EN ISO 18278-1:2022

Resistance welding - Weldability - Part 1: General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic materials (ISO 18278-1:2022)

This document specifies procedures for assessing the generic weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of uncoated and coated metals.
The purpose of the tests described in this document are to
a) compare the metallurgical weldability of different metals,
b) assess the weldability of differing component designs, e.g. dimensional configuration, stack-up, projection geometry, etc.,
c) investigate the effect of changes in welding parameters such as welding current, weld time, electrode force or complex welding schedules including pulse welding, current stepping etc. on weldability, and/or
d) compare the performance of resistance welding equipment.
Precise details of the test procedure to be used depend on which aspect of items a) to d) will be evaluated relative to the welding result obtained.

Widerstandsschweißen - Schweißeignung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen an die Bewertung der Schweißeignung von Widerstandspunkt-, Rollennaht- und Buckelschweißen von metallischen Werkstoffen (ISO 18278-1:2022)

Dieses Dokument legt Verfahren für das Bewerten der allgemeinen Schweißeignung für das Widerstandspunkt-, Rollennaht- und Buckelschweißen unbeschichteter und beschichteter Metalle fest.
Die in diesem Dokument beschriebenen Prüfungen dienen folgenden Zwecken:
a)   Vergleichen der metallurgischen Schweißeignung der unterschiedlichen Metalle;
b)   Bewerten der Schweißeignung unterschiedlich gestalteter Bauteile, z. B. der maßlichen Konfiguration, der Schichtung der zu schweißenden Teile, der geometrischen Gestalt des Schweiß-buckels usw.;
c)   Untersuchen des Einflusses von Veränderungen der Schweißparameter auf die Schweißeignung, wie Schweißstrom, Schweißzeit, Elektrodenkraft oder komplizierte Schweißprogramme einschließlich Mehrimpulsschweißen, Stepperfunktion für den Schweißstrom usw.; und/oder
d)   Vergleichen der Leistungsfähigkeit der Widerstandsschweißeinrichtung.
Die genauen Details des anzuwendenden Prüfverfahrens hängen davon ab, welcher Aspekt der Punkte a) bis d) in Bezug auf das erhaltene Schweißergebnis zu bewerten ist.

Soudage par résistance - Soudabilité - Partie 1: Exigences générales pour l'évaluation de la soudabilité pour le soudage par résistance par points, à la molette et par bossages des matériaux métalliques (ISO 18278-1:2022)

Le présent document spécifie les modes opératoires à suivre pour évaluer la soudabilité générique pour le soudage par résistance par points, à la molette et par bossage des métaux revêtus et non revêtus.
L'objectif des essais décrits dans le présent document est:
a) de comparer la soudabilité métallurgique de différents métaux,
b) d’évaluer la soudabilité des différentes configurations d'assemblage, telles que la configuration dimensionnelle, l’empilement de tôles, la géométrie du bossage, etc.,
c) d’étudier les effets des changements sur les paramètres de soudage tels que le courant de soudage, le temps de soudage, l'effort de soudage ou les programmes de soudage complexes incluant le soudage avec pulsations, l'incrémentation du courant de soudage, etc., et/ou
d) de comparer les performances des matériels pour le soudage par résistance.
Les détails précis du mode opératoire d'essai à utiliser dépendent de la nature exacte des points a) à d) à évaluer en rapport avec le résultat obtenu en soudage.

Uporovno varjenje - Varivost - 1. del: Splošne zahteve za vrednotenje varivosti pri uporovnem točkovnem, kolutnem in bradavičnem varjenju kovinskih materialov (ISO 18278-1:2022)

Ta dokument določa postopke za ocenjevanje splošne varivosti za uporovno točkovno, kolutno in bradavično varjenje prevlečenih in neprevlečenih kovin.
Preskusi, opisani v tem dokumentu, so namenjeni za:
a) primerjavo metalurške varivosti različnih kovin;
b) ocenjevanje varivosti komponent z različnimi zasnovami, npr. dimenzijska konfiguracija, nalaganje plasti, projektivna geometrija itd.;
c) raziskovanje učinkov sprememb parametrov varjenja, kot so varilni tok, čas varjenja, sila elektrode ali kompleksni načrti varjenja, vključno s pulznim varjenjem, koračnim povečevanjem varilnega toka itd., na varivost; in/ali d) primerjavo zmogljivosti opreme za uporovno varjenje.
Natančne podrobnosti preskusnega postopka, ki ga je treba uporabiti, so odvisne od tega, kateri vidik postavk od točke a) do d) se bo ocenjeval v povezavi z dobljenim rezultatom varjenja.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Jun-2022
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Dec-2022
• ICS: 25.160.01 - Welding, brazing and soldering in general
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 121 - Welding
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 121/SC 4 - Quality management in the field of welding
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Completion Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2022 - Resistance welding - Weldability - Part 1: General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic materials (ISO 18278-1:2022)

