EN ISO 6246:2017

Petroleum products - Gum content of fuels - Jet evaporation method (ISO 6246:2017, Corrected version 2024-09)

ISO 6246:2017 specifies a method for determining the existent gum content of aviation fuels and the gum content of motor gasoline or other volatile distillates. It includes the determination of products containing ethanol (up to a volume fraction of 85 %) and ether-type oxygenates and deposit control additives.
For determination of gum content in automotive ethanol (E85) fuel, no precision data is available (see 14.1).
For non-aviation fuels, a procedure for the determination of the heptane-insoluble portion of the residue is also described.

Mineralölerzeugnisse - Abdampfrückstand von Kraftstoffen - Aufblaseverfahren (ISO 6246:2017, korrigierte Fassung 2024-09)

Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des vorhandenen Abdampfrückstandes von Flugkraftstoffen sowie des Abdampfrückstands von Ottokraftstoffen oder anderen leichtflüchtigen Destillaten fest. Es beinhaltet die Prüfung von Ethanol-haltigen Produkten (bis zu einem Volumenanteil von 85 %), sauerstoffhaltigen Verbindungen in Form von Ethern und Additiven für die Ablagerungskontrolle.
Für die Bestimmung des Abdampfrückstandes von Ethanol(E85) Kraftstoff für Fahrzeuge sind keine Präzisionsdaten verfügbar (siehe 14.1).
Für andere als Flugkraftstoffe ist auch ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des heptanunlöslichen Anteils des Rückstandes beschrieben.
ACHTUNG - Dieses Verfahren ist nicht für die Prüfung von Ottokraftstoff-Komponenten, insbesondere solcher mit einem hohen Anteil an niedrigsiedenden, ungesättigten Verbindungen, vorgesehen, da diese während der Verdampfung Explosionen verursachen können.

Produits pétroliers - Teneur en gommes des carburants - Méthode d'évaporation au jet (ISO 6246:2017, Version corrigée 2024-09)

ISO 6246:2017 spécifie une méthode de détermination de la teneur en gommes actuelles dans les essences aviation et de la teneur en gomme dans les essences automobiles et les distillats volatils. Ce document comprend dans son domaine d'application les produits contenant de l'éthanol (jusqu'à une fraction volumique de 85 %), des composés oxygénés de type éther ainsi que des additifs de contrôle de dépôts.
Pour la détermination de la teneur en gommes dans le carburant éthanol pour automobiles (E85), aucune valeur de fidélité n'est disponible (voir 14.1).
Pour les essences autres que pour l'aviation, une procédure de détermination de la fraction insoluble dans l'heptane du résidu est également décrite.

Naftni proizvodi - Vsebnost smolnega ostanka v lahkih in srednjih destilatnih gorivih - Metoda s prepihavanjem (ISO 6246:2017)

Ta dokument določa metodo za določevanje obstoječe vsebnosti smolnega ostanka v letalskih gorivih in vsebnosti smolnega ostanka v bencinu za motorna vozila ali drugih hlapnih destilatih. Vključuje določevanje izdelkov, ki vsebujejo etanol (s prostorninskim deležem do vključno 85 %) ter etrske kisikove spojine in aditive za nadzor ostankov.
Za določevanje vsebnosti smolnega ostanka v etanolu (E85), ki se uporablja kot motorno gorivo, ni na voljo podatkov o natančnosti (glej točko 14.1).
Za goriva, ki se ne uporabljajo v letalstvu, je opisan tudi postopek za določevanje dela ostanka, ki ni topen v heptanu.
POZOR – ta metoda ni namenjena za preskušanje komponent bencina, zlasti tistih z visokim deležem nenasičenih spojin z nizkim vreliščem, ker lahko med izhlapevanjem povzročijo eksplozije.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 04-Apr-2017
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Oct-2017
• ICS: 75.160 - Fuels
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 19 - Petroleum products, lubricants and related products
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 19 - Petroleum products, lubricants and related products
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 05-Apr-2017
• Completion Date: 05-Apr-2017
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 6246:2017 - Petroleum products - Gum content of light and middle distillate fuels - Jet evaporation method (ISO 6246:2017)

