EN 10228-3:2016
(Main)Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgings
Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgings
This European Standard describes techniques to be used for the manual, pulse-echo, ultrasonic testing of forgings manufactured from ferritic and martensitic steel. Mechanized scanning techniques, such as immersion testing, may be used but should be agreed between the purchaser and supplier (see Clause 4).
This part of EN 10228 applies to four types of forgings, classified according to their shape and method of production. Types 1, 2 and 3 are essentially simple shapes. Type 4 covers complex shapes.
This part of EN 10228 does not apply to:
- closed die forgings;
- turbine rotor and generator forgings.
Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings is the subject of EN 10228-4.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schmiedestücken aus Stahl - Teil 3: Ultraschallprüfung von Schmiedestücken aus ferritischem oder martensitischem Stahl
La présente norme européenne décrit la méthode manuelle par réflexion d'ondes ultrasonores utilisée pour le contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en aciers ferritique et martensitique. Les méthodes de balayage automatique telles que l'essai par immersion peuvent être également utilisées, mais il convient qu’elles fassent l'objet d'un accord entre l’acheteur et le fournisseur (voir article 4).
La présente partie de l'EN 10228 porte sur les pièces forgées, classées en quatre familles suivant leur forme et leur mode de forgeage. Les familles 1, 2, et 3 recouvrent essentiellement les formes simples. La famille 4 concerne les formes complexes.
La présente partie de l'EN 10228 ne s'applique pas :
aux pièces estampées ;
aux rotors de turbine et aux alternateurs.
Le contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en aciers inoxydables austénitiques et austéno-ferritiques fait l'objet de l'EN 10228-4.
Essais non destructifs des pièces forgées en acier - Partie 3 : Contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en aciers ferritiques et martensitiques
La présente norme européenne décrit la méthode manuelle par réflexion d'ondes ultrasonores utilisée pour le contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en aciers ferritique et martensitique. Les méthodes de balayage automatique telles que l'essai par immersion peuvent être également utilisées, mais feront l'objet d'un accord entre fournisseur et client (voir article 4).
La présente partie de l'EN 10228 porte sur les pièces forgées, classées en quatre familles suivant leur forme et leur mode de forgeage. Les types 1, 2, et 3 recouvrent essentiellement les formes simples. Le type 4 concerne les formes complexes.
La présente partie de l'EN 10228 ne s'applique pas :
- aux pièces estampées ;
- aux rotors de turbine et aux alternateurs.
Le contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en acier inoxydable austénitique et austéno-ferritique fait l'objet de l'EN 10228-4.
Neporušitveno preskušanje jeklenih izkovkov - 3. del: Ultrazvočno preskušanje feritnih ali martenzitnih jeklenih izkovkov
Ta del standarda EN 10228 opisuje tehnike, ki se uporabljajo za ročno pulzno-odbojno ultrazvočno preskušanje izkovkov, izdelanih iz feritnega in martenzitnega jekla. Mehanizirane tehnike skeniranja, kot so preskusi s potopitvijo, se lahko uporabljajo, vendar naj bi se kupec in dobavitelj o tem predhodno strinjala (glej točko 4).
Ta del standarda EN 10228 se uporablja za štiri tipe izkovkov, ki so klasificirani glede na njihovo obliko in metodo izdelave. Tipi 1, 2 in 3 imajo preprosto obliko. Tip 4 zajema kompleksne oblike.
Ta del standarda EN 10228 se ne uporablja za:
– izkovke, proizvedene z zaprtimi kokilami,
– izkovke turbinskih rotorjev in generatorjev.
