prEN 13381-4

Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members - Part 4: Applied passive protection products to steel members

This specifies the test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members for applied protection to steel members.

Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Beitrages zum Feuerwiderstand von tragenden Bauteilen - Teil 4: Passive Brandschutzmaterialien für Stahlbauteile

Der vorliegende Teil dieser Europäischen Norm legt ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Beitrages von passiven Brandschutzsystemen zum Feuerwiderstand von tragenden Stahlbauteilen fest, die als Träger oder Stützen verwendet werden können. Er berücksichtigt nur Profile ohne Öffnungen im Steg. Ohne weiter gehende Beurteilung ist er auf Zugglieder nicht direkt anwendbar. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse von "I"- oder "H"-Profilen sind für denselben Profilfaktor direkt auf Winkel, "U"- und "T"-Profile anwendbar, unabhängig davon, ob sie als Einzelelemente oder zur Aussteifung verwendet werden. Diese Norm gilt nicht für massive Stangen oder Rundstäbe.
Diese Europäische Norm bezieht sich auf Brandschutzsysteme, die nur passive und keine reaktiven Brandschutzmaterialien enthalten.
Die Bewertung ist so konzipiert, dass sie einen Bereich von Dicken des Brandschutzmaterials, einen Bereich von Stahlquerschnitten, die durch ihre Profilfaktoren beschrieben sind, einen Bereich von Bemessungstempe-raturen, sowie einen Gültigkeitsbereich von Klassifizierungszeiten der Brandschutzmaßnahme umfasst.
Diese Europäische Norm enthält das Prüfverfahren, das durchzuführen ist, um das Leistungsvermögen des Brandschutzsystems sowohl hinsichtlich seiner Formstabilität als auch seiner Haftungseigenschaft mit den zu schützenden Stahlbauteilen zu bestimmen und Messwerte zum thermischen Verhalten des Brandschutz-systems zu erhalten, wenn dieses durch die Norm-Temperaturzeitkurve nach EN 1363 1 beansprucht werden.
Das Brandprüfverfahren erlaubt die Ermittlung und Darstellung von Messwerten, die als direkte Eingangs¬werte zur Berechnung der Feuerwiderstandsfähigkeit von tragenden Stahlbauteilen nach den in EN 1993 1 2 und EN 1994 1 2 angegebenen Verfahren anwendbar sind.
Diese Europäische Norm enthält darüber hinaus die Beurteilung, die festlegt, wie die Analyse der Messwerte durchzuführen ist, sowie Hinweise zu den Verfahren, nach denen die Interpolation durchgeführt werden sollte.

Méthodes d'essai pour déterminer la contribution à la résistance au feu des éléments de construction - Partie 4 : Produits passifs de protection appliqués aux éléments en acier

Cette partie de la présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode d'essai permettant de déterminer la contribution apportée par l'application de systèmes de protection au feu aux éléments de construction en acier pouvant être utilisés comme des poutres ou des poteaux. Elle ne prend en compte que les tronçons ne comportant pas d'ouverture dans l'âme. Elle ne s'applique pas directement aux éléments précontraints sans évaluation supplémentaire. Les résultats des analyses des sections en I ou H s'appliquent directement aux cornières, profilés en U et sections en T pour le même facteur de massiveté, qu'ils soient utilisés individuellement ou en entretoisement. La présente norme ne s'applique pas aux barres ni aux tiges pleines.
Elle couvre les systèmes de protection au feu qui impliquent uniquement des matériaux passifs et non les matériaux réactifs de protection au feu tels que définis dans le présent document.
L'évaluation est conçue pour couvrir une plage d'épaisseurs du matériau de protection au feu appliqué, une plage de tronçons d'acier, caractérisés par leurs facteurs de massiveté, une plage de températures données et une plage de durées de résistance au feu.
La présente Norme européenne comprend l'essai au feu qui spécifie les essais devant être réalisés pour déterminer l'aptitude du système de protection au feu à rester cohérent et fixé sur l’ouvrage en acier et pour fournir des données sur les caractéristiques thermiques du système de protection au feu lorsqu'il est exposé à la courbe normalisée température/temps prescrite dans l'EN 1363-1.
La méthodologie des essais au feu comporte des dispositions concernant le recueil et la présentation de données susceptibles de servir comme des entrées directes pour le calcul de la résistance au feu d'éléments de construction en acier conformément aux modes opératoires donnés dans l'EN 1993­1­2 et l'EN 1994-1-2.