Relations

• Replaces: EN ISO 6246:1997 - Petroleum products - Gum content of light and middle distillate fuels - Jet evaporation method (ISO 6246:1995)
• Effective Date: 25-Dec-2013
• Amended By: EN ISO 6246:2017/A1:2019 - Petroleum products - Gum content of fuels - Jet evaporation method - Amendment 1: Purity requirement for n-heptane (ISO 6246:2017/Amd 1:2019)
• Effective Date: 30-Jan-2019

Overview

EN ISO 6246:2017 (endorsed by CEN) defines the jet evaporation method for measuring the gum content of fuels. It specifies procedures to determine the existent gum in aviation turbine fuels and the gum content of motor gasoline and other volatile distillates, including products containing ethanol (up to 85 % by volume), ether-type oxygenates, and deposit-control additives. The standard aligns with modern fuel blends and replaces earlier editions.

Key Topics

• Scope and warning
  • Tests cover aviation fuels and non‑aviation volatile distillates; E85 (automotive ethanol) gum analysis has no precision data provided (see clause 14.1).
  • Contains a safety caution: not intended for some gasoline components with high fractions of low‑boiling unsaturated compounds (risk of explosion during evaporation).
• Principle
  • Evaporate a measured fuel portion under controlled temperature and a flow of air or steam; weigh the resulting evaporation residue (gum).
  • For non‑aviation fuels, an additional heptane extraction step is described to determine the heptane‑insoluble portion (removes non‑volatile oils/additives).
• Terminology
  • Existent gum: evaporation residue of aviation fuels without further treatment.
  • Unwashed gum and solvent‑washed gum: terms used for non‑aviation fuels (before and after heptane washing).
• Reagents and supplies
  • Typical reagents: heptane, toluene, acetone, and a 1:1 toluene/acetone gum solvent.
  • Air supply: filtered, gauge pressure ≤ 35 kPa; steam supply: oil‑free, pressure ≥ 35 kPa.
• Method components
  • Apparatus assembly (air‑jet and steam‑jet setups), calibration, sampling, test procedure, calculation and expression of results, and precision information (repeatability/reproducibility).

Applications

• Who uses it
  • Fuel testing laboratories, refinery and distribution quality control, aviation fuel handlers, fuel additive manufacturers, regulatory bodies, and organizations responsible for fuel specification compliance.
• Practical value
  • Detects contamination, higher‑boiling oils or particulate carryover in aviation fuel handling and storage.
  • Helps assess oxidation products and potential induction‑system deposit risks in motor gasoline.
  • Supports quality control for modern blended fuels containing ethanol and oxygenates.

Related Standards

Relevant normative references cited in EN ISO 6246:2017 include:

• ISO 3170, ISO 3171 (sampling)
• ISO 3696 (water for lab use)
• ISO 4259 (precision data handling)
• ISO 4788 (graduated cylinders)
• ASTM E2251-14 (thermometers)
• National thermometer standards (BS 2000 / IP)

