prEN ISO 22282-3
(Main)Geotechnical investigation and testing - Geohydraulic testing - Part 3: Water pressure test in rock (ISO/DIS 22282-3:2007)
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Geohydraulic testing - Part 3: Water pressure test in rock (ISO/DIS 22282-3:2007)
2010-07-09 EMA: ISO/CS confirmed that no text has been received, WI deleted following the 3-year timeframe exercise.
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Geohydraulische Versuche - Teil 3: Wasserdruckversuch in Fels (ISO/DIS 22282-3:2007)
Das vorliegende Dokument behandelt die Anforderungen an Wasserdruckversuche (WPT, en: water pressure tests) in Bohrlöchern, die als Teil der geotechnischen Erkundung und Untersuchung nach EN 1997 1 und EN 1997 2 in Fels hergestellt werden.
Der Versuch wird durchgeführt, um Folgendes zu untersuchen:
hydraulische Eigenschaften des Gebirges, die überwiegend durch Trennflächen bestimmt werden;
Absorptionsvermögen des Gebirges;
Dichtheit des Gebirges;
Wirksamkeit des Verpressens;
geomechanisches Verhalten, z. B. hydraulisches Aufspalten, hydraulisches Aufweiten.
Viele der sich bei den geohydraulischen Versuchen ergebenden Auswirkungen werden nicht nur durch den Baugrund selbst beeinflusst, sondern sind Ergebnis der Versuchsverfahren. Historisch gesehen wurde der Wasserdruckversuch auf der Grundlage der Annahme bewertet, dass ein stationäres Verhalten erreicht wird. In jüngster Zeit erfolgte Fortschritte in der Geohydraulik haben jedoch gezeigt, dass häufig transiente Phänomene vorliegen. Im vorliegenden Dokument wird der Ansatz verfolgt, die Grenzen bestimmter Versuchsverfahren zu berücksichtigen, ohne dabei die erforderliche Versuchsausrüstung zu stark einzu¬schränken.
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais géohydrauliques - Partie 3: Essai de pression d'eau dans les roches (ISO/DIS 22282-3:2007)
Geotehnično preiskovanje in preskušanje - Hidrogeološke preiskave - 3.del: Vodni tlak v kamninah (ISO/DIS 22282-3:2007)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 22282-3:2008
01-februar-2008
*HRWHKQLþQRSUHLVNRYDQMHLQSUHVNXãDQMH+LGURJHRORãNHSUHLVNDYHGHO9RGQL
WODNYNDPQLQDK,62',6
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Geohydraulic testing - Part 3: Water pressure
test in rock (ISO/DIS 22282-3:2007)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais géohydrauliques - Partie 3: Essai de
pression d'eau dans les roches (ISO/DIS 22282-3:2007)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 22282-3
ICS:
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
oSIST prEN ISO 22282-3:2008 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 22282-3:2008
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oSIST prEN ISO 22282-3:2008
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN ISO 22282-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2007
ICS 13.080.40
English Version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Geohydraulic testing -
Part 3: Water pressure test in rock (ISO/DIS 22282-3:2007)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais
géohydrauliques - Partie 3: Essai de pression d'eau dans
les roches (ISO/DIS 22282-3:2007)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 341.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 22282-3:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN ISO 22282-3:2008
prEN ISO 22282-3:2007 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
2
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oSIST prEN ISO 22282-3:2008
prEN ISO 22282-3:2007 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN ISO 22282-3:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341
"Geotechnical Investigation and Testing", the secretariat of which is held by ELOT, in collaboration with
Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 "Geotechnics".
This document is currently submitted to the parallel Enquiry.
3
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oSIST prEN ISO 22282-3:2008
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 22282-3
ISO/TC 182/SC 1 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2007-11-22 2008-04-22
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Geohydraulic
testing —
Part 3:
Water pressure test in rock
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais géohydrauliques —
Partie 3: Essai de pression d'eau dans les roches
ICS 93.020
ISO/CEN PARALLEL ENQUIRY
This draft International Standard is a draft standard developed within the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) and processed under the CEN-lead mode of collaboration as defined in the
Vienna Agreement. The document has been transmitted by CEN to ISO for circulation for ISO member
body voting in parallel with CEN enquiry. Comments received from ISO member bodies, including those
from non-CEN members, will be considered by the appropriate CEN technical body. Should this DIS be
accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be submitted to a parallel two-
month FDIS vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated in
the English language only.
Conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est distribué
en version anglaise seulement.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at publication
stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
©
International Organization for Standardization, 2007
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oSIST prEN ISO 22282-3:2008
ISO/DIS 22282-3
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©
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ISO/DIS 22282-3
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Symbols.2
5 Equipment.3
5.1 General .3
5.2 Pump and supply.5
5.3 Flow meter.5
5.4 Packers.5
6 Test procedure.5
6.1 Test preparation .5
6.2 Test execution .6
7 Report.7
7.1 Field report.7
7.1.1 General .7
7.1.2 Installation record .8
7.1.3 Record of measured values and test results.8
7.2 Test report.9
Annex A (informative) Record of measured values and test results of the water pressure test.10
Annex B (informative) Interpretation of test results.11
B.1 Methods of interpretation .11
B.2 Interpretation of water pressure tests by pressure flow diagrams.11
B.3 Examples of Water pressure tests with continuous monitoring and conclusions .13
B.3.1 Water pressure test in strongly discontinuous rock .13
B.3.2 Water pressure test in less pervious rock.14
B.3.3 Limits of interpretation .15
Annex C (informative) Evaluation of test results assuming stationary conditions.16
Annex D (informative) Evaluation of constant head and constant rate tests.18
D.1 General Principle.18
D.2 Constant Head Tests.18
D.3 Constant rate tests.19
Annex E .22
E.1 Groutability of rock masses and other derived characteristics .22
E.2 Characteristics of Grouting and injecting materials.22
E.3 Effect of hydraulic jacking and fracturing .23
Bibliography.24
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oSIST prEN ISO 22282-3:2008
ISO/DIS 22282-3
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22282-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 182, Geotechnics, Subcommittee SC 1,
Geotechnical investigation and testing and by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341, Geotechnical investigation
and testing in collaboration.
ISO 22282 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Geohydraulic testing:
⎯ Part 1: General rules
⎯ Part 2: Water permeability tests in a borehole using open systems
⎯ Part 3: Water pressure test in rock
⎯ Part 4: Pumping tests
⎯ Part 5: Infiltrometer test
⎯ Part 6: Water permeability tests in a borehole using closed systems
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oSIST prEN ISO 22282-3:2008
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 22282-3
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Geohydraulic
testing — Part 3: Water pressure test in rock
1 Scope
This document deals with the requirements for water pressures tests (WPT) carried out in boreholes drilled
into rock as part of geotechnical investigation and testing according to EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.
The test is used to investigate the following:
⎯ hydraulic properties of the rock mass, which are mainly governed by discontinuities;
⎯ absorption capacity of the rock mass;
⎯ tightness of the rock mass;
⎯ effectiveness of grouting;
⎯ geomechanical behaviour, e.g. hydrofracturing, hydrojacking.
Many effects in the geohydraulic tests are not only influenced by the ground itself, but stem from the testing
procedure. Historically, the water pressure