ASTM D4410-03

Terminology for Fluvial Sediment

SCOPE
1.1 These terms are to be used by persons involved in collecting, reporting, and interpreting information pertaining to sedimentation and hydrologic processes as they apply in the development, use, control, and conservation of water and land resources.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Aug-2003
• ICS: 01.040.07 - Natural and applied sciences (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 07.060 - Geology. Meteorology. Hydrology
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.07 - Sediments, Geomorphology, and Open-Channel Flow

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4410-98 - Terminology for Fluvial Sediment
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D4410-10 - Terminology for Fluvial Sediment
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2010
• Referred By: ASTM G208-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Evaluating and Qualifying Oilfield and Refinery Corrosion Inhibitors Using Jet Impingement Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM G185-06(2020)e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluating and Qualifying Oil Field and Refinery Corrosion Inhibitors Using the Rotating Cylinder Electrode
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D4823-95(2019) - Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6764-02(2019) - Standard Guide for Collection of Water Temperature, Dissolved-Oxygen Concentrations, Specific Electrical Conductance, and pH Data from Open Channels
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5906-21 - Standard Guide for Measuring Horizontal Positioning During Measurements of Surface Water Depths
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5073-21 - Standard Practice for Depth Measurement of Surface Water
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM G184-06(2020)e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluating and Qualifying Oil Field and Refinery Corrosion Inhibitors Using Rotating Cage
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6326-22 - Standard Practice for Selection of Maximum Transit-Rate Ratios and Depths for the U.S. Series of Isokinetic Suspended-Sediment Samplers
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM F2664-19e1 - Standard Guide for Assessing the Attachment of Cells to Biomaterial Surfaces by Physical Methods
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6145-97(2018) - Standard Guide for Monitoring Sediment in Watersheds
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM G170-06(2020)e1 - Standard Guide for Evaluating and Qualifying Oilfield and Refinery Corrosion Inhibitors in the Laboratory
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6146-97(2018) - Standard Guide for Monitoring Aqueous Nutrients in Watersheds
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D4822-88(2019) - Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D4410–03
Terminology for
1
Fluvial Sediment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4410; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope bed-load—material moving on or near the stream bed by
rolling, sliding, and skipping.
1.1 These terms are to be used by persons involved in
bed-load discharge—the quantity of bed-load passing a cross
collecting, reporting, and interpreting information pertaining to
section of a stream in a unit of time.
sedimentation and hydrologic processes as they apply in the
bed-load sampler—a device for sampling the bed-load.
development, use, control, and conservation of water and land
bed material—the sediment mixture of which the stream bed
resources.
is composed.
2. Terminology bed-material discharge—that part of the total sediment dis-
charge composed of grain sizes occurring in appreciable
2.1 Definitions:
quantities in the bed material.
accelerated erosion—erosion at a rate greater than geologic or
bed-material load—that part of the total load which is
natural erosion.
composed of particle sizes present in appreciable quantities
in the shifting portions of the stream bed.
DISCUSSION—Accelerated erosion is usually associated with anthro-
boulder size (fluvial sediment)—larger than 256 mm in
pogenic activities and usually reduces plant cover and increases runoff.
diameter.
accretion—a process of sediment accumulation.
braided river—a wide- and shallow-river where the flow
aggradation—the geologic process by which stream beds,
passes through a number of small interlaced channels
flood plains, and the bottoms of other water bodies are raised
separated by bars or shoals.
in elevation by the deposition of material eroded and
channel—a natural or artificial waterway that periodically or
transported by water from other areas.
continuously contains moving water.
alluvial deposit—sediment deposited by the action of moving
clay size (fluvial sediment)—0.00024 to 0.004 mm in diam-
water.
eter.
alluviation—the process of accumulating sediment deposits at
cobble size (fluvial sediment)—64 to 256 mm in diameter.
places where the flow is retarded.
cohesive sediments—that material whose resistance to initial
alluvium—a general term for all fluvial deposits resulting
movement or erosion depends upon the strength of the bond
directly or indirectly from the sediment transport of (mod-
between particles.
ern) streams, thus including the sediments laid down in
colloids (fluvial sediment)—smaller than 0.00024 mm in
riverbeds, flood plains, lakes, fans, and estuaries.
diameter.
armoring—theformationofaresistantlayerofrelativelylarge
colluvial deposits—that material accumulated along valley
particles by erosion of the finer particles.
margins by mass movements from the adjacent hillsides.
avulsion—a sudden, natural change of a stream channel, so
composite sample—a sample formed by combining two or
that the water flows elsewhere than in its previous course.
more individual samples or representative portions of the
bag sampler—a sampler that utilizes a collapsible bag as the
samples.
sample collection container.
concentration (volume)—the ratio of the volume of dry
base flow—stream flow that is sustained by ground water and
sediment to the volume of the water-sediment mixture.
other delayed sources.
concentration of sediment (by mass)—the ratio of the mass
of dry sediment in a water-sediment mixture to the mass of
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the mixture.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomor-
critical flow—open channel flow in which the energy, ex-
phology, and Open-Channel Flow.
pressed in terms of depth plus velocity head, is a minimum
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally
for a given flow rate and channel. The Froude number is
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D4410 – 98. DOI:
10.1520/D4410-03. unity at critical flow. D5614
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D4410–03
debris—as applied to geologic debris flows, a mixture of data are obtained. D5674
loose, poorly-sorted rock fragments or soil material, or both, geologic erosion—the erosion process on a given land form
potentially ranging from clay to boulder-size particles that that is not associated with the activities of man.
may include fragmental organic matter and other exotic graded stream—a stream in which a steady state has been
det
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