Preskusne metode za ugotavljanje prispevka k požarni odpornosti konstrukcijskih elementov - 4. del: Pasivna požarna zaščita za konstrukcijska jekla

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 17-Oct-2011
• Withdrawal Date: 17-Apr-2012
• ICS: 13.220.50 - Fire-resistance of building materials and elements
• ICS: 91.080.10 - Metal structures
• ICS: 91.080.13 - Steel structures
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 127 - Fire safety in buildings
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 127/WG 1 - Structural and separating elements
• Current Stage: 4098 - Decision to abandon - Enquiry
• Start Date: 07-Feb-2011
• Completion Date: 07-Feb-2011
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN 13381-4:2009 - Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members - Part 4: Applied passive protection products to steel members

Relations

• Revises: ENV 13381-4:2002 - Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members - Part 4: Applied protection to steel members
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023

Overview

prEN 13381-4 (CEN draft) defines test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members when applied passive protection products are used on steel members. The document sets out furnace conditions, specimen preparation, instrumentation, test procedures, reporting and assessment approaches used to quantify how coatings, claddings and other passive systems affect steel member performance in fire.

Key Topics and Requirements

• Scope and purpose: Measurement of the thermal and structural contribution of applied passive protection to steel beams and columns under standard fire exposure.
• Test equipment and furnace requirements, including temperature and pressure control in the test zone.
• Specimen types and configurations: Loaded and unloaded beams, loaded and unloaded (tall/short) columns; minimum numbers and sizes of test specimens and construction details.
• Loading and support conditions: Controlled application of mechanical loads during testing for representative structural behaviour.
• Instrumentation: Thermocouples for furnace and steel temperatures, deformation and load measurement, and pressure monitoring.
• Test procedure and termination criteria: Procedures for furnace control, load application, temperature monitoring and defined end-points for when a test is concluded.
• Assessment and data processing: Methods to assess thermal performance and convert test data into fire resistance contribution, including corrections for specimen thickness, stickability, and localised high temperatures.
• Analysis methods: Differential equation analysis, numerical regression analysis, and graphical analysis are included as acceptable assessment routes.
• Reporting: Requirements for presentation of results and a comprehensive test report to support product assessment and certification.

Applications and Who Uses It

• Fire test laboratories performing standardized fire resistance tests on passive protection systems for steelwork.
• Manufacturers of intumescent coatings, cementitious renderings, claddings and other applied passive fire protection products seeking performance validation.
• Structural and fire engineers specifying fire protection for steel members in buildings and infrastructure.
• Certification bodies and regulatory authorities assessing compliance with fire-resistance requirements in building codes.
• Specifiers and contractors using test evidence to select appropriate protection thicknesses and products.

Related Standards

• prEN 13381-4 is part of the EN process managed by CEN/TC 127 and is intended to supersede ENV 13381-4:2002. It should be used alongside national regulations and other parts of the prEN 13381 series when assessing fire-resistance of structural elements.

