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ASTM D3822-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile properties of natural and man-made single textile fibers of sufficient length to permit mounting test specimens in a tensile testing machine.
1.2 This test method is also applicable to continuous (filament) and discontinuous (staple) fibers or filaments taken from yarns or tow. When the fibers to be tested contain crimp, or if the tow or yarns have been subjected to bulking, crimping, or texturing process, the tensile properties are determined after removal of the crimp.
Note 1—Testing of filaments taken from yarns or tow, included in this test method was originally covered in Test Method D 2101, that is discontinued.
1.3 The words "fiber" and "filament" are used interchangeably throughout this test method.
1.4 This test method is also applicable to fibers removed from yarns, or from yarns processed further into fabrics. It should be recognized that yarn and manufacturing processes can influence or modify the tensile properties of fibers. Consequently, tensile properties determined on fibers taken from yarns, or from yarns that have been processed into fabrics, may be different than for the same fibers prior to being subjected to yarn or fabric manufacturing processes.
1.5 This test method provides directions for measuring the breaking force and elongation at break of single textile fibers and for calculating breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modulus, tangent modulus, tensile stress at specified elongation, and breaking toughness.
1.6 Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both conditioned and wet single fibers are included. The test method is applicable to testing under a wide range of conditions.
1.7 As the length of the test specimen decreases, the tensile strength is likely to increase, but the accuracy of the tensile properties determined may decrease, which may require the need to increase the number of test specimens. This is particularly true for those properties dependent on the measurement of elongation, since the shorter lengths increase the relative effect of slippage and stretching of the test specimens within the jaws of either clamp.
1.8 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2001
ICS
59.060.01 - Textile fibres in general
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3822-96 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D3822-07 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4849-21 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D3217/D3217M-20 - Standard Test Methods for Breaking Tenacity of Manufactured Textile Fibers in Loop or Knot Configurations
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001

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ASTM D3822-01 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3822–01
Standard Test Method for
1
Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope relative effect of slippage and stretching of the test specimens
within the jaws of either clamp.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile
1.8 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in
properties of natural and man-made single textile fibers of
other units shall be regarded separately as standard.The values
sufficient length to permit mounting test specimens in a tensile
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
testing machine.
each system must be used independently of the other, without
1.2 This test method is also applicable to continuous (fila-
combining values in any way.
ment) and discontinuous (staple) fibers or filaments taken from
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
yarns or tow. When the fibers to be tested contain crimp, or if
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the tow or yarns have been subjected to bulking, crimping, or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
texturing process, the tensile properties are determined after
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
removal of the crimp.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—Testing of filaments taken from yarns or tow, included in this
test method was originally covered in Test Method D 2101, that is
2. Referenced Documents
discontinued.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 The words “fiber” and “filament” are used interchange-
D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machine for Textiles
ably throughout this test method.
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
1.4 This test method is also applicable to fibers removed
D 578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
from yarns, or from yarns processed further into fabrics. It
D 629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
should be recognized that yarn and manufacturing processes
D 1577 Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
can influence or modify the tensile properties of fibers.
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
Consequently, tensile properties determined on fibers taken
D 2101 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Man-
3
from yarns, or from yarns that have been processed into
Made Fibers Taken from Yarns and Tow
fabrics, may be different than for the same fibers prior to being
D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
subjected to yarn or fabric manufacturing processes.
D 3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,
1.5 This test method provides directions for measuring the
Sliver, or Tow for Testing
breaking force and elongation at break of single textile fibers
D 4848 Terminology of Force, Deformation and Related
and for calculating breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord
Properties of Textiles
modulus, tangent modulus, tensile stress at specified elonga-
E 178 Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations
tion, and breaking toughness.
3. Terminology
1.6 Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both
conditionedandwetsinglefibersareincluded.Thetestmethod
3.1 Definitions:
is applicable to testing under a wide range of conditions.
3.1.1 breaking force, n—the maximum force applied to a
1.7 As the length of the test specimen decreases, the tensile
material carried to rupture.
strength is likely to increase, but the accuracy of the tensile
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The observed breaking force for fibers
properties determined may decrease, which may require the
and filaments is generally expressed as millinewton (mN) or
need to increase the number of test specimens. This is
gram-force (gf).
particularly true for those properties dependent on the mea-
3.1.2 breaking tenacity, n—the tenacity at the breaking
surement of elongation, since the shorter lengths increase the
force.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarn and Fiber Test contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Methods. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Originally the ASTM website.
3
published as D 3822 – 79. Last previous edition D 3822 – 96. Discontinued; see 1995 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Copyright © ASTM Interna
...

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5.1 Test Method D3822 using test specimens having gauge lengths of 10 mm [0.4 in.] or greater is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since the test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. Critical differences noted in Tables 1 and 2 were obtained on man-made fibers having a gauge length of 25 mm [1.0 in.] and 250 mm [10 in.]. Natural fibers or fibers having lesser or greater gauge lengths may provide different values and may require comparative testing. (See 5.1.1.)  (A) The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960, which is based on infinite degrees of freedom.  (A) The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960, which is based on infinite degrees of freedom  
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5.1 Limited accuracy in measuring the change in length produces errors in estimating values for shrinkage below 10 %. However, this test is being used for low level shrinkage fibers because the results give have been found to give an adequate indication of average shrinkage at the lower levels. The test is not adequate for determining variability in average shrinkage at low levels. If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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C2—Crimped Fibers  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Option A for bundle weighing of Test Method D1577 is used in the trade for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. Option B for single-fiber weighing and Option C for the vibroscope may be used for acceptance testing (see Section 37); however, caution is advised when using Option B or Option C because between-laboratory precision information is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 4.1.1 may be advisable.  
4.1.1 In case of dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D1577 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of samples that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. These samples should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either the cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results for that material with consideration to the known bias.  
4.2 Option A for bundle weighing is generally considered to be the referee procedure for acceptance testing.  
4.3 Option A is not recommended for measurement of linear density of blends of production fibers having different nominal linear densities.  
4.4 The accuracy of the linear density values obtained by Options A and B is dependent upon the accuracy with which the fibers can be cut and weighed.
Note 2: On short staple fiber, an accuracy in cutting of 1.0 % is difficult to obtain. This problem is further complicated if crimp is present in the fibers.  ...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of mass per unit length (linear density) of textile fibers and filaments. Direct weighing and vibroscope procedures with modifications for crimped and uncrimped fibers are included. The options and sections are listed below.    
Option  
Sections  
A—Fiber Bundle Weighing  
7 – 15  
B—Single-Fiber Weighing  
16 – 23  
C—Vibroscope, General  
24 – 30  
35 and 36    
C1—Uncrimped Fibers  
31 and 32    
C2—Crimped Fibers  
33 and 34    
Precision and Bias  
37 and 38  
Note 1: For linear density of short lengths of yarn, refer to Test Method D1059. For cotton linear density, refer to Test Methods D1769 and D2480. For measurement of wool diameter, refer to Test Methods D1282, D2130, and D3510.  
1.2 The crimp, taper, and cross-sectional shape of the fiber may influence the linear density measured by single-fiber weighing and vibroscope.  
1.3 These test methods measure the linear density of fibers with moisture in equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for testing textiles. The fiber moisture under these conditions is not necessarily the same as the commercial moisture regain for the fibers.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized pr...

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