ASTM C311/C311M-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Specification C618 or Specification C1697. These test methods are based on standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intended to simulate job conditions.
4.1.1 Strength Activity Index—The test for strength activity index is used to determine whether fly ash or natural pozzolan results in an acceptable level of strength development when used with hydraulic cement in concrete. Since the test is performed with mortar, the results may not provide a direct correlation of how the fly ash or natural pozzolan will contribute to strength in concrete.
4.1.2 Chemical Tests—The chemical component determinations and the limits placed on each do not predict the performance of a fly ash or natural pozzolan with hydraulic cement in concrete, but collectively help describe composition and uniformity of the material.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in portland-cement concrete.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
Sections
Sampling
7
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Reagents and apparatus
10
Moisture content
11 and 12
Loss on ignition
13 and 14
Silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, sodium oxide
and potassium oxide
15
Available alkali
16 and 17
Ammonia
18
PHYSICAL TESTS
Density
19
Fineness
20
Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars
21-23
Soundness
24
Air-entrainment of mortar
25 and 26
Strength activity index with portland cement
27-30
Water requirement
31
Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in
Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions
32
Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in
Contributing to Sulfate Resistance
34
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.Note 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification D1426. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
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Designation: C311/C311M − 13
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use
1
in Portland-Cement Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C311/C311M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-
1. Scope*
fication E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and
information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
testing fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
portland-cement concrete.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order: responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
Sections
Sampling 7
that provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-
CHEMICALANALYSIS
notes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as
Reagents and apparatus 10
requirements of this standard.
Moisture content 11 and 12
Loss on ignition 13 and 14
Silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, calcium
2. Referenced Documents
oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, sodium
2
oxide
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and potassium oxide 15
C33Specification for Concrete Aggregates
Available alkali 16 and 17
Ammonia 18 C109/C109MTest Method for Compressive Strength of
PHYSICAL TESTS
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
Density 19
Specimens)
Fineness 20
Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars 21-23
C114Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
Soundness 24
Cement
Air-entrainment of mortar 25 and 26
C125Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
Strength activity index with portland cement 27-30
Water requirement 31 gregates
Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in
C150Specification for Portland Cement
Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions 32
C151Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic
Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in
Contributing to Sulfate Resistance 34
Cement
C157/C157MTest Method for Length Change of Hardened
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C185Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Mortar
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
C188Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
C204Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Air-Permeability Apparatus
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
C219Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
with the standard.
C226Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in
the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesand are the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
2
tee C09.24 on Supplementary Cementitious Materials. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013. Published March 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C311–11b. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0311_C0311M-13. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C311/C311M − 13
C227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of 4. Significance and Use
Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
4.1 These test methods are used to develop data for com-
C430Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the
parison with the requirements of Specification C618 or Speci-
45-µm (No. 325) Sieve
fication C1697. These test methods are based on standardized
C441Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground
testing in the laboratory and are not intended to simulate job
Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Expansion of
conditions.
Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction
4.1.1 St
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C311 − 11b C311/C311M − 13
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use
1
in Portland-Cement Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C311;C311/C311M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in
portland-cement concrete.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
Sections
Sampling 7
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Reagents and apparatus 10
Moisture content 11 and 12
Loss on ignition 13 and 14
Silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, calcium
oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, sodium
oxide
and potassium oxide 15
Available alkali 16 and 17
Ammonia 18
PHYSICAL TESTS
Density 19
Fineness 20
Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars 21-23
Soundness 24
Air-entrainment of mortar 25 and 26
Strength activity index with portland cement 27-30
Water requirement 31
Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in
Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions 32
Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in
Contributing to Sulfate Resistance 34
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
parentheses are provided for information purposes only. stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification D1426. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information
only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.24
on Supplementary Cementitious Materials.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011Feb. 1, 2013. Published January 2012March 2013. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as
C311–11a.–11b. DOI: 10.1520/C0311-11b.10.1520/C0311-13.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C311/C311M − 13
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
C204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
C227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
C430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-μm (No. 325) Sieve
C441 Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete
Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction
C604 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
C618 Specification for
...
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