ASTM B977/B977M-19

Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Ingots

ABSTRACT
This specification covers titanium and titanium alloy ingots. The chemical requirements and permissible variations in product analysis are specified. This standard does not claim to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers titanium and titanium alloy ingots as follows:  
1.1.1 Grade 1—UNS R50250. Unalloyed titanium,  
1.1.2 Grade 2—UNS R50400. Unalloyed titanium,  
1.1.3 Grade 3—UNS R50550. Unalloyed titanium,  
1.1.4 Grade 4—UNS R50700. Unalloyed titanium,  
1.1.5 Grade 5—UNS R56400. Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium),  
1.1.6 Grade 6—UNS R54520. Titanium alloy (5 % aluminum, 2.5 % tin),  
1.1.7 Grade 7—UNS R52400. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 % palladium,  
1.1.8 Grade 9—UNS R56320. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium),  
1.1.9 Grade 11—UNS R52250. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 % palladium,  
1.1.10 Grade 12—UNS R53400. Titanium alloy (0.3 % molybdenum, 0.8 % nickel),  
1.1.11 Grade 13—UNS R53413. Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 % ruthenium),  
1.1.12 Grade 14—UNS R53414. Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 % ruthenium),  
1.1.13 Grade 15—UNS R53415. Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 % ruthenium),  
1.1.14 Grade 16—UNS R52402. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,  
1.1.15 Grade 17—UNS R52252. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,  
1.1.16 Grade 18—UNS R56322. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,  
1.1.17 Grade 19—UNS R58640. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 8 % vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 % molybdenum),  
1.1.18 Grade 20—UNS R58645. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 8 % vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 % molybdenum) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,  
1.1.19 Grade 21—UNS R58210. Titanium alloy (15 % molybdenum, 3 % aluminum, 2.7 % niobium, 0.25 % silicon),  
1.1.20 Grade 23—UNS R56407. Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium with extra low interstitials, ELI),  
1.1.21 Grade 24—UNS R56405. Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium) plus 0.4 to 0.8 % palladium,  
1.1.22 Grade 25—UNS R56403. Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium) plus 0.3 to 0.8 % nickel and 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,  
1.1.23 Grade 26—UNS R56404. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,  
1.1.24 Grade 27—UNS R52254. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,  
1.1.25 Grade 28—UNS R56323. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium) plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,  
1.1.26 Grade 29—UNS R56404. Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium, extra low interstitial elements, ELI) plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,  
1.1.27 Grade 30—UNS R53530. Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 % palladium),  
1.1.28 Grade 31—UNS R53532. Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 % palladium),  
1.1.29 Grade 32—UNS R55111. Titanium alloy (5 % aluminum, 1 % tin, 1 % zirconium, 1 % vanadium, 0.8 % molybdenum),  
1.1.30 Grade 33—UNS R53442. Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 % palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium),  
1.1.31 Grade 34—UNS R53445. Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 % palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium),  
1.1.32 Grade 35—UNS R56340. Titanium alloy (4.5 % aluminum, 2 % molybdenum, 1.6 % vanadium, 0.5 % iron, 0.3 % silicon),  
1.1.33 Grade 36—UNS R58450. Titanium alloy (45 % niobium),  
1.1.34 Grade 37—UNS R52815. Titanium alloy (1.5 % aluminum),  
1.1.35 Grade 38—UNS R54250. Titanium alloy (4 % aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium, 1.5 % iron), and  
1.1.36 Grade 39—UNS R53390. Titanium alloy (0.25 % iron, 0.4 % silicon).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following caveat pertains only to the test method portions of this speci...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2019
• ICS: 77.120.50 - Titanium and titanium alloys
• Technical Committee: B10 - Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys
• Drafting Committee: B10.01 - Titanium

