ASTM D6062-07
(Guide)Standard Guide for Personal Samplers of Health-Related Aerosol Fractions
Standard Guide for Personal Samplers of Health-Related Aerosol Fractions
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines conventions for personal samplers of specific particle-size-dependent fractions of any given non-fibrous airborne aerosol. Such samplers are used for assessing health effects and in the setting of and testing for compliance with permissible exposure limits in the workplace and ambient environment. The conventions have been adopted by the International Standards Organization (Technical Report ISO TR 7708), the Comit Europen de Normalisation (CEN Standard EN 481), and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (1). The conventions were developed (2) in part from health-effects studies reviewed (3)by the ACGIH and in part as a compromise between definitions proposed by the ACGIH (3)and by the British Medical Research Council (BMRC) (4). Conventions are given here for inhalable, thoracic, and respirable fractions.
1.2 This guide is complementary to Test Method D 4532, which describes the performance of a particular instrument, the 10-mm cyclone, and operational procedures for use. The procedures, specifically the optimal flow rate, are still valid although the estimated accuracy differs somewhat from use with previous aerosol fraction definitions. Details on this instrument and also the Higgins-Dewell cyclone have recently been published (5-7).
1.3 Limitations:
1.3.1 The definitions given here were adopted by the agencies listed in 1.1 in part on the basis of expected health effects of the different size fractions, but in part allowing for available sampling equipment. The original adoption by CEN was, in fact, for the eventual setting of common standards by the EC countries while permitting the use of a variety of instrumentation. Deviations of the sampling conventions from health-related effects are as follows:
1.3.1.1 The inhalable fraction actually depends on the specific air speed and direction, on the breathing rate, and on whether breathing is by nose or mouth. The values given in the inhalable convention are for representative values of breathing rate and represent averages over all wind directions.
1.3.1.2 The respirable and thoracic fractions vary from individual to individual and with the breathing pattern. The conventions are approximations to the average case.
1.3.1.3 Each convention applies strictly to a fraction penetrating to a region, rather than depositing. Therefore, samples collected according to the conventions may only approximate correlations with biological effects. For example, the respirable convention overestimates the fraction of very small particles deposited in the alveolar region of the respiratory system because some of the particles are actually exhaled without being deposited (8). In many workplaces, these very small particles contribute insignificantly to the sampled mass. Furthermore, the large variability between individuals and the details of clearance may be as important as this type of effect.
1.3.1.4 The thoracic convention applies to mouth breathing, for which aerosol collection is greater than during nose breathing.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D6062–07
Standard Guide for
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Personal Samplers of Health-Related Aerosol Fractions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6062; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope inhalable convention are for representative values of breathing
rate and represent averages over all wind directions.
1.1 This guide defines conventions for personal samplers of
1.3.1.2 The respirable and thoracic fractions vary from
specific particle-size-dependent fractions of any given non-
individual to individual and with the breathing pattern. The
fibrous airborne aerosol. Such samplers are used for assessing
conventions are approximations to the average case.
health effects and in the setting of and testing for compliance
1.3.1.3 Each convention applies strictly to a fraction pen-
with permissible exposure limits in the workplace and ambient
etrating to a region, rather than depositing. Therefore, samples
environment. The conventions have been adopted by the
collected according to the conventions may only approximate
International Standards Organization (Technical Report ISO
correlationswithbiologicaleffects.Forexample,therespirable
TR 7708), the Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN
convention overestimates the fraction of very small particles
Standard EN 481), and the American Conference of Govern-
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deposited in the alveolar region of the respiratory system
mental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (1). The conventions
because some of the particles are actually exhaled without
weredeveloped(2)inpartfromhealth-effectsstudiesreviewed
being deposited (8). In many workplaces, these very small
(3) by the ACGIH and in part as a compromise between
particles contribute insignificantly to the sampled mass. Fur-
definitions proposed by the ACGIH (3) and by the British
thermore, the large variability between individuals and the
MedicalResearchCouncil(BMRC)(4).Conventionsaregiven
details of clearance may be as important as this type of effect.
here for inhalable, thoracic, and respirable fractions.
1.3.1.4 The thoracic convention applies to mouth breathing,
1.2 This guide is complementary to Test Method D4532,
for which aerosol collection is greater than during nose
whichdescribestheperformanceofaparticularinstrument,the
breathing.
10-mm cyclone, and operational procedures for use. The
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
procedures, specifically the optimal flow rate, are still valid
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
although the estimated accuracy differs somewhat from use
only.
with previous aerosol fraction definitions. Details on this
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
instrument and also the Higgins-Dewell cyclone have recently
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
been published (5-7).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 Limitations:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.3.1 The definitions given here were adopted by the agen-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cies listed in 1.1 in part on the basis of expected health effects
of the different size fractions, but in part allowing for available
2. Referenced Documents
sampling equipment. The original adoption by CEN was, in
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
fact, for the eventual setting of common standards by the EC
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
countries while permitting the use of a variety of instrumenta-
Atmospheres
tion. Deviations of the sampling conventions from health-
D4532 Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace
related effects are as follows:
Atmospheres Using Cyclone Samplers
1.3.1.1 The inhalable fraction actually depends on the spe-
2.2 International Standards:
cific air speed and direction, on the breathing rate, and on
ISO TR 7708 Technical Report on Air Quality—Particle
whether breathing is by nose or mouth.The values given in the
Size Fraction Definitions for Health-Related Sampling,
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Brussels, 1993
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality CEN EN 481 Standard on Workplace Atmospheres. Size
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD22.04onWorkplaceAtmospheres.
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originally
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approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D6062M - 96(2001).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/D6062-07. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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The boldface numbers in parentheses refer
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