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ASTM E751-07

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Resistance Spot-Welding

Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Resistance Spot-Welding

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The AE produced during the production of a spot-weld can be related to weld quality parameters such as the strength and size of the nugget, the amount of expulsion, and the amount of cracking. Therefore, in-process AE monitoring can be used both as an examination method, and as a means for providing feedback control.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for the measurement, processing, and interpretation of the acoustic emission (AE) response associated with selected stages of the resistance spot-welding process.
1.2 This practice also provides guidelines for feedback control by utilizing the measured AE response signals during the spot-welding process.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Feb-2007
ICS
17.140.20 - Noise emitted by machines and equipment
25.160.10 - Welding processes
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.04 - Acoustic Emission Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E751-01 - Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Resistance Spot-Welding
Effective Date
15-Feb-2007
Replaced By
ASTM E751/E751M-12 - Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Resistance Spot-Welding
Effective Date
15-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM E543-21 - Standard Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
Effective Date
15-Feb-2007

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ASTM E751-07 - Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Resistance Spot-Welding
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E751–07
Standard Practice for
Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Resistance Spot-
1
Welding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
4.1 The AE produced during the production of a spot-weld
1.1 This practice describes procedures for the measurement,
processing, and interpretation of the acoustic emission (AE) can be related to weld quality parameters such as the strength
response associated with selected stages of the resistance and size of the nugget, the amount of expulsion, and the
spot-welding process. amount of cracking. Therefore, in-process AE monitoring can
1.2 This practice also provides guidelines for feedback be used both as an examination method, and as a means for
control by utilizing the measured AE response signals during providing feedback control.
the spot-welding process.
5. Basis of Application
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.1 The following items are subject to contractual agree-
ment between the parties using or referencing this standard.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.2 Personnel Qualification:
5.2.1 If specified in the contractual agreement, personnel
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
performing examinations to this standard shall be qualified in
2. Referenced Documents
accordance with a nationally or internationally recognized
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: NDT personnel qualification practice or standard such as
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestruc- ANSI/ASNT CP-189, SNT-TC-1A, NAS-410, or a similar
tive Testing document and certified by the employer or certifying agency,
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations as applicable. The practice or standard used and its applicable
3
2.2 ASNT Standards: revision shall be identified in the contractual agreement be-
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive tween the using parties.
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification 5.3 Qualification of Nondestructive Agencies—If specified
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certi- in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified
fication of Nondestructive Testing Personnel and evaluated as described in Practice E543. The applicable
4
2.3 AIA Standard: edition of Practice E543 shall be specified in the contractual
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive agreement.
Personnel (Quality Assurance Committee) 5.4 Procedures and Techniques—The procedures and tech-
niques to be utilized shall be as specified in the contractual
3. Terminology
agreement.
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoacoustic
6. Ordering Information
emission testing, see Section B of Terminology E1316.
6.1 If the spot-weld monitoring or process control methods
described in this practice are performed as a service, the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
following items should be addressed in the purchase specifi-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on
Acoustic Emission Method.
cation, and are subject to agreement between the purchaser and
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2007. Published March 2007. Originally
the supplier:
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E751 - 01. DOI:
6.1.1 Description of the welded parts in terms of geometry,
10.1520/E0751-07.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
dimensions, number and position of welds, and materials.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1.2 Description of the welding machine, type and dimen-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
sions of the electrodes, type of weld controller, welding
the ASTM website.
3
schedule, and distance between the welding head and the
AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
controller.
4
Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E751–07
FIG. 1 Typical AE Response Signals During Resistance Spot Welding
6.1
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The AE produced during the production of a spot-weld can be related to weld quality parameters such as the strength and size of the nugget, the amount of expulsion, and the amount of cracking. Therefore, in-process AE monitoring can be used both as an examination method, and as a means for providing feedback control.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Detection and location of AE sources in weldments during fabrication may provide information related to the integrity of the weld. Such information may be used to direct repair procedures on the weld or as a guide for application of other nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. A major attribute of applying AE for in-process monitoring of welds is the ability of the method to provide immediate real-time information on weld integrity. This feature makes the method useful to lower weld costs by repairing defects at the most convenient point in the production process. The AE activity from discontinuities in the weldment is stimulated by the thermal stresses from the welding process. The AE activity resulting from this stimulation is detected by AE sensors in the vicinity of the weldment, which convert the acoustic waves into electronic signals. The AE instrumentation processes signals and provides means for immediate display or indication of AE activity and for permanent recordings of the data.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides recommendations for acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of weldments during and immediately following their fabrication by continuous welding processes.  
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5.1 The AE produced during the production of a spot-weld can be related to weld quality parameters such as the strength and size of the nugget, the amount of expulsion, and the amount of cracking. Therefore, in-process AE monitoring can be used both as an examination method, and as a means for providing feedback control.
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1.1 This practice describes procedures for the measurement, processing, and interpretation of the acoustic emission (AE) response associated with selected stages of the resistance spot-welding process.  
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