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E539-19 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Titanium Alloys by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019
• Refers: ASTM E178-16 - Standard Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2016
• Refers: ASTM E539-11 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Titanium Alloys by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Refers: ASTM E1941-10 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by Combustion Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010
• Refers: ASTM E1447-09 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Refers: ASTM E178-08 - Standard Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Refers: ASTM E29-08 - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Refers: ASTM E1409-08 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Technique
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2008
• Refers: ASTM E539-07 - Standard Test Method for X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometric Analysis of 6Al-4V Titanium Alloy
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2007
• Refers: ASTM E539-06 - Standard Test Method for X-Ray Emission Spectrometric Analysis of 6Al-4V Titanium Alloy
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2006
• Refers: ASTM E29-06b - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2006
• Refers: ASTM E29-06a - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2006
• Refers: ASTM E29-06 - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 01-May-2006
• Refers: ASTM E1409-05 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Technique
• Effective Date: 01-May-2005
• Refers: ASTM E1447-05 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method
• Effective Date: 01-May-2005

Overview

ASTM B977/B977M-19: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Ingots is a key international standard developed by ASTM International, covering the requirements for titanium and titanium alloy ingots. This specification outlines essential parameters such as chemical composition, permissible variations in product analysis, ordering information, and required manufacturing and packaging practices for ingots produced for further processing into a variety of mill products. The standard applies to a broad range of grades, ensuring high-quality, consistent titanium materials for critical applications.

Key Topics

• Scope and Grades:

  • Defines 36 recognized grades of titanium and titanium alloys, each with specific chemical composition requirements.
  • Covers unalloyed titanium (Grades 1-4) and multiple alloyed compositions (such as Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-3Al-2.5V, and others with additive elements such as palladium, ruthenium, nickel, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt, tin, and zirconium).
  • Each grade is designated by both a grade number and a Universal Numbering System (UNS) code.

• Production and Melting Methods:

  • Allows several production methods, including double or triple vacuum arc melting, electron beam, and plasma arc cold hearth melting techniques.
  • The chosen melting process must be documented in the certification.

• Chemical Analysis and Product Verification:

  • Prescribes chemical requirements and permissible variations for each allowed element, using referenced ASTM test methods.
  • Requires routine product analysis at the top and bottom of each ingot for key elements.
  • Outlines product check analysis and methods for retest and resampling in case of discrepancies.

• Ordering and Certification:

  • Specifies information that must be included in purchase orders, such as grade, size, weight, surface condition, and applicable year of the ASTM standard.
  • Requires detailed certification to accompany each shipment, documenting melt methods and test results.

• Inspection, Rejection, and Marking:

  • Provides guidelines for inspection, rejection, and dispute resolution between manufacturers and purchasers.
  • Mandates clear marking of ingots and packaging for traceability.

• Units of Measure:

  • Supports both SI and inch-pound units, but mandates the use of only one system per order to ensure compliance.

Applications

Titanium and titanium alloy ingots produced according to ASTM B977/B977M-19 are foundational materials used in:

• Aerospace: Aircraft components, engine parts, and structural applications where strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance are critical.
• Medical Devices: Production of bio-compatible medical implants and instruments.
• Chemical Processing: Equipment components requiring high corrosion resistance to aggressive media.
• Marine and Offshore: Manufacturing of parts for ships, submarines, and offshore platforms requiring durability in harsh environments.
• Industrial Manufacturing: Further conversion into bars, plates, rods, and other mill products for automotive, energy, and high-performance engineering uses.

Related Standards

• ASTM E29: Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications.
• ASTM E178: Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations.
• ASTM E539, E1409, E1447, E1941, E2371, E2994: Test methods for chemical analysis of titanium and titanium alloys.
• Other relevant materials standards and product specifications depending on downstream finished goods (e.g., ASTM F136, ASTM B348 for titanium mill products).

