CEN/TR 16389:2012
(Main)Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination
Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination of the development of the specification(s) for paraffinic diesel from synthesis or hydrotreatment and blends with fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) -
Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen - Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den entsprechenden Grenzwerten und deren Bestimmung
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique - Historique sur la définition des paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leurs déterminations respectives
Goriva za motorna vozila - Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo in izhodišča zahtevanih parametrov, mejnih vrednosti in določevanja
To tehnično poročilo pojasnjuje zahteve in preskusne metode za parafinsko dizelsko gorivo iz sinteze (XTL) ali postopka s hidrogeniranjem (HVO) in za mešanice tega goriva z metilnimi estri maščobnih kislin (FAME) v skladu z evropskimi specifikacijami za gorivo pri prodaji in dobavi. Zagotavlja dodatne informacije za oceno (odobritve) končnega besedila standarda ter navodila in pojasnila za proizvajalce, pripravljavce mešanic, trgovce in uporabnike parafinskega dizelskega goriva za motorna vozila.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16389:2012
01-maj-2012
*RULYD]DPRWRUQDYR]LOD3DUDILQVNRGL]HOVNRJRULYRLQL]KRGLãþD]DKWHYDQLK
SDUDPHWURYPHMQLKYUHGQRVWLLQGRORþHYDQMD
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and Background to the parameters required and
their limits and determination
Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen -
Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den entsprechenden Grenzwerten und
deren Bestimmung
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique - Historique sur la définition des
paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leurs déterminations respectives
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TR 16389
ICS:
75.160.20 7HNRþDJRULYD Liquid fuels
oSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16389:2012 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
oSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16389:2012
oSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16389:2012
TECHNICAL REPORT
FINAL DRAFT
FprCEN/TR 16389
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
March 2012
ICS 75.160.20
English Version
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends -
Background to the parameters required and their respective
limits and determination
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique - Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff
Historique sur la définition des paramètres requis, de leurs
und Kraftstoff-Mischungen - Hintergrund zu den
limites et de leurs déterminations respectives erforderlichen Parametern, den entsprechenden
Grenzwerten und deren Bestimmung
This draft Technical Report is submitted to CEN members for Technical Committee Approval. It has been drawn up by the Technical
Committee CEN/TC 19.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a Technical Report. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a Technical Report.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TR 16389:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
oSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16389:2012
FprCEN/TR 16389:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Summary of the XTL-HVO taskforce work .4
4 Record of the work to date .5
4.1 Context .5
4.2 Paraffinic diesel fuel and FAME blending Task Force .6
4.3 Planning .6
5 The draft paraffinic diesel fuel specification .7
5.1 Parameters included .7
5.2 Considerations on the parameters .8
5.2.1 Cetane number .8
5.2.2 Density .9
5.2.3 Flash point . 10
5.2.4 Viscosity . 11
5.2.5 Distillation characteristics . 12
5.2.6 Lubricity . 13
5.2.7 Total aromatics content . 14
5.2.8 Sulfur content . 15
5.2.9 Contamination . 15
5.2.10 Copper strip corrosion . 16
5.2.11 Oxidation stability . 16
5.2.12 FAME . 17
5.2.12.1 FAME content . 17
5.2.12.2 FAME contamination issues . 17
5.3 Parameters considered and not included in the draft specification . 18
5.3.1 Poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and olefin content . 18
5.3.2 Elastomer compatibility . 19
5.3.3 Cetane index . 20
6 Conclusions . 20
7 Acknowledgement . 20
Bibliography . 21
oSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16389:2012
FprCEN/TR 16389:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (FprCEN/TR 16389:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous
and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of
which is held by NEN.
This document is currently submitted to the Technical Committee Approval.
