ASTM C242-12
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
Standard Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology pertains to the terminology used in ceramic whitewares and related products.
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are not included. Included are words that are peculiar to this industry. Double words, hyphenated words, or phrases are listed alphabetically under the first word; additional important words are cross-referenced.
1.3 For definitions of terms relating to surface imperfections on ceramics, refer to Terminology .
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Designation:C242–12
Standard Terminology of
1
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope absorbance—the logarithm of that fraction of an incident light
beam that is dissipated in the sample, being neither trans-
1.1 This terminology pertains to the terminology used in
mitted nor reflected.
ceramic whitewares and related products.
absorbed moisture—water held mechanically in the material
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are
and having physical properties not substantially different
not included. Included are words that are peculiar to this
from ordinary water at the same temperature and pressure.
industry. Double words, hyphenated words, or phrases are
absorption—(1) the relationship of the weight of the water
listed alphabetically under the first word; additional important
absorbed by a ceramic specimen, subjected to prescribed
words are cross-referenced.
immersion procedure, to the weight of the dry specimen.
1.3 For definitions of terms relating to surface imperfec-
(2) the capacity of a substance to take up a substance,
tions on ceramics, refer to Terminology E109.
usually a liquid or gas, with the formation of an apparently
2. Referenced Documents homogeneous mixture.
2
adsorption—the capacity of a substance to accept and retain
2.1 ASTM Standards:
on its surface a layer of another substance, usually a gas or
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
3
a liquid.
E109 MethodforDryPowderMagneticParticleInspection
agglomerate—a jumbled mass or collection of two or more
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
particles or aggregates, or a combination thereof, held
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
3
together by relatively weak cohesive forces caused by weak
cialty Chemicals
chemical bonding or an electrostatic surface charge gener-
F465 Recommended Practice for Developing Precision and
ated by handling or processing.
Accuracy Data onASTM Method for theAnalysis of Meat
3
and Meat Products
DISCUSSION—Common usage in powder technology (and British
4
2.2 British Standard:
Standard BS 2955) has the terms “aggregate” and “agglomerate”
interchanged in meaning from the definitions presented here, and care
BS 2955 Glossary of Terms Relating to Powders
must be taken to determine in context which definition is in use.
3. Terminology
aggregate—a dense mass of particles held together by strong
absolute or true density—See absolute or true density under
intermolecular or atomic cohesive forces that is stable to
density.
normal mixing techniques, including high-speed stirring and
ultrasonics.
alumina porcelain—See alumina porcelain under porcelain.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on
alumina whiteware—See alumina whiteware under ceramic
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee C21.01 on Editorial and Teminology. whiteware.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally
andalusite—a polymorph, along with sillimanite and kyanite,
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C242 – 01 (2007).
of composition Al O ·SiO which on firing dissociates to
2 3 2
DOI: 10.1520/C0242-12.
2
yield principally mullite.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
apparent or pycnometric density—See apparent or pycnomet-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ric density under density.
the ASTM website.
3 apparent porosity—See apparent porosity under porosity.
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org. average particle size—a single value representing the entire
4
Available from British Standards Institute, 2 Park St., London, England
particle-size distribution.
W1A 2B5.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C242–12
DISCUSSION—It is essential to specify the basis under which the
cassiterite (SnO )—an inorganic mineral of the tetragonal
2
average is obtained.
form used as a source of tin and tin oxide.
casting—a process for forming ceramic ware by introducing a
b
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C242–01 (Reapproved 2007) Designation:C242–12
Standard Terminology of
1
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology pertains to the terminology used in ceramic whitewares and related products.
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are not included. Included are words that are peculiar to this industry.
Double words, hyphenated words, or phrases are listed alphabetically under the first word; additional important words are
cross-referenced.
1.3 For definitions of terms relating to surface imperfections on ceramics, refer to Terminology E109.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
3
E109 Method for Dry Powder Magnetic Particle Inspection
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision ofASTM Methods forAnalysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
F465 Recommended Practice for Developing Precision and Accuracy Data on ASTM Method for the Analysis of Meat and
3
Meat Products
3
2.2 British Standard:
BS 2955 Glossary of Terms Relating to Powders
3. Terminology
absolute or true density—See absolute or true density under density.
absorbance—the logarithm of that fraction of an incident light beam that is dissipated in the sample, being neither transmitted nor
reflected.
absorbed moisture—water held mechanically in the material and having physical properties not substantially different from
ordinary water at the same temperature and pressure.
absorption—(1) the relationship of the weight of the water absorbed by a ceramic specimen, subjected to prescribed immersion
procedure, to the weight of the dry specimen.
(2) the capacity of a substance to take up a substance, usually a liquid or gas, with the formation of an apparently
homogeneous mixture.
adsorption—the capacity of a substance to accept and retain on its surface a layer of another substance, usually a gas or a liquid.
agglomerate—a jumbled mass or collection of two or more particles or aggregates, or a combination thereof, held together by
relatively weak cohesive forces caused by weak chemical bonding or an electrostatic surface charge generated by handling or
processing.
DISCUSSION—Common usage in powder technology (and British Standard BS 2955) has the terms “aggregate” and “agglomerate” interchanged in
meaning from the definitions presented here, and care must be taken to determine in context which definition is in use.
aggregate—a dense mass of particles held together by strong intermolecular or atomic cohesive forces that is stable to normal
mixing techniques, including high-speed stirring and ultrasonics.
alumina porcelain—See alumina porcelain under porcelain.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.01 on Editorial and Teminology.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C242–01. DOI:
10.1520/C0242-01R07.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C242 – 01 (2007). DOI:
10.1520/C0242-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from British Standards Institute, 2 Park St., London, England W1A 2B5.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C242–12
alumina whiteware—See alumina whiteware under ceramic whiteware.
andalusite—a polymorph, along with sillimanite and kyanite, of composition Al O ·SiO which on firing dissociates to yield
2 3 2
principally mullite.
apparent or pycnometric density—See apparent or pycnometric density under density.
apparent porosity—See apparent porosity under porosity.
average particle size—a single value representing the entire particle-size distribution.
DISCUSSION—It is essential to specify the basis und
...
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