---

By adhering to ASTM B977/B977M-19, manufacturers and purchasers ensure consistent quality, traceability, and performance in titanium and titanium alloy ingots, meeting the stringent demands of modern, high-reliability industries. This standard is essential for anyone involved in the supply chain of titanium materials, from primary production through to finished component manufacturing.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:B977/B977M −19
Standard Specification for
Titanium and Titanium Alloy Ingots
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B977/B977M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.1.19 Grade 21—UNS R58210. Titanium alloy (15 %
molybdenum, 3 % aluminum, 2.7 % niobium, 0.25 % silicon),
1.1 This specification covers titanium and titanium alloy
1.1.20 Grade 23—UNS R56407. Titanium alloy (6 %
ingots as follows:
aluminum, 4 % vanadium with extra low interstitials, ELI),
1.1.1 Grade 1—UNS R50250. Unalloyed titanium,
1.1.21 Grade 24—UNS R56405. Titanium alloy (6 %
1.1.2 Grade 2—UNS R50400. Unalloyed titanium,
aluminum, 4 % vanadium) plus 0.4 to 0.8 % palladium,
1.1.3 Grade 3—UNS R50550. Unalloyed titanium,
1.1.4 Grade 4—UNS R50700. Unalloyed titanium, 1.1.22 Grade 25—UNS R56403. Titanium alloy (6 %
1.1.5 Grade 5—UNS R56400. Titanium alloy (6 %
aluminum, 4 % vanadium) plus 0.3 to 0.8 % nickel and 0.04 to
aluminum, 4 % vanadium), 0.08 % palladium,
1.1.6 Grade 6—UNS R54520. Titanium alloy (5 %
1.1.23 Grade 26—UNS R56404. Unalloyed titanium plus
aluminum, 2.5 % tin),
0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,
1.1.7 Grade 7—UNS R52400. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12
1.1.24 Grade 27—UNS R52254. Unalloyed titanium plus
to 0.25 % palladium,
0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,
1.1.8 Grade 9—UNS R56320. Titanium alloy (3 %
1.1.25 Grade 28—UNS R56323. Titanium alloy (3 %
aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium),
aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium) plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,
1.1.9 Grade 11—UNS R52250. Unalloyed titanium plus
1.1.26 Grade 29—UNS R56404. Titanium alloy (6 %
0.12 to 0.25 % palladium,
aluminum, 4 % vanadium, extra low interstitial elements, ELI)
1.1.10 Grade 12—UNS R53400. Titanium alloy (0.3 %
plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,
molybdenum, 0.8 % nickel),
1.1.27 Grade 30—UNS R53530. Titanium alloy (0.3 %
1.1.11 Grade 13—UNS R53413. Titanium alloy (0.5 %
cobalt, 0.05 % palladium),
nickel, 0.05 % ruthenium),
1.1.28 Grade 31—UNS R53532. Titanium alloy (0.3 %
1.1.12 Grade 14—UNS R53414. Titanium alloy (0.5 %
cobalt, 0.05 % palladium),
nickel, 0.05 % ruthenium),
1.1.13 Grade 15—UNS R53415. Titanium alloy (0.5 % 1.1.29 Grade 32—UNS R55111. Titanium alloy (5 %
nickel, 0.05 % ruthenium),
aluminum, 1 % tin, 1 % zirconium, 1 % vanadium, 0.8 %
1.1.14 Grade 16—UNS R52402. Unalloyed titanium plus molybdenum),
0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,
1.1.30 Grade 33—UNS R53442. Titanium alloy (0.4 %
1.1.15 Grade 17—UNS R52252. Unalloyed titanium plus
nickel, 0.015 % palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 %
0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,
chromium),
1.1.16 Grade 18—UNS R56322. Titanium alloy (3 %
1.1.31 Grade 34—UNS R53445. Titanium alloy (0.4 %
aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,
nickel, 0.015 % palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 %
1.1.17 Grade 19—UNS R58640. Titanium alloy (3 %
chromium),
aluminum, 8 % vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 %
1.1.32 Grade 35—UNS R56340. Titanium alloy (4.5 %
molybdenum),
aluminum, 2 % molybdenum, 1.6 % vanadium, 0.5 % iron,
1.1.18 Grade 20—UNS R58645. Titanium alloy (3 %
0.3 % silicon),
aluminum, 8 % vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 %
1.1.33 Grade 36—UNS R58450. Titanium alloy (45 %
molybdenum) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,
niobium),
1.1.34 Grade 37—UNS R52815. Titanium alloy (1.5 %
aluminum),
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on
Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of 1.1.35 Grade 38—UNS R54250. Titanium alloy (4 %
Subcommittee B10.01 on Titanium.
aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium, 1.5 % iron), and
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
1.1.36 Grade 39—UNS R53390. Titanium alloy (0.25 %
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as B977 – 13.
DOI:10.1520/B0977_B0977M-19. iron, 0.4 % silicon).
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B977/B977M−19
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 4.1.1 Grade number (1.1),
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in 4.1.2 Nominal weight in the unit system regarded as stan-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each dard (inch-pound or SI),
