ASTM D6866-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods do not address environmental impact, product performance and functionality, determination of geographical origin, or assignment of required amounts of biobased carbon necessary for compliance with federal laws.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to any product containing carbon-based components that can be combusted in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) gas.
1.3 These test methods make no attempt to teach the basic principles of the instrumentation used although minimum requirements for instrument selection are referenced in the References section. However, the preparation of samples for the above methods is described. No details of instrument operation are included here. These are best obtained from the manufacturer of the specific instrument in use.
1.4 Currently, there are no ISO test methods that are equivalent to the test methods outlined in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 6866 – 04
Standard Test Methods for
Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range
Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass
1
Spectrometry Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6866; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope logical manner (alphabetically) will be made as some terms
require definition of other terms to make sense.
1.1 These test methods do not address environmental im-
3.3 Definitions:
pact, product performance and functionality, determination of
3.3.1 dpm—disintegrations per minute. This is the quantity
geographical origin, or assignment of required amounts of
of radioactivity. The measure dpm is derived from cpm or
biobased carbon necessary for compliance with federal laws.
counts per minute (dpm = cpm − bkgd / counting efficiency).
1.2 These test methods are applicable to any product con-
6 3
There are 2.2 by 10 dpm / uCi (11,13).
taining carbon-based components that can be combusted in the
3.3.2 dps—disintegrations per second (rather than minute as
presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO ) gas.
2
above) (11,13).
1.3 These test methods make no attempt to teach the basic
3.3.3 scintillation—the sum of all photons produced by a
principles of the instrumentation used although minimum
radioactive decay event. Counters used to measure this as
requirements for instrument selection are referenced in the
described in this method are Liquid Scintillation Counters
References section. However, the preparation of samples for
(LSC) Bq (11,13).
the above methods is described. No details of instrument
3.3.4 specific activity (SA)—refers to the quantity of radio-
operation are included here. These are best obtained from the
activity per mass unit of product, that is, dpmh % (11,13).
manufacturer of the specific instrument in use.
3.3.5 automated effıciency control (AEC)—a method used
1.4 Currently, there are no ISO test methods that are
by scintillation counters to compensate for the effect of
equivalent to the test methods outlined in this standard.
quenching on the sample spectrum (11).
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3.6 AMS facility—a facility performing Accelerator Mass
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Spectrometry.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3.7 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)—an ultra-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sensitive technique for measuring naturally occurring radio
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
nuclides, in which sample atoms are ionized, accelerated to
2. Referenced Documents
high energies, separated on basis of momentum, charge, and
2
mass, and individually counted in Faraday collectors. This high
2.1 ASTM Standards:
energy separation is extremely effective in filtering out isobaric
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
interferences, such that AMS may be used to measure accu-
14 15
3. Terminology
rately the C abundance to a level of 1 in 10 . At these levels,
uncertainties are based on counting statistics through the
3.1 The definitions of terms used in this test method are
Poisson distribution (7,8).
referenced in order that the practitioner may require further
3.3.8 background radiation—the radiation in the natural
information regarding the practice of the art of isotope analysis
environment; including cosmic radiation and radionuclides
and to facilitate performance of the method.
present in the local environment, for example, materials of
3.2 Terminology D 883 should be referenced for terminol-
construction, metals, glass, concrete (1,3,6,7,11-15).
ogy relating to plastics. Although an attempt to list terms in a
3.3.9 coincidence circuit—a portion of the electronic analy-
sis system of a Liquid Scintillation Counter which acts to reject
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
pulses which are not received from the two Photomultiplier
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmen-
Tubes (that count the photons) within a given period of time
tally Degradable Plastics and Biobased Products.
Current edition approved February 1, 2004. Published March 2004.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
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