Ultrazvočno preskušanje izkovkov iz avstenitnega in feritno-avstenitnega nerjavnega jekla je predmet 4. dela standarda EN 10228.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-May-2016
- Withdrawal Date
- 30-Dec-2016
- Technical Committee
- ECISS/TC 111 - Steel castings and forgings
- Drafting Committee
- ECISS/TC 111 - Steel castings and forgings
- Current Stage
- 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 30-Mar-2023
- Completion Date
- 14-Apr-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 08-Jun-2016
Overview
EN 10228-3:2016 is the CEN European standard that specifies techniques for manual, pulse-echo ultrasonic testing (UT) of forgings made from ferritic or martensitic steels. It covers A-scan pulse-echo inspection methods, probe selection, calibration, sensitivity setting and scanning strategies for four forging shape types (Types 1–4, with Type 4 being complex shapes). The standard excludes closed-die forgings and turbine rotor/generator forgings and notes that mechanized or immersion scanning may be used only by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Scope: Manual pulse-echo UT of ferritic/martensitic steel forgings; separate part (EN 10228-4) covers austenitic and duplex stainless forgings.
- Test procedure: UT shall be performed using a written procedure (product specification, bespoke procedure, or EN 10228-3 with application-specific details). Procedure content requirements are listed (forging description, equipment, calibration, scanning plan, acceptance criteria, test report).
- Personnel: Qualification in accordance with EN ISO 9712 is mandatory.
- Equipment & probes:
- Instruments with A-scan presentation conforming to EN 12668-1.
- Probes per EN 12668-2; nominal frequency 1–6 MHz.
- Normal-beam probes: effective diameters 10–40 mm.
- Angle-beam probes: angles 35°–70°; effective area 20–625 mm².
- Dual-element probes required when near-surface testing is specified.
- Calibration & reference blocks: Calibration blocks per EN ISO 2400; reference blocks should represent the tested surface and typically include at least three reflectors to cover the depth range when using DAC/DGS techniques.
- Sensitivity & sizing: Sensitivity setting using DAC (distance-amplitude curve) or DGS techniques as specified; EN provides rules for recording levels, acceptance criteria, classification and sizing of discontinuities.
- Scanning & coverage: Defines grid scanning vs 100% coverage, scanning speeds, and special requirements for complex forgings (Clause 12).
Applications
- Quality control and acceptance testing of heat-treated and forged ferritic/martensitic steel components used in oil & gas, rail, heavy machinery, and general engineering.
- Incoming inspection, production-stage inspection, and final inspection where manual ultrasonic NDT is required.
- Useful for suppliers, NDT technicians, QA/QC engineers, and purchasers who need to specify agreed UT techniques, acceptance criteria and documentation requirements.
Who should use this standard
- NDT service providers and certified UT operators (per EN ISO 9712)
- Forging manufacturers and quality managers
- Procurement/specification engineers defining inspection requirements for steel forgings
Related standards
- EN 10228-1, EN 10228-2, EN 10228-4 (other parts of the forgings NDT series)
- EN 12668-1 / EN 12668-2 (UT instruments and probes)
- EN ISO 2400 (calibration block)
- EN ISO 16811 / EN ISO 16827 (sensitivity, sizing)
- EN 1330-1 / EN 1330-4 (NDT terminology)
Keywords: EN 10228-3:2016, ultrasonic testing, steel forgings, ferritic, martensitic, pulse-echo, NDT, DAC, DGS, probe frequency, EN ISO 9712.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 10228-3:2016 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgings". This standard covers: This European Standard describes techniques to be used for the manual, pulse-echo, ultrasonic testing of forgings manufactured from ferritic and martensitic steel. Mechanized scanning techniques, such as immersion testing, may be used but should be agreed between the purchaser and supplier (see Clause 4). This part of EN 10228 applies to four types of forgings, classified according to their shape and method of production. Types 1, 2 and 3 are essentially simple shapes. Type 4 covers complex shapes. This part of EN 10228 does not apply to: - closed die forgings; - turbine rotor and generator forgings. Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings is the subject of EN 10228-4.
This European Standard describes techniques to be used for the manual, pulse-echo, ultrasonic testing of forgings manufactured from ferritic and martensitic steel. Mechanized scanning techniques, such as immersion testing, may be used but should be agreed between the purchaser and supplier (see Clause 4). This part of EN 10228 applies to four types of forgings, classified according to their shape and method of production. Types 1, 2 and 3 are essentially simple shapes. Type 4 covers complex shapes. This part of EN 10228 does not apply to: - closed die forgings; - turbine rotor and generator forgings. Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings is the subject of EN 10228-4.