Relations

• Replaces: EN ISO 14327:2004 - Resistance welding - Procedures for determining the weldability lobe for resistance spot, projection and seam welding (ISO 14327:2004)
• Effective Date: 06-Jul-2022
• Replaces: EN ISO 18278-1:2015 - Resistance welding - Weldability - Part 1: General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic materials (ISO 18278-1:2015)
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2022

Overview

EN ISO 18278-1:2022 - "Resistance welding - Weldability - Part 1" - defines general requirements and test procedures for assessing the weldability of metallic materials using resistance spot, seam and projection welding. Applicable to both uncoated and coated metals, the standard provides a consistent framework to compare metallurgical weldability, evaluate component designs and projections, study the effect of welding parameters, and benchmark resistance welding equipment.

Key objectives of the standard:

• Compare metallurgical weldability of different metals
• Assess weldability of varying component designs and stack-ups
• Investigate effects of welding parameters (current, time, electrode force, pulse schedules)
• Compare performance of resistance welding equipment

EN ISO 18278-1:2022 supersedes earlier editions and introduces the concept of the weldability lobe for characterizing process windows.

Key Topics

The standard covers technical requirements and test methods including:

• Preparation of welding equipment

  • Welding machine and electrode selection for spot, seam and projection welding
  • Measurement of essential parameters: welding current, electrode force, weld time

• Basic test procedures

  • Welding current range test - determine usable current range
  • Electrode life test - evaluate electrode wear and degradation
  • Weldability lobe test - identify stable welding parameter windows (newly emphasized concept)

• Evaluation of weld properties

  • Mechanical tests: tensile shear, mechanized peel, cross-tension
  • Metallurgical evaluation: macro-sections and hardness testing
  • Shop-floor test guidance and reporting requirements

• Test reporting

  • Standardized information to record test conditions, results and interpretation

Applications

EN ISO 18278-1:2022 is practical for organizations that need reliable, comparable assessments of resistance welding processes:

• Automotive manufacturers and suppliers performing mass-production spot and seam welding
• Welding process engineers developing or optimizing welding schedules (pulse, current stepping)
• Material and joining laboratories comparing metallic substrates, coatings and stack-ups
• Equipment manufacturers validating machine performance and electrode life
• Quality and R&D teams using weldability lobes to define robust process windows

Using this standard helps reduce trial-and-error, improve joint quality, extend electrode life and ensure reproducible production settings.

Related Standards

• ISO 669 (Resistance welding equipment - Mechanical and electrical requirements) - referenced for equipment requirements
• Other parts of the ISO 18278 series (see ISO catalogue) provide additional, more specific guidance