Keywords: prEN 13381-4, fire resistance test methods, passive fire protection, steel members, fire testing, CEN, applied protection.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2009
3UHVNXVQHPHWRGH]DXJRWDYOMDQMHSULVSHYNDNSRåDUQLRGSRUQRVWLNRQVWUXNFLMVNLK
HOHPHQWRYGHO=DãþLWDMHNOHQLKHOHPHQWRY
Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members
- Part 4: Applied passive protection products to steel members
Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Beitrages zum Feuerwiderstand von tragenden
Bauteilen - Teil 4: Passive Brandschutzmaterialien für Stahlbauteile
Méthode d'essai pour déterminer la contribution à la résistance au feu des éléments de
construction - Partie 4 : Revêtements non réactifs
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13381-4
ICS:
13.220.50 Požarna odpornost Fire-resistance of building
gradbenih materialov in materials and elements
elementov
91.080.10 Kovinske konstrukcije Metal structures
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2008
ICS 91.080.10; 13.220.50 Will supersede ENV 13381-4:2002
English Version
Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire
resistance of structural members - Part 4: Applied passive
protection products to steel members
Méthode d'essai pour déterminer la contribution à la Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Beitrages zum
résistance au feu des éléments de construction - Partie 4 : Feuerwiderstand von tragenden Bauteilen - Teil 4: Passive
Revêtements non réactifs Brandschutzmaterialien für Stahlbauteile
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 127.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13381-4:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword. 5
1 Scope. 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units. 7
3.1 Terms and definitions. 7
3.2 Symbols and units . 9
4 Test equipment. 11
4.1 General. 11
4.2 Furnace . 11
4.3 Loading equipment. 11
5 Test conditions. 11
5.1 General. 11
5.2 Support and loading conditions. 11
5.2.1 Loaded beams . 11
5.2.2 Unloaded beams . 12
5.2.3 Loaded columns. 12
5.2.4 Unloaded columns. 12
5.3 Loading . 12
6 Test specimens . 13
6.1 Number of test specimens . 13
6.1.1 General. 13
6.1.2 Passive fire protection systems . 13
6.1.3 Reactive fire protection systems. 13
6.1.4 Precautions against erroneous results . 14
6.2 Size of test specimens. 14
6.2.1 Loaded beam test sections. 14
6.2.2 Unloaded beam test sections . 14
6.2.3 Loaded column test sections . 14
6.2.4 (Unloaded) Tall column test sections . 14
6.2.5 Short column test sections. 14
6.3 Construction of steel test specimens. 15
6.3.1 Loaded beam test sections. 15
6.3.2 Unloaded beam test sections . 15
6.3.3 Loaded column test sections . 15
6.3.4 Unloaded tall column test section. 15
6.3.5 Short steel column test sections. 15
6.3.6 Application of the fire protection material to the steel test section . 16
6.4 Composition of test specimen component materials . 16
6.4.1 Steel sections . 16
6.4.2 Fire protection system. 16
6.5 Properties of test specimen component materials . 16
6.5.1 Steel. 16
6.5.2 Fire protection materials . 17
6.6 Verification of the test specimen. 18
7 Installation of the test specimens . 18
7.1 Loaded beam . 18
7.2 Unloaded beam . 19
7.3 Loaded columns. 19
7.4 Unloaded columns. 19
7.5 Test specimen installation patterns. 19
8 Conditioning of the test specimens . 19
9 Application of instrumentation. 19
9.1 General. 19
9.2 Instrumentation for measurement of furnace temperature . 20
9.2.1 General. 20
9.2.2 Furnace temperature in the region of beam test specimens . 20
9.2.3 Furnace temperature in the region of column test specimens . 20
9.3 Instrumentation for measurement of steel temperatures. 20
9.3.1 General. 20
9.3.2 Loaded beam test specimens. 21
9.3.3 Unloaded beam test specimens . 21
9.3.4 Loaded column test specimens . 21
9.3.5 Unloaded tall column test specimen. 21
9.3.6 Short column test specimens. 21
9.4 Instrumentation for the measurement of pressure . 21
9.5 Instrumentation for the measurement of deformation. 21
9.6 Instrumentation for the measurement of load . 21
10 Test procedure . 22
10.1 General. 22
10.2 Furnace temperature and pressure. 22
10.3 Application and control of load . 22
10.3.1 Loaded beams . 22
10.3.2 Loaded columns. 22
10.4 Temperature of steelwork . 23
10.5 Deformation . 23
10.6 Observations . 23
10.7 Termination of test. 23
11 Test results . 23
11.1 Acceptability of test results . 23
11.2 Presentation of test results. 24
12 Test report . 25
12.1 General. 25
13 Assessment . 26
13.1 General. 26
13.2 All fire protection systems. 26
13.2.1 General. 26
13.2.2 Temperature of steel sections . 27
13.2.3 Correction for discrepancy in thickness . 27
13.2.4 Correction of temperature data for stickability. 28
13.3 Reactive fire protection systems. 29
13.3.1 General. 29
13.3.2 Correction of temperature data for localised high temperature . 29
13.3.3 Correction for discrepancy in thickness . 29
13.3.4 Correction to temperature data for stickability. 29
13.3.5 Choice of k (θ). 31
d
13.4 Presentation of data to be used in the assessment . 31
13.5 Assessment procedures for thermal performance . 31
13.5.1 General. 31
13.5.2 Differential equation analysis method. 32
13.5.3 Numerical regression analysis method.32
13.5.4 Graphical analysis method . 32
13.6 Acceptability of the assessment method used and the resulting analysis . 32
13.6.1 Criteria for acceptability. 32
13.6.2 Modification of the analysis. 32
13.7 Three and four sided exposure . 33
14 Report of the assessment . 33
15 Limits of the applicability of the results of the assessment. 34
A.1 Introduction . 62
A.2 Test equipment. 62
A.3 Test specimens . 62
A.4 Termination of test. 63
A.5 Evaluation of the results . 63
B.1 Structural hollow sections . 65
B.2 Angles, channels and ‘t’ sections . 67
C.1 Introduction . 68
C.2 Thickness of fire protection materials. 68
C.3 Density of applied fire protection materials. 70
C.4 Moisture content of applied fire protection materials. 70
D.1 Introduction . 72
D.2 Types of thermocouples. 72
D.3 Fixing of thermocouples . 72
D.4 Routing of thermocouple wires . 73
D.5 Connection of thermocouples . 73
D.6 Thermocouple failures. 73
F.1 Input data . 75
F.2 Basic Equation . 75
F.3 Methodology. 76
G.1 Input data . 82
G.2 Basic Equation . 82
G.3 Methodology. 83
H.1 Data. 84
H.2 Basic Equation . 84
H.3 Methodology. 84
I.1 Data. 85
I.2 Methodology. 85
Bibliography . 88