EN 10228-3:2016 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 77.040.20 - Non-destructive testing of metals; 77.140.85 - Iron and steel forgings. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 10228-3:2016 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 10228-3:1998. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 10228-3:2016 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 97/23/EC. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase EN 10228-3:2016 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schmiedestücken aus Stahl - Teil 3: Ultraschallprüfung von Schmiedestücken aus ferritischem oder martensitischem StahlEssais non destructifs des pièces forgées en acier - Partie 3: Contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en aciers ferritiques et martensitiquesNon-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgings77.140.85Železni in jekleni kovani izdelkiIron and steel forgings77.040.20Neporušitveno preskušanje kovinNon-destructive testing of metalsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 10228-3:2016SIST EN 10228-3:2016en,fr,de01-september-2016SIST EN 10228-3:2016SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 10228-3:20001DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 10228-3
June
t r s x ICS
y yä r v rä t râ
y yä s v rä z w Supersedes EN
s r t t zæ uã s { { zEnglish Version
Nonædestructive testing of steel forgings æ Part
uã Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgings Essais non destructifs des pièces forgées en acier æ Partie
u ã Contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en aciers ferritiques et martensitiques
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schmiedestücken aus Stahl æ Teil
uã Ultraschallprüfung von Schmiedestücken aus ferritischem oder martensitischem Stahl This European Standard was approved by CEN on
u October
t r s wä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey andUnited Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
t r s x CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s r t t zæ uã t r s x ESIST EN 10228-3:2016
European foreword . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Mandatory information . 6 5 Test procedure . 6 5.1 General . 6 5.2 Form . 6 5.3 Content . 7 6 Personnel qualification . 7 7 Equipment and accessories . 7 7.1 Instrument . 7 7.2 Probes. 7 7.2.1 General . 7 7.2.2 Contouring . 8 7.2.3 Nominal frequency . 8 7.2.4 Normal-beam probes . 8 7.2.5 Angle-beam probes . 8 7.2.6 Dual-element probes . 8 7.3 Calibration blocks . 8 7.4 Reference blocks . 8 7.5 Couplant. 8 8 Routine calibration and checking . 9 9 Stage of manufacture . 9 10 Surface condition . 9 10.1 General . 9 10.2 Surface finish related to quality class . 9 10.3 As-forged surface condition . 9 11 Test sensitivity . 10 11.1 General . 10 11.2 Normal-beam probes . 10 11.3 Angle-beam probes . 10 11.4 Repeat testing . 10 12 Scanning . 10 12.1 General . 10 12.2 Complex forgings . 11 12.3 Grid scanning coverage . 11 12.4 100 % scanning coverage . 11 12.5 Scanning speed . 11 13 Classification . 14 13.1 Classification of indications . 14 13.2 Classification of discontinuities . 16 SIST EN 10228-3:2016
Maximum testable depth and corresponding beam path range for circumferential angle beam scans . 22 Annex B (informative)
Amplitude of indication in dB relative to % DAC . 23 Annex C (informative)
Significant technical changes to the version EN 10228-3:1998 . 24
...
The standard SIST EN 10228-3:2016 provides a comprehensive framework for the non-destructive testing (NDT) of steel forgings, specifically focusing on the ultrasonic testing methods applicable to ferritic and martensitic steel forgings. The scope of the standard is clearly defined, addressing the manual, pulse-echo ultrasonic testing techniques that are essential for ensuring the integrity of these materials. One of the strengths of EN 10228-3:2016 lies in its detailed classification of forgings into four distinct types based on their shape and production methods. This structured approach allows for tailored testing protocols that cater to the unique characteristics of each forging type, thus enhancing the effectiveness of the ultrasonic testing process. The specification that Types 1, 2, and 3 encompass simpler shapes, while Type 4 includes more complex geometries, ensures that a broad range of forgings is adequately covered. Furthermore, the standard acknowledges the potential inclusion of mechanized scanning techniques, such as immersion testing, which can be beneficial for high-volume production environments. However, it wisely stipulates that such techniques should be mutually agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier, which fosters collaboration and customization based on specific needs. Another significant aspect of EN 10228-3:2016 is its clear delineation of applicability, excluding closed die forgings and turbine rotor and generator forgings. This precision helps to mitigate any ambiguities regarding the standard's scope, ensuring that users can confidently apply the appropriate methodologies without confusion. In light of its comprehensive nature, practical application recommendations, and specific exclusions, SIST EN 10228-3:2016 remains a critical document for professionals involved in the non-destructive testing of steel forgings. Its emphasis on ultrasonic testing aligns with industry best practices, reinforcing its relevance in maintaining the quality and safety of steel forging applications.