Keywords: EN ISO 6246:2017, ISO 6246:2017, gum content, jet evaporation method, aviation fuels, motor gasoline, E85, heptane‑insoluble, existent gum, solvent‑washed gum, fuel quality testing.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 6246:1998
Naftni proizvodi - Vsebnost smolnega ostanka v lahkih in srednjih destilatnih
gorivih - Metoda s prepihavanjem (ISO 6246:2017)
Petroleum products - Gum content of light and middle distillate fuels - Jet evaporation
method (ISO 6246:2017)
Mineralölerzeugnisse - Abdampfrückstand von leichtflüchtigen und Mitteldestillat-
Kraftstoffen - Aufblaseverfahren (ISO 6246:2017)
Produits pétroliers - Teneur en gommes des distillats légers et moyens - Méthode
d'évaporation au jet (ISO 6246:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 6246:2017
ICS:
75.160.20 7HNRþDJRULYD Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 6246
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 75.160.20 Supersedes EN ISO 6246:1997
English Version
Petroleum products - Gum content of fuels - Jet
evaporation method (ISO 6246:2017)
Produits pétroliers - Teneur en gommes des Mineralölerzeugnisse - Abdampfrückstand von
carburants - Méthode d'évaporation au jet (ISO Kraftstoffen - Aufblaseverfahren (ISO 6246:2017)
6246:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 February 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 6246:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 6246:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28 ” Petroleum
and related products, fuels and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources” in collaboration with
Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of
petroleum, synthetic and biological origin” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2017, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 6246:1997.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 6246:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 6246:2017 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 6246
Third edition
2017-03
Petroleum products — Gum content of
fuels — Jet evaporation method
Produits pétroliers — Teneur en gommes des carburants — Méthode
d’évaporation au jet
Reference number
ISO 6246:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
ISO 6246:2017(E)
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 6246:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Reagents . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Assembly of air-jet apparatus . 3
8 Assembly of steam-jet apparatus . 4
9 Calibration . 5
10 Samples and sampling . 5
11 Procedure. 5
12 Calculation of gum content . 7
13 Expression of results . 8
13.1 Aviation fuels . 8
13.2 Non-aviation fuels . 8
13.3 All fuel types . 8
14 Precision . 8
14.1 General . 8
14.2 Repeatability, r .8
14.3 Reproducibility, R .9
15 Test report . 9
Bibliography .10
ISO 6246:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and related products of synthetic or
biological origin.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6246:1995), which has been technically
[1]
revised and aligned with ASTM D381 .
It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 6246:1995/Cor 1:1998.
The changes incorporate modern methods for temperature measurement and clarification of various
measurement limits. Some process steps on the rounding of results are added. The precision in the
former edition was based on very old data using samples that did not contain components found in
modern gasoline, such as oxygenated compounds and deposit control additives. New precision
[3]
estimates from a 1997 joint ASTM/EI study are included. Unwashed and washed gum results for non-
aviation fuels can now be expressed to the nearest 0,5 mg/100 ml. This study and additional work in
[4] [5]
ASTM and CEN in 2014 have led to broadening of the scope to modern gasoline (blends).
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 6246:2017(E)
Introduction
The true significance of this test method for determining gum in motor gasoline is not firmly
established. It has been proven that high gum content can cause induction-system deposits and sticking
of intake valves, and in most cases, it can be assumed that low gum content will ensure absence of
induction-system difficulties. The user should, however, realize that the test is not of itself correlative
to induction-system deposits.
The primary purpose of the test, as applied to motor gasoline, is the measurement of the oxidation
products formed in the sample prior to or during the comparatively mild conditions of the test
procedure. Since many kinds of motor gasoline are purposely blended with non-volatile oils or additives,
the heptane extraction step is necessary to remove these from the evaporation residue so that the
deleterious material, gum, can be determined. With respect to aviation turbine fuels, large quantities
of gum are indicative of contamination of fuel by higher boiling oils or particulate matter and generally
reflect poor handling practices in distribution downstream of the refinery.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6246:2017(E)
Petroleum products — Gum content of fuels — Jet
evaporation method
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with
its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure
the safety and health of personnel prior to application of the document, and fulfil statutory and
regulatory requirements for this purpose.
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for determining the existent gum content of aviation fuels and the
gum content of motor gasoline or other volatile distillates. It includes the determination of products
containing ethanol (up to a volume fraction of 85 %) and ether-type oxygenates and deposit control
additives.
For determination of gum content in automotive ethanol (E85) fuel, no precision data is available
(see 14.1).
For non-aviation fuels, a procedure for the determination of the heptane-insoluble portion of the residue
is also described.
CAUTION — This method is not intended for the testing of gasoline components, particularly
those with a high percentage of low-boiling unsaturated compounds, as they can cause
explosions during evaporation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling
ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 4259, Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to
methods of test
ISO 4788, Laboratory glassware — Graduated measuring cylinders
ASTM E2251-14, Standard specification for liquid-in-glass ASTM thermometers with low-hazard
precision liquids
BS 2000, IP standard thermometers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
ISO 6246:2017(E)
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
existent gum
evaporation residue (3.2) of aviation fuels without any further treatment
3.2
evaporation residue
material that remains after controlled heating under a flow of air or steam
3.3
unwashed gum content
〈non-aviation fuel〉 evaporation residue (3.2) of the product under test without any further treatment
3.4
solvent-washed gum content
〈non-aviation fuel〉 residue remaining after the evaporation residue (3.2) has been washed with heptane
and the washings discarded
4 Principle
A measured test portion of fuel is evaporated under controlled conditions of temperature and flow
of air or steam. The resulting residue is weighed and may be subject to further treatment by solvent
washing and further weighing.
5 Reagents
During the analysis, unless otherwise stated, use reagents of recognized analytical grade. Water, where
sp
...