Foreword
This document (prEN 13381-4:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 127 “Fire
safety in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede ENV 13381-4:2002.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of 89/106/EEC.
This document is one of a series of standards for evaluating the contribution to the fire resistance of
structural members by applied fire protection materials. Other parts of this EN are:
Part 1: Horizontal protective membranes.
Part 2: Vertical protective membranes.
Part 3: Applied protection to concrete members.
Part 5: Applied protection to concrete/profiled sheet steel composite members.
Part 6: Applied protection to concrete filled hollow steel composite columns.
Part 7: Applied protection to timber members.
Annexes A to J are normative.
CAUTION — The attention of all persons concerned with managing and carrying out this fire
resistance test, is drawn to the fact that fire testing can be hazardous and that there is a
possibility that toxic and / or harmful smoke and gases can be evolved during the test.
Mechanical and operational hazards can also arise during the construction of test elements or
structures, their testing and the disposal of test residues.
An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health shall be made and safety precautions shall
be identified and provided. Written safety instructions shall be issued. Appropriate training shall be
given to relevant personnel. Laboratory personnel shall ensure that they follow written safety
instructions at all times.
The specific health and safety instructions contained within this Standard shall be followed.

1 Scope
This part of this European Standard specifies a test method for determining the contribution made by
applied fire protection systems to the fire resistance of structural steel members, which can be used
as beams, columns or tension members.
The evaluation is designed to cover a range of thicknesses of the applied fire protection material, a
range of steel sections, characterized by their section factors, a range of design temperatures and a
range of valid fire protection classification periods.
This European Standard applies to fire protection materials where the gap between the material and
the flange faces of the steel member is less than 5 mm in size. Otherwise, the test methods in
EN 13381-1 or EN 13381-2, as appropriate, apply.
This European Standard contains the fire test which specifies the tests which shall be carried out to
determine the ability of the fire protection system to remain coherent and fixed to the steelwork, and to
provide data on the thermal characteristics of the fire protection system, when exposed to the
standard temperature/time curve specified in EN 1363-1.
In special circumstances, where specified in national building regulations, there can be a need to
subject reactive protection material to a smouldering curve. The test for this and the special
circumstances for its use are described in annex A.
The fire test methodology makes provision for the collection and presentation of data which can be
used as direct input to the calculation of fire resistance of steel structural members in accordance with
the procedures given in EN 1993-1-2.
This European Standard also contains the assessment which prescribes how the analysis of the test
data shall be made and gives guidance on the procedures by which interpolation shall be undertaken.
The assessment procedure is used to establish:
a) on the basis of temperature data derived from testing loaded and unloaded sections, a correction
factor and any practical constraints on the use of the fire protection system under fire test
conditions, (the physical performance);
b) on the basis of the temperature data derived from testing short steel column sections, the thermal
properties of the fire protection system, (the thermal performance).
The limits of applicability of the results of the assessment arising from the fire test are defined,
together with permitted direct application of the results to different steel sections and grades and to
different fire protection systems and fixings.
The results of the test and assessment obtained according to this part of EN 13381 are directly
applicable to steel sections of "I" and "H" cross sectional shape. Guidance is given in annex B on the
application of the data obtained from "I" and "H" steel sections to other section shapes.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any
of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or
revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including
amendments).
EN 1363-1, Fire resistance tests — Part 1: General requirements
EN 1363-2, Fire resistance tests — Part 2: Alternative and additional procedures
EN 10025, Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels — Technical delivery conditions
EN 10113, Hot rolled products in weldable fine grade structural steels
EN 1993-1-1, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