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining 4.1.3 Nominal size (width and gauge or diameter, length) in
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance the unit system regarded as standard (inch-pound or SI),
with the standard. 4.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue.
1.3 The following caveat pertains only to the test method
4.2 Orders for material under this specification may include
portions of this specification: This standard does not purport to
(at the discretion of the purchaser) the following additional
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
information:
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
4.2.1 Method of manufacture (5.1),
establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental prac-
4.2.2 Surface condition (7.1 and 7.2),
tices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
4.2.3 Product analysis (6.2),
prior to use.
4.2.4 Additional chemical analysis (6.1.3),
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.2.5 Requirements for purchaser inspection/witness (11.1),
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.2.6 Packaging (Section 15).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Materials and Manufacture
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Materials covered by this specification are produced by
one of the following methods:
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.1 double vacuum arc melting,
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.1.2 triple vacuum arc melting,
5.1.3 electron beam cold hearth melting followed by
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications vacuum arc melting,
5.1.4 plasma arc cold hearth melting followed by vacuum
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
E539 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium Alloys by arc melting,
5.1.5 electron beam cold hearth melting,
Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
E1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitro- 5.1.6 plasma arc cold hearth melting, or
5.1.7 other melting process as agreed upon by the purchaser
gen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion
E1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Tita- and producer.
nium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion Thermal
5.2 The melting method used to produce the ingot shall be
Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method
reported to the purchaser on the certification.
E1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refrac-
5.3 The melting method shall be at the discretion of the
tory and Reactive Metals andTheirAlloys by Combustion
producer, unless specified in the purchase order.
Analysis
E2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium
6. Chemical Composition
Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled
6.1 The chemistry of titanium and titanium alloy ingot
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-
covered by this specification shall conform to the requirements
Based Test Methodology)
for the specified grade as prescribed in Table 1.
E2994 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium
6.1.1 The elements listed for each grade in Table 1 are
AlloysbySparkAtomicEmissionSpectrometryandGlow
intentional alloy additions or elements that are inherent to the
Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-
manufacture of titanium sponge or ingot.
Based Method)
6.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt, including
additions made via revert additions, must be identified, ana-
3. Terminology
lyzedandreportedinthechemicalanalysis.Elementsnotlisted
3.1 Lot Definitions:
in Table 1 for the specified grade shall not be required.
3.2 ingot, n—a quantity of metal cast into a shape suitable
6.1.3 When agreed upon by the producer and purchaser and
for subsequent processing to various mill products.
requested by the purchaser in the written purchase order,
chemical analysis shall be completed for specific elements not
4. Ordering Information
listed in this specification.
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
6.2 The chemical analysis shall normally be conducted
the following information as required to describe adequately
using theASTM standard test methods referenced in 2.1. Other
the desired material:
industry standard methods may be used where the ASTM test
methods in 2.1 do not adequately cover the elements in the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or material or by other methods acceptable to the purchaser.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.3 Product Check Analysis—Product check analysis is an
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. analysis made by or for the purchaser for the purpose of
B977/B977M−19
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
A,B,C,D
Chemical Composition (Weight %)