By following EN ISO 18278-1:2022, practitioners obtain a structured, internationally harmonized approach to evaluate and document resistance welding weldability for spot, seam and projection processes.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 14327:2004
SIST EN ISO 18278-1:2015
Uporovno varjenje - Varivost - 1. del: Splošne zahteve za vrednotenje varivosti pri
uporovnem točkovnem, kolutnem in bradavičnem varjenju kovinskih materialov
(ISO 18278-1:2022)
Resistance welding - Weldability - Part 1: General requirements for the evaluation of
weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic materials (ISO
18278-1:2022)
Widerstandsschweißen - Schweißeignung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen an die
Bewertung der Schweißeignung von Widerstandspunkt-, Rollennaht- und
Buckelschweißen von metallischen Werkstoffen (ISO 18278-1:2022)
Soudage par résistance - Soudabilité - Partie 1: Exigences générales pour l'évaluation
de la soudabilité pour le soudage par résistance par points, à la molette et par bossages
des matériaux métalliques (ISO 18278-1:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18278-1:2022
ICS:
25.160.10 Varilni postopki in varjenje Welding processes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 18278-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.160.01 Supersedes EN ISO 18278-1:2015
English Version
Resistance welding - Weldability - Part 1: General
requirements for the evaluation of weldability for
resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic
materials (ISO 18278-1:2022)
Soudage par résistance - Soudabilité - Partie 1: Widerstandsschweißen - Schweißeignung - Teil 1:
Exigences générales pour l'évaluation de la soudabilité Allgemeine Anforderungen an die Bewertung der
pour le soudage par résistance par points, à la molette Schweißeignung von Widerstandspunkt-, Rollennaht-
et par bossages des matériaux métalliques (ISO 18278- und Buckelschweißen von metallischen Werkstoffen
1:2022) (ISO 18278-1:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 May 2022.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18278-1:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 18278-1:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding
and allied processes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied
processes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2022, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 18278-1:2015.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18278-1:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18278-1:2022 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18278-1
Third edition
2022-05
Resistance welding — Weldability —
Part 1:
General requirements for the
evaluation of weldability for
resistance spot, seam and projection
welding of metallic materials
Soudage par résistance — Soudabilité —
Partie 1: Exigences générales pour l'évaluation de la soudabilité pour
le soudage par résistance par points, à la molette et par bossages des
matériaux métalliques
Reference number
ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Weldability . 4
4.1 Weldability of a component . 4
4.1.1 General . 4
4.1.2 Metallurgical weldability . 5
4.1.3 Operative weldability . 5
4.1.4 Constructional weldability . 5
4.2 Criteria for the evaluation of weldability. 5
5 Preparation of welding equipment .6
5.1 Welding machine . 6
5.2 Welding electrodes . 6
5.2.1 General . 6
5.2.2 Spot welding . 6
5.2.3 Seam welding . . . 6
5.2.4 Projection welding . 6
5.3 Measurement of parameters . 7
5.3.1 Welding current . 7
5.3.2 Electrode force . 7
6 Test procedures . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Basic test procedures . 7
6.2.1 Essential variables . 7
6.2.2 Welding current range test . 7
6.2.3 Electrode life test . 8
6.2.4 Weldability lobe test . 9
6.3 Evaluation of weld properties . 10
6.3.1 General . 10
6.3.2 Shop floor tests . 10
6.3.3 Tensile shear testing . 10
6.3.4 Mechanized peel testing . 11
6.3.5 Cross-tension testing . 11
6.3.6 Macro-sections and hardness test . 11
6.3.7 Further weld properties . 11
7 Test report .11
7.1 General . 11
7.2 Welding current range test . . 11
7.3 Electrode life test . 12
7.4 Weldability lobe test . 12
Annex A (informative) How to evaluate the mass and friction of the welding head .14
Bibliography .15
iii
ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes,
Subcommittee SC 6, Resistance welding and allied mechanical joining, in collaboration with the European
Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding and allied processes,
in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 18278-1:2015) and the first edition of
ISO 14327:2004, which have been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the concept of weldability lobe was added to this document.
A list of all parts in the ISO 18278 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
Resistance welding — Weldability —
Part 1:
General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for
resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic
materials
1 Scope
This document specifies procedures for assessing the generic weldability for resistance spot, seam and
projection welding of uncoated and coated metals.
The purpose of the tests described in this document are to
a) compare the metallurgical weldability of different metals,
b) assess the weldability of differing component designs, e.g. dimensional configuration, stack-up,
projection geometry, etc.,
c) investigate the effect of changes in welding parameters such as welding current, weld time,
electrode force or complex welding schedules including pulse welding, current stepping etc. on
weldability, and/or
d) compare the performance of resistance welding equipment.
Precise details of the test procedure to be used depend on which aspect of items a) to d) will be
evaluated relative to the welding result obtained.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 669, Resistance welding — Resistance welding equipment — Mechanical and electrical requirements
ISO 693, Dimensions of seam welding wheel blanks
ISO 5182, Resistance welding — Materials for electrodes and ancillary equipment
ISO 5821, Resistance welding — Spot welding electrode caps
ISO 8167, Resistance welding — Embossed projection welding — Projections for resistance welding
ISO 14270, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and procedure for
mechanized peel testing resistance spot, seam and embossed projection welds
ISO 14271, Resistance welding — Vickers hardness testing (low-force and microhardness) of resistance
spot, projection, and seam welds
ISO 14272, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and procedure for
cross tension testing of resistance spot and embossed projection welds
ISO 18278-1:2022(E)
ISO 14273, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and procedure for
tensile shear testing resistance spot and embossed projection welds
ISO 15609-5, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding
procedure specification — Part 5: Resistance welding
ISO 15614-12, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding
procedure test — Part 12: Spot, seam and projection welding
ISO 16432, Resistance welding — Procedure for projection welding of uncoated and coated low carbon
steels using embossed projection(s)
ISO 17657-2, Resistance welding — Welding current measurement for resistance welding — Part 2: Welding
current meter with current sensing coil
ISO 17677-1, Resistance welding — Vocabulary — Part 1: Spot, projection and seam welding
ISO/TR 581, Weldability — Metallic materials — General principles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17677-1, ISO 669, ISO/TR 581
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
weldability
capacity of the component to be welded under the imposed fabrication conditions
into a specific suitability designed structure and to perform satisfactorily in the intended service
3.2
welding current range
welding current domain allowing the production of
...