EN 1993-1-2, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures — Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design
ISO 8421-2, Fire protection — Vocabulary — Part 2: Structural fire protection
EN ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary (ISO 13943:1999)
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1363-1,
EN ISO 13943 and ISO 8421-2, together with the following, apply:
3.1.1
steel member
element of building construction which is loadbearing and fabricated from steel
3.1.2
fire protection material
material or combination of materials applied to the surface of a steel member for the purpose of
increasing its fire resistance
3.1.3
passive fire protection materials
materials which do not change their physical form on heating, providing fire protection by virtue of
their physical or thermal properties. They may include materials containing water which, on heating,
evaporates to produce cooling effects
3.1.4
reactive fire protection materials
materials which are specifically formulated to provide a chemical reaction upon heating such that their
physical form changes and in so doing provide fire protection by thermal insulative and cooling effects
3.1.5
fire protection system
fire protection material together with a prescribed method of attachment to the steel member
3.1.6
fire protection
protection afforded to the steel member by the fire protection system such that the temperature of the
steel member is limited throughout the period of exposure to fire
3.1.7
test specimen
steel test section plus the fire protection system under test. The steel test section, representative of a
steel member, for the purposes of this test, comprises short steel columns, tall columns or beams
3.1.8
fire protection thickness
thickness of a single layer fire protection system or the combined thickness of all layers of a multilayer
fire protection system
3.1.9
stickability
ability of a fire protection material to remain sufficiently coherent and in position for a well defined
range of deformations, furnace and steel temperatures, such that its ability to provide fire protection is
not significantly impaired
3.1.10
section factor
profiled
ratio of the fire exposed outer perimeter area of the steel structural member itself, per unit length, to
its cross sectional volume per unit length, see Figure 1
boxed
ratio of the sum of the inside dimensions of the smallest possible rectangle or square encasement
which can be measured round the steel structural member times unit length, to its volume per unit
length, see Figure 1
3.1.11
design temperature
temperature of a steel structural member for structural design purposes
3.1.12
characteristic steel temperature
temperature of the steel structural member which is used for the determination of the correction factor
for stickability
3.2 Symbols and units
Symbol Unit Description
LB loaded beam section
UB unloaded beam section
LC loaded 3 metre column section
TC unloaded Tall (2 metre) column section
SC short column section
p fire protection material
a steel
f furnace
d thickness
ρ density
-1
A /V m section factor of the unprotected steel section
m
-1
A /V m section factor of the protected steel section
p
A m /m area of the protected steel section, around the profile (profiled) or over the linear
p
dimensions (boxed) of the steel section
A m cross sectional area of the steel section
V m /m volume of the steel section per unit length
V m /m volume of the fire protection material per unit length
p
h mm depth of the steel section
b mm flange breadth of the steel section
t mm thickness of the web of the steel section
w
L mm length of beam specimen exposed to heating
exp
L mm length of beam specimen between supports
sup
d mm thickness of fire protection material on an unloaded beam section
UB
d mm thickness of fire protection material on an unloaded column section
SC
d mm thickness of fire protection material concerned
p
d mm maximum thickness of fire protection material used
p(max)
d mm minimum thickness of fire protection material used
p(min)
ρ kg/m density of fire protection material
protection
ρ kg/m density of fire protection material on an unloaded beam section
UB
ρ kg/m density of fire protection material on an unloaded column section
SC
ρ kg/m density of fire protection material on a loaded beam
LB
3 3
ρ kg/m density of steel (normally 7850 kg/m )
a
θ °C mean (or characteristic) steel temperature of a short column (see 13.2.2)
SC
θ °C characteristic steel temperature of a loaded beam
LB
θ characteristic steel temperature of an unloaded beam
°C
UB
θ characteristic steel temperature of a loaded column
°C
LC
θ °C characteristic steel temperature of a tall column
TC
θ °C corrected temperature of an unloaded beam section
c(UB)
θ average temperature of the furnace at time t
°C
t
θ average temperature of the steel at time t
°C
at
Symbol Unit Description
∆θ increase of furnace temperature during the time interval ∆t
t °C
θ °C modified steel temperature of an unloaded column section
m(SC)
θ design temperature
D °C
k(θ) correction factor for temperature of an unloaded section at a temperature θ