Other Other
O Fe
UNS C N H Elements Elements
Grade range or range or Al V Pd Ru Ni Mo Cr Co Zr Nb Sn Si
E
Number max max max max, max,
max max
each total
1 R50250 0.08 0.18 0.03 0.003 0.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
2 R50400 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.003 0.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
3 R50550 0.08 0.35 0.05 0.003 0.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
4 R50700 0.08 0.40 0.05 0.003 0.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
5 R56400 0.08 0.05 0.003 5.5- 3.5- . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.20 0.40
6.75 4.5
6 R54520 0.08 0.03 0.003 4.0- . . . . . . . . . 2.0- . 0.1 0.4
0.20 0.50
6.0 3.0
7 R52400 0.08 0.03 0.003 . . 0.12- . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.25 0.30
0.25
9 R56320 0.08 0.03 0.003 2.5- 2.0- . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.15 0.25
3.5 3.0
11 R52250 0.08 0.03 0.003 . . 0.12- . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.18 0.20
0.25
12 R53400 0.08 0.03 0.003 . . . . 0.6- 0.2- . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.25 0.30
0.9 0.4
13 R53413 0.08 0.03 0.003 . . . 0.04- 0.4- . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.10 0.20
0.06 0.6
14 R53414 0.08 0.03 0.003 . . . 0.04- 0.4- . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.15 0.30
0.06 0.6
15 R53415 0.08 0.05 0.003 . . . 0.04- 0.4- . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.25 0.30
0.06 0.6
16 R52402 0.08 0.03 0.003 . . 0.04- . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.25 0.30
0.08
17 R52252 0.08 0.03 0.003 . . 0.04- . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.18 0.20
0.08
18 R56322 0.08 0.03 0.003 2.5- 2.0- 0.04- . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.15 0.25
3.5 3.0 0.08
19 R58640 0.05 0.03 0.003 3.0- 7.5- . . . 3.5- 5.5- . 3.5- . . . 0.15 0.4
0.12 0.30
4.0 8.5 4.5 6.5 4.5
20 R58645 0.05 0.03 0.003 3.0- 7.5- 0.04- . . 3.5- 5.5- . 3.5- . . . 0.15 0.4
0.12 0.30
4.0 8.5 0.08 4.5 6.5 4.5
21 R58210 0.05 0.03 0.003 2.5- . . . . 14.0- . . . 2.2- . 0.15- 0.1 0.4
0.17 0.40
3.5 16.0 3.2 0.25
23 R56407 0.08 0.03 0.003 5.5- 3.5- . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.13 0.25
6.5 4.5
24 R56405 0.08 0.05 0.003 5.5- 3.5- 0.04- . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.20 0.40
6.75 4.5 0.08
25 R56403 0.08 0.05 0.003 5.5- 3.5- 0.04- . 0.3- . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.20 0.40
6.75 4.5 0.08 0.8
26 R52404 0.08 0.03 0.003 . . . 0.08- . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.25 0.30
0.14
27 R52254 0.08 0.03 0.003 . . . 0.08- . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.18 0.20
0.14
28 R56323 0.08 0.03 0.003 2.5- 2.0- . 0.08- . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.15 0.25
3.5 3.0 0.14
29 R56404 0.08 0.03 0.003 5.5- 3.5- . 0.08- . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.13 0.25
6.5 4.5 0.14
30 R53530 0.08 0.03 0.003 . . 0.04- . . . . 0.20- . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.25 0.30
0.08 0.80
31 R53532 0.08 0.05 0.003 . . 0.04- . . . . 0.20- . . . . 0.1 0.4
0.35 0.30
0.08 0.80
B977/B977M−19
TABLE1 Continued
A,B,C,D
Chemical Composition (Weight %)
Other Other
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B977 − 13 B977/B977M − 19
Standard Specification for
Titanium and Titanium Alloy Ingots
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B977;B977/B977M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers titanium and titanium alloy ingots as follows:
1.1.1 Grade 1—UNS R50250. Unalloyed titanium,
1.1.2 Grade 2—UNS R50400. Unalloyed titanium,
1.1.3 Grade 3—UNS R50550. Unalloyed titanium,
1.1.4 Grade 4—UNS R50700. Unalloyed titanium,
1.1.5 Grade 5—UNS R56400. Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium),
1.1.6 Grade 6—UNS R54520. Titanium alloy (5 % aluminum, 2.5 % tin),
1.1.7 Grade 7—UNS R52400. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 % palladium,
1.1.8 Grade 9—UNS R56320. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium),
1.1.9 Grade 11—UNS R52250. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 % palladium,
1.1.10 Grade 12—UNS R53400. Titanium alloy (0.3 % molybdenum, 0.8 % nickel),
1.1.11 Grade 13—UNS R53413. Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 % ruthenium),
1.1.12 Grade 14—UNS R53414. Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 % ruthenium),
1.1.13 Grade 15—UNS R53415. Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 % ruthenium),
1.1.14 Grade 16—UNS R52402. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,
1.1.15 Grade 17—UNS R52252. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,
1.1.16 Grade 18—UNS R56322. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,
1.1.17 Grade 19—UNS R58640. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 8 % vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 %