This document presents all decisions that led to the proposed draft of FprCEN/TS 15940 in order to support
the enquiry ballot. This document includes all decisions that have been taken following comments and further
investigations leading to the effective publication of the specification for paraffinic diesel from synthesis (XTL)
or hydrotreatment (HVO).
oSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16389:2012
FprCEN/TR 16389:2012 (E)
1 Scope
This document explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered paraffinic diesel from
synthesis (XTL) or hydrotreatment (HVO) and of blends thereof with fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) according to
European fuel specifications. It provides background information to judge the (approval of the) final text of the
standard and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of paraffinic
automotive diesel.
NOTE 1 This document is directly related to the pending development of FprCEN/TS 15940 and should be updated
once further publications take place.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass
fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 590, Automotive fuels – Diesel – Requirements and test methods
prEN 14214:2011, Liquid petroleum products — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines —
Requirements and test methods
CWA 15940, Automotive fuels — Paraffinic diesel from synthesis or hydrotreatment —Requirements and test
methods
3 Summary of the XTL-HVO taskforce work
Following the 68th CEN Technical Board meeting, CEN/TC 19 had been requested to check eventually existing
conflicts between the scope of work as proposed for Workshop 61 on "Automotive fuels - Blends of paraffinic
diesel from synthesis (XTL) or hydrotreatment (HVO) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) - Requirements and
test methods". At a CEN/TC 19/WG 24 meeting on 30 November 2010, the consensus was that there was a
possible conflict between EN 590 and the Workshop 61. The advice to both the proposers and CEN/TC 19 was to
take upon the work on XTL/HVO. A TF under WG 24 was established in order to address the matter and also
allowing specific paraffinic diesel fuel and engine experts to exchange information.
On 13 December 2010, the workshop 61 proposers had a teleconference with the TC Chairman and Secretary on
the way forward for the agreed upon TF under WG 24. In the spirit of harmonisation, they thought it advisable that
the already existing CWA 15940 should also be revised. That document had been developed in 2007 – 2009 by a
CEN Workshop 38 and was meant for dedicated fleet usage. As already in 2010, XTL product were already
reaching the EU and certain fleets had expressed interest in purchases on the basis of CWA 15940, the CWA
would need to stay in place until any revisions had been completed.
Hence, a proposal to accept the idea of Workshop 61 as an active work under CEN/TC 19, followed by a revision
of CWA 15940 was balloted. At the plenary meeting of May 2011, CEN/TC 19 accepted the two proposals for new
work. In view of the time pressure, the paraffinic diesel - FAME blends needed to be specified via a CEN/TS.
The work on the specifications was developed during a series of Paraffinic diesel fuel and FAME blending Task
Force (TF XTL-HVO) meetings between May and November 2011, and is presented by means of this Technical
Report. The draft technical specification, now referenced by the identification FprCEN/TS 15940, comprises a set
of properties and limit values to define an adequate quality of the paraffinic diesel fuel and recommendations for
precautions to be taken.
Revision pending
oSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16389:2012
FprCEN/TR 16389:2012 (E)
Discussion in the TF started with the task to handle only blends with FAME; CWA 15940 was to remain for the
short term as an assurance for the industry for a non-FAME containing product. This meant that the actual
situation from 0% to 7% as in EN 590 was copied. Because CWA 15940 allowed limited FAME blending for
lubricity, the TF concluded that distinguishing (for instance via classes) between no FAME and up to 7%
FAME would be highly artificial. Therefore, a suggestion to CEN/TC 19 was made to draft the CEN/TS as a
replacement of CWA 15940 and to use it for up to 7% blending.
It should be noted that the draft standard has been considered on the basis of the FAME blend component
specification prEN 14214:2011 (FAME) and the last version of the EN 590 (diesel) standard. Revision discussion
on those documents has been included in the discussions. However FprCEN/TS 15940 still contains some
pending issues, which are noted as such in the text of this Technical Report.
Many of the test methods proposed by the test methods experts are being examined to determine their
applicability to paraffinic fuel and to determine if their precision is sufficient to support the limit values proposed.
This activity is being undertaken in several other CEN working groups where the specialists in methods are
present.