k(θ ) correction factor for temperature based on beams for a short section at a
LB max
temperature θ with maximum thickness of applied fire protection material
k(θ ) correction factor for temperature based on beams for a short section at a
LB min
temperature θ with minimum thickness of applied fire protection material
k(θ) correction factor for temperature based on columns for a short section at a
C
temperature θ with maximum thickness of applied fire protection material
k (θ) correction factor for temperature of a short column section at a thickness of fire
d
protection material d and at a temperature θ
k (θ ) correction factor for temperature based on beams for a short section at a thickness
d LB
of fire protection material d and at a temperature θ
k (θ ) correction factor for temperature based on tall columns (or loaded columns) for a
d TC
short section at a thickness of fire protection material d and at a temperature θ
k (θ)  correction factor for temperature of a short section at maximum thickness of fire
max
protection material d
max
k (θ)  correction factor for temperature of a short section at minimum thickness of fire
min
protection material d
min
C temperature dependant specific heat of steel as defined in EN 1993-1-2
J/kg °C
a
C temperature independant specific heat of the fire protection material
J/kg °C
p
µ ratio of heat capacity of the fire protection material to that of the steel section

t min time from commencement of the start of the test

t min time for an unloaded section to reach an equivalent temperature to the loaded beam
e
at time t
∆t min time interval
t min time required for a short steel column section to reach the design temperature
D
λ effective thermal conductivity of the fire protection material
W/m °C
p
λ characteristic value of effective conductivity of the fire protection material
W/m °C
char(p)
λ mean value of λ calculated from all the short column sections at a temperature θ
W/m °C
ave(p) p SC
λ standard deviation of λ calculated from all the short column sections at a
δ(p) p
temperature θ
SC
C constant derived for short section at temperature (θ)
n(θ)
K constant applied to λ
δ(p)
4 Test equipment
4.1 General
The furnace and test equipment shall conform to that specified in EN 1363-1.
4.2 Furnace
The furnace shall be designed to permit the dimensions of the test specimens to be exposed to
heating, be they short columns, tall columns or beams, to be as specified in 6.2 and their installation
upon or within the test furnace to be as specified in clause 7.
4.3 Loading equipment
Loading shall be applied according to EN 1363-1. The loading system shall permit loading to be
applied to beams as specified in 5.2.1 and to columns as specified in 5.2.3.
5 Test conditions
5.1 General
A number of short steel, "I" or "H" test sections, protected by the fire protection system, is heated in a
furnace according to the protocol given in Figures 2, 3 and 4.
Loaded and unloaded beams or columns (see Table 1) that are likewise heated provide information
on the ability of the fire protection system to remain intact and adhere to the steel test sections
(stickability).
The method of testing loaded beams in this part of the test method is designed to provide maximum
deflection under the influence of load and heating.
It is recommended that the tests be continued until the steel temperature reaches the maximum value
commensurate with application of the data, usually 750 °C.
Where several test specimens are tested simultaneously, care shall be taken that each is adequately
and similarly exposed to the specified test conditions.
The procedures given in EN 1363-1 shall be followed in the performance of this test unless specific
contrary instructions are given.
5.2 Support and loading conditions
5.2.1 Loaded beams
Each loaded beam test specimen shall be simply supported and allowance shall be made for free
expansion and vertical deflection of the beam. The simply supported span shall be not greater than
the length exposed to heating by more than 250 mm at each end.
Loading shall be uniformly and symmetrically applied at two or more locations along its length. Point
loads shall be applied directly via loading spacers introduced through the cover slabs, see Figure 5.
These spacers may be of any suitable material but if they are of steel or other high conductivity
material, unless the contact surface at each loading point is less than or equal to 100 mm × 100 mm