molybdenum),
1.1.18 Grade 20—UNS R58645. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 8 % vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 %
molybdenum) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,
1.1.19 Grade 21—UNS R58210. Titanium alloy (15 % molybdenum, 3 % aluminum, 2.7 % niobium, 0.25 % silicon),
1.1.20 Grade 23—UNS R56407. Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium with extra low interstitials, ELI),
1.1.21 Grade 24—UNS R56405. Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium) plus 0.4 to 0.8 % palladium,
1.1.22 Grade 25—UNS R56403. Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium) plus 0.3 to 0.8 % nickel and 0.04 to 0.08 %
palladium,
1.1.23 Grade 26—UNS R56404. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,
1.1.24 Grade 27—UNS R52254. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,
1.1.25 Grade 28—UNS R56323. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium) plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,
1.1.26 Grade 29—UNS R56404. Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium, extra low interstitial elements, ELI) plus 0.08
to 0.14 % ruthenium,
1.1.27 Grade 30—UNS R53530. Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 % palladium),
1.1.28 Grade 31—UNS R53532. Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 % palladium),
1.1.29 Grade 32—UNS R55111. Titanium alloy (5 % aluminum, 1 % tin, 1 % zirconium, 1 % vanadium, 0.8 % molybdenum),
1.1.30 Grade 33—UNS R53442. Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 % palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium),
1.1.31 Grade 34—UNS R53445. Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 % palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium),
1.1.32 Grade 35—UNS R56340. Titanium alloy (4.5 % aluminum, 2 % molybdenum, 1.6 % vanadium, 0.5 % iron, 0.3 %
silicon),
1.1.33 Grade 36—UNS R58450. Titanium alloy (45 % niobium),
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B10.01 on Titanium.
Current edition approved July 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2019. Published August 2013November 2019. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved inn 2011in 2013
as B977B977 – 13. – 11. DOI:10.1520/B0977-13.DOI:10.1520/B0977_B0977M-19.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B977/B977M − 19
1.1.34 Grade 37—UNS R52815. Titanium alloy (1.5 % aluminum), and
1.1.35 Grade 38—UNS R54250. Titanium alloy (4 % aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium, 1.5 % iron).iron), and
1.1.36 Grade 39—UNS R53390. Titanium alloy (0.25 % iron, 0.4 % silicon).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 The following caveat pertains only to the test method portions of this specification: This standard does not purport to
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
E539 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium Alloys by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
E1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion
E1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion Thermal
Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method
E1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by Combustion Analysis
E2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Test Methodology)
E2626E2994 Guide Test Method for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive and Refractory MetalsTitanium and Titanium Alloys
by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Method)
(Withdrawn 2017)
3. Terminology
3.1 Lot Definitions:
3.2 ingot, n—a quantity of metal cast into a shape suitable for subsequent processing to various mill products.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information as required to describe adequately the
desired material:
4.1.1 Grade number (1.1),
4.1.2 Nominal weight in the unit system regarded as standard (inch-pound or SI),
4.1.3 Nominal size (width and gauge or diameter, length) in the unit system regarded as standard (inch-pound or SI),
4.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue.
4.2 Orders for material under this specification may include (at the discretion of the purchaser) the following additional
information:
4.2.1 Method of manufacture (5.1),
4.2.2 Surface condition (7.1 and 7.2),
4.2.3 Product analysis (6.2),
4.2.4 Additional chemical analysis (6.1.3),
4.2.5 Requirements for purchaser inspection/witness (11.1), and
4.2.6 Packaging (Section 15).
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Materials covered by this specification are produced by one of the following methods:
5.1.1 double vacuum arc melting,
5.1.2 triple vacuum arc melting,
5.1.3 electron beam cold hearth melting followed by vacuum arc melting,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
B977/B977M − 19
5.1.4 plasma arc cold hearth melting followed by vacuum arc melting,