4 Record of the work to date
4.1 Context
From an environmental perspective, paraffinic diesel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with virtually no sulfur
and aromatics. Paraffinic diesel fuel can be used in existing diesel engines, substantially reducing regulated
and unregulated emissions. In order to have the greatest possible emissions reduction, a specific calibration
may be necessary. Paraffinic diesel fuel will also offer a meaningful contribution to the target of increased non-
petroleum/renewable content in transportation fuel pool.
As some production processes result in a fuel containing cyclo-paraffins, next to n paraffins and iso paraffins,
they show different cetane number compared to other paraffinic diesel fuels. Hence, two classes, showing
improved ignition quality compared to regular diesel fuel, have been defined. Both are intended for use in
dedicated diesel vehicle fleets.
Worldwide, energy policy makers are increasingly keen to move away from petroleum-based fuels to more
diverse or renewa
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2012
*RULYD]DPRWRUQDYR]LOD3DUDILQVNRGL]HOVNRJRULYRLQL]KRGLãþD]DKWHYDQLK
SDUDPHWURYPHMQLKYUHGQRVWLLQGRORþHYDQMD
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and Background to the parameters required and
their limits and determination
Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen -
Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den entsprechenden Grenzwerten und
deren Bestimmung
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique - Historique sur la définition des
paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leurs déterminations respectives
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16389:2012
ICS:
75.160.20 7HNRþDJRULYD Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 16389
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
August 2012
ICS 75.160.20
English Version
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends -
Background to the parameters required and their respective
limits and determination
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique - Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff
Historique sur la définition des paramètres requis, de leurs und Kraftstoff-Mischungen - Hintergrund zu den
limites et de leurs déterminations respectives erforderlichen Parametern, den entsprechenden
Grenzwerten und deren Bestimmung
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 July 2012. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16389:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Summary of the XTL-HVO taskforce work .4
4 Record of the work to date .5
4.1 Context .5
4.2 Paraffinic diesel fuel and FAME blending Task Force .6
4.3 Planning .6
5 The draft paraffinic diesel fuel specification .7
5.1 Parameters included .7
5.2 Considerations on the parameters .8
5.2.1 Cetane number .8
5.2.2 Density .9
5.2.3 Flash point . 10
5.2.4 Viscosity . 10
5.2.5 Distillation characteristics . 11
5.2.6 Lubricity . 13
5.2.7 Total aromatics content . 14
5.2.8 Sulfur content . 14
5.2.9 Contamination . 15
5.2.10 Copper strip corrosion . 16
5.2.11 Oxidation stability . 16
5.2.12 FAME . 17
5.2.12.1 FAME content . 17
5.2.12.2 FAME contamination issues . 17
5.3 Parameters considered and not included in the draft specification . 18
5.3.1 Poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and olefin content . 18
5.3.3 Cetane index . 20
6 Conclusions . 20
7 Acknowledgement . 20
Bibliography . 21
Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16389:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and
liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of
which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document presents all decisions that led to the proposed draft of CEN/TS 15940 in order to support the
enquiry ballot. This document includes all decisions that have been taken following comments and further
investigations leading to the effective publication of the specification for paraffinic diesel from synthesis (XTL)
or hydrotreatment (HVO).
1 Scope
This Technical Report explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered paraffinic diesel
from synthesis (XTL) or hydrotreatment (HVO) and of blends thereof with fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)
according to European fuel specifications. It provides background information to judge the (approval of the) final
text of the standard and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of
paraffinic automotive diesel.
NOTE 1 This document is directly related to the development of CEN/TS 15940 and will be updated once further
publications take place.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass
fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 590:2009/A1:2010, Automotive fuels – Diesel – Requirements and test methods
1)
EN 14214:2012 , Liquid petroleum products — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and
heating applications — Requirements and test methods
CEN/TS 15940, Automotive fuels — Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment — Requirements
and test methods
3 Summary of the XTL-HVO taskforce work
Following the 68th CEN Technical Board meeting, CEN/TC 19 had been requested to check eventually existing
conflicts between the scope of work as proposed for Workshop 61 on "Automotive fuels - Blends of paraffinic
diesel from synthesis (XTL) or hydrotreatment (HVO) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) - Requirements and
test methods". At a CEN/TC 19/WG 24 meeting on 30 November 2010, the consensus was that there was a
possible conflict between EN 590 and the Workshop 61. The advice to both the proposers and CEN/TC 19 was to
take upon the work on XTL/HVO. A TF under WG 24 was established in order to address the matter and also
allowing specific paraffinic diesel fuel and engine experts to exchange information.