or 10 000 mm , they shall be insulated from the steel beam by a suitable insulation material.
5.2.2 Unloaded beams
Each unloaded beam test specimen shall be supported as shown in Figure 6.
5.2.3 Loaded columns
For each loaded column provision shall be made for the proper support, positioning and alignment of
the column test specimen in the furnace and for ensuring uniform distribution of the loading over the
ends of the specimen, see Figure 7.
The ends of the specimen shall be designed and detailed for the proper transmission of the test load
from the loading platens to the specimen. The loadbearing faces at top and bottom of the column
shall be parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis of the column to avoid introduction of
bending moments.
For protection of the loading equipment against heat, provision shall be made for the attachment of
collars at each end of the test specimen. These shall be designed to locate the column and to provide
an adequate seal with the furnace walls and shall be suitably attached and supported so that they
remain effective and in position throughout the heating period.
The method adopted to provide the seal shall allow the test specimen to move within the furnace
walls without significantly affecting the load transmitted from the loading rig to the specimen or the
fixity at the ends of the specimen.
5.2.4 Unloaded columns
A tall column test specimen or short column section test specimens shall be supported vertically
within the furnace, either installed to the soffit of the furnace cover slabs, (see Figure 8), or stood,
directly or on plinths, on the furnace floor.
5.3 Loading
The loaded bem test specimens shall be subjected to a total load which represents 60 % of the
design moment resistance, according to EN 1993-1-1, calculated using the nominal steel strength and
the recommended boxed values given in EN 1993-1-1.
The actual load applied shall be the calculated total load less the dead weight of the beam, concrete
topping and fire protection material etc.
The method of loading shall be by a system which will produce a bending moment which is uniform
over at least 25 % of the span of the beam around mid-span.
The loaded column shall be subjected to an axially applied test load which represents 60 % of the
design buckling resistance, according to EN 1993-1-1, calculated using the nominal steel strength and
the recommended boxed values given in EN 1993-1-1.
Details of the calculation made to define the test loads shall be included in the test report.
6 Test specimens
6.1 Number of test specimens
6.1.1 General
The standard package of short steel column test sections appropriate to each assessment method,
chosen to span the full range of steel section factors which are in general usage, together with section
dimensions, are given in Tables 2, 3 and 4.
For both the maximum and the minimum thickness of the fire protection system, a loaded beam shall
be tested to examine stickability during maximum deflection of the steel section, up to a maximum
anticipated steel temperature.
For each test involving a loaded beam, an equivalent unloaded beam section shall be included and
tested in the furnace at the same time.
Where the range of thicknesses for the fire protection system is such that the difference between the
maximum and the minimum thickness is less than 50 % of the minimum thickness, then only a single
loaded and unloaded beam or column at the maximum fire protection material thickness need to be
tested.
6.1.2 Passive fire protection systems
If the assessment is to be made for both three and four sided application of the fire protection system
to both beams and columns, then two loaded beams and two unloaded beams and a number of short
steel column sections shall be tested, (see Figures 2, 3 and 4).
The minimum number of short steel column sections to be tested is 10. The number may be
increased to 18 or 26 in order to satisfy the criteria for validity of the results from the assessment
method.
If the assessment is to be confined to four sided protection of columns, the two loaded beam tests
shall be replaced by two loaded column tests, one with maximum and one with minimum thickness of
applied fire protection material. The two unloaded beam tests are not required.
6.1.3 Reactive fire protecti
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