5.1.5 electron beam cold hearth melting,
5.1.6 plasma arc cold hearth melting, or
5.1.7 other melting process as agreed upon by the purchaser and producer.
5.2 The melting method used to produce the ingot shall be reported to the purchaser on the certification.
5.3 The melting method shall be at the discretion of the producer, unless specified in the purchase order.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The chemistry of titanium and titanium alloy ingot covered by this specification shall conform to the requirements for the
specified grade as prescribed in Table 1.
6.1.1 The elements listed for each grade in Table 1 are intentional alloy additions or elements that are inherent to the
manufacture of titanium sponge or ingot.
6.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt, including additions made via revert additions, must be identified, analyzed and
reported in the chemical analysis. Elements not listed in Table 1 for the specified grade shall not be required.
6.1.3 When agreed upon by the producer and purchaser and requested by the purchaser in the written purchase order, chemical
analysis shall be completed for specific elements not listed in this specification.
6.2 The chemical analysis shall normally be conducted using the ASTM standard test methods referenced in 2.1. Other industry
standard methods may be used where the ASTM test methods in 2.1 do not adequately cover the elements in the material or by
other methods acceptable to the purchaser. Alternate techniques are discussed in Guide E2626.
6.3 Product Check Analysis—Product check analysis is an analysis made by or for the purchaser for the purpose of verifying
the composition of the ingot. The check analysis tolerances reflect the variation between laboratories in the measurement of
chemical composition. The permissible variation in the product check analysis from the specified range is as prescribed in Table
2.
7. Condition
7.1 Surface Finish—The surface finish shall be at the discretion of the producer, unless specified in the purchase order.
7.2 When specified, the ingots shall be conditioned on the surface to standards agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
purchaser.
7.3 Titanium and titanium alloy ingots shall be free of imperfections that would be deemed injurious by the standards of
acceptability agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
7.3.1 The manufacturer shall be permitted to remove minor surface imperfections. Surface imperfections may be removed up
to 1 in. (25 mm)[25 mm] deep from the ingot surface. Areas adjacent to the imperfection shall be blended smoothly into the ingot
surface at a slope not less than 3:1.
8. Retest
8.1 If any sample or specimen exhibits obvious contamination, improper preparation, or flaws disqualifying it as a representative
sample, it shall be discarded and a new sample or specimen substituted.
8.2 If the results of any test are not in conformance with the requirements of this specification, the original sample from the ingot
may be retested or the ingot may be re-sampled and tested.
8.2.1 If the original ingot sample is retested, the frequency of the retest will be at least double the initial number of tests. The
retests will be compared to the original value to determine if the original value is an outlier in accordance with Practice E178. If
it is an outlier the retest values will be averaged and the averaged retest values reported. If it is not an outlier all the values will
be averaged and the averages of all of the tests become the test value reported. If the averaged value reported conforms to the
specification, then they become the test values for certification.
8.2.2 The manufacturer may resample the ingot at the non-conforming location(s) in a different area at the same axial location.
The frequency of the resample will be at least double the initial number of tests. If the results of the resample conform to the
specification, then the resample values become the test values for certification.
8.3 The manufacturer may scalp or crop the ingot to remove nonconforming material then sample the remaining ingot
position(s). The ingot shall be acceptable if all results of the tests on the ingot conform to this specification.
9. Sampling
9.1 Samples for chemical analyses shall be representative of the material being tested. The utmost care must be used in sampling
titanium for chemical analysis because of its great affinity for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. Therefore in
cutting samples for analysis, the operation should be carried out insofar as possible in a dust-free atmosphere. Chips should be
collected from clean metal and tools should be clean and sharp. Samples for analysis should be stored in suitable containers.
B977/B977M − 19
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
A,B,C,D
Chemical Composition (Weig
...