On 13 December 2010, the workshop 61 proposers had a teleconference with the TC Chairman and Secretary on
the way forward for the agreed upon TF under WG 24. In the spirit of harmonisation, they thought it advisable that
the already existing CWA 15940 should also be revised. That document had been developed in 2007 – 2009 by a
CEN Workshop 38 and was meant for dedicated fleet usage. As already in 2010, XTL product were already
reaching the EU and certain fleets had expressed interest in purchases on the basis of CWA 15940, the
CWA would need to stay in place until any revisions had been completed.
Hence, a proposal to accept the idea of Workshop 61 as an active work under CEN/TC 19, followed by a revision
of CWA 15940 was balloted. At the plenary meeting of May 2011, CEN/TC 19 accepted the two proposals for new
work. In view of the time pressure, the paraffinic diesel - FAME blends needed to be specified via a CEN/TS.
The work on the specifications was developed during a series of Paraffinic diesel fuel and FAME blending Task
Force (TF XTL-HVO) meetings between May and November 2011, and is presented by means of this Technical
Report. The draft technical specification, now referenced by the identification CEN/TS 15940, comprises a set of
properties and limit values to define an adequate quality of the paraffinic diesel fuel and recommendations for
precautions to be taken.
1) Under publication
Discussion in the TF started with the task to handle only blends with FAME; CWA 15940 was to remain for the
short term as an assurance for the industry for a non-FAME containing product. This meant that the actual
situation from 0 % to 7 % as in EN 590 was copied. Because CWA 15940 allowed limited FAME blending for
lubricity, the TF concluded that distinguishing (for instance via classes) between no FAME and up to 7 %
FAME would be highly artificial. Therefore, a suggestion to CEN/TC 19 was made to draft the CEN/TS as a
replacement of CWA 15940 and to use it for up to 7 % blending.
It should be noted that the draft standard has been considered on the basis of the FAME blend component
specification EN 14214:2012 (FAME) and the last version of the EN 590 (diesel) standard. Revision discussion on
those documents has been included in the discussions. However CEN/TS 15940 still contains some pending
issues, which are noted as such in the text of this Technical Report.
Many of the test methods proposed by the test methods experts are being examined to determine their
applicability to paraffinic fuel and to determine if their precision is sufficient to support the limit values proposed.
This activity is being undertaken in several other CEN working groups where the specialists in methods are
present.
4 Record of the work to date
4.1 Context
From an environmental perspective, paraffinic diesel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with virtually no sulfur
and aromatics. Paraffinic diesel fuel can be used in existing diesel engines, substantially reducing regulated
and unregulated emissions. In order to have the greatest possible emissions reduction, a specific calibration
may be necessary. Paraffinic diesel fuel will also offer a meaningful contribution to the target of increased non-
petroleum/renewable content in transportation fuel pool.
As some production processes result in a fuel containing cyclo-paraffins, next to n paraffins and iso paraffins,
they show different cetane number compared to other paraffinic diesel fuels. Hence, two classes, showing
improved ignition quality compared to regular diesel fuel, have been defined. Both are intended for use in
dedicated diesel vehicle fleets.
Worldwide, energy policy makers are increasingly keen to move away from petroleum-based fuels to more
diverse or renewable sources of energy for reasons of environmental protection, energy security and
continued economic development. Amongst the available solutions are the synthetic paraffinic fuels, already
discussed in a CEN workshop WS 38, which led to the workshop specification CWA 15940. Typical production
processes, covered by that workshop, are:
1) Fischer Tropsch synthesis (XTL),
2) Hydrotreatment of vegetable oi
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.