve is used for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 ± 5°C.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2002
• ICS: 17.120.01 - Measurement of fluid flow in general
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.04 - Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5890-01 - Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D5890-06 - Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D6495/D6495M-18(2022) - Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5889/D5889M-18(2022) - Standard Practice for Quality Control of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6141-18(2022) - Standard Guide for Screening Clay Portion and Index Flux of Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) for Chemical Compatibility to Liquids
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5890–02
Standard Test Method for
Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic
1
Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 725 Test Method for Sampling Granular Carriers and
6
Granular Pesticides
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables
2.2 United States Pharmacopeia Standard:
the evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral in
7
USP-NF-XVII Bentonite
reagent water for estimation of its usefulness for permeability
or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners
3. Terminology
(GCL).
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
method,refertoUSPStandardsandASTMdefinitionsforGCL
test method for bentonite.
products.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constant
weight at 105 6 5°C; granular clay mineral should be ground
4. Significance and Use
to a 100 % passing a 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with a
4.1 Clay mineral is a major functional component of GCL
minimum of 65 % passing a 200 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve.
systems that reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial,
The bentonite passing the 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve is
waste, or ground water through the liner.
used for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 6 5°C.
4.2 Claymineralqualitycanvarysignificantlyandeffectthe
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
hydraulic conductivity of the GCLcomposite.This test method
standard.
evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
performance.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 Mortar and Pestle or Laboratory Hammer Mill, for
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
grinding clay mineral to required particle sizing.
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
5.2 U.S. Standard Sieve, 100 mesh, 200 mesh, and auto-
mated sieve shaker.
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Drying Oven, thermostatically controlled, preferably
2.1 ASTM Standards:
forced draft type, meeting requirements of Specification E 145
2
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3 and capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 105 6
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
5°C throughout the drying chamber.
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth and Sieves for Testing
4 5.4 Desiccator, of suitable size containing indicator silica
Purposes
gel. It is preferable to use desiccant which changes color to
E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced
5 indicate when it needs reconstitution.
Ventilation Ovens
5.5 Laboratory Balance, 100-g capacity, 60.01-g accuracy
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
4 and precision.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.6 Weighing Paper, or small weighing dish.
5.7 Glass Cylinder, graduated TC (to contain), Class A
1
volumetrically calibrated, with 1-mL subdivisions and ground
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
glass stopper, high form with approximately 180-mm height
thetic Clay Liners.
from inside base to 100-mL mark.
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally
published as D 5890 - 95. Last previous edition D 5890 - 01.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
3 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.05.
4 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Available from United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., 12601 Twin-
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04. brook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D5890–02
5.8 Wash Bottle, for dispensing reagent water. roll slowly to homogenize the settled clay mineral mass, allow
5.9 Spatula, flat-blade, to dispense clay mineral powder into the graduated cylinder with the hydrating clay mineral to
cylinder; vibrating spatula should not be used since the remainundisturbedforaminimumof16hbeforerecordingthe
delivery quantity may not be adequately controlled. volume of the hydrated clay mass and its temperature.
5.10 Mechanical Ten-Minute Timer. 9.9 After the minimum 16-h hydration p
...