SIST EN 10228-3:2016は、鉄鋼製鍛造品の非破壊試験に関する重要な規格であり、特にフェライト鋼およびマルテンサイト鋼の鍛造品に対する超音波試験の手法を詳細に説明しています。この規格の目的は、手動およびパルスエコ方式による超音波試験技術を明確に定義することにあります。メカニカルスキャン技術、例えば浸漬試験も利用可能ですが、その場合は購入者と供給者の間で合意が必要です（第4条参照）。 この規格は、鍛造品の形状と製造方法に基づいて、4つのタイプに分類される鍛造品に適用されます。タイプ1、2、3は基本的に単純な形状であり、タイプ4は複雑な形状を対象とします。この明確な分類は、超音波試験の実施において重要な役割を果たし、さまざまな形状に対する適切な試験方法を保証します。 ただし、SIST EN 10228-3:2016は、閉じたダイ鍛造品やタービンローターおよび発電機鍛造品には適用されません。また、オーステナイト鋼およびオーステナイト・フェライト系ステンレス鋼の鍛造品に関する超音波試験は、EN 10228-4で扱われています。これにより、各規格が特定の材料と用途に特化していることが確認でき、利用者にとっての選択肢が明確化されています。 この規格の強みは、超音波試験の信頼性と正確性を高めるための手法を提供する点にあります。フェライト鋼およびマルテンサイト鋼において、適切な試験が行われることにより、鍛造品の品質が保証され、最終製品の信頼性向上につながります。また、規格が示す明確な手法を基に訓練を受けた技術者によって実施されることで、業界全体の技術基準の向上が期待できます。 このSIST EN 10228-3:2016規格は、鉄鋼製鍛造品における非破壊試験の分野において極めて重要かつ関連性の高い文書であり、様々な産業における品質管理の向上に寄与するものといえます。
SIST EN 10228-3:2016은 페라이트 및 마르텐사이트 강으로 제조된 단조품에 대한 비파괴 시험의 핵심적인 표준으로, 이 문서는 수동, 펄스-에코 방법을 활용한 초음파 검사 기술을 상세히 설명하고 있습니다. 이 표준은 단조품의 형상과 생산 방법에 따라 네 가지 유형으로 분류된 단조품에 적용됩니다. 유형 1, 2, 3은 주로 단순한 형상을 가지며, 유형 4는 복잡한 형상을 포함합니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 수동 초음파 검사 기법 외에도, 구매자와 공급자 간의 협의에 의해 기계화된 스캐닝 기술, 즉 침수 검사를 사용할 수 있다는 점입니다. 이러한 유연성은 다양한 생산 요구 사항에 대한 적절한 대응을 가능하게 합니다. 또한, SIST EN 10228-3:2016은 특정한 단조품에 대해서만 적용되므로, 폐쇄 다이 단조품과 터빈 로터 및 발전기 단조품은 제외되고 있습니다. 이는 표준의 적용 범위를 명확히 하여 검사 효율성을 높이는 데 기여합니다. 결론적으로, 이 표준은 페라이트 및 마르텐사이트 강 단조품의 초음파 검사에 있어 필수적인 지침을 제공하고 있으며, 산업계에서의 비파괴 시험의 신뢰성을 높이는 데 중요한 역할을 하고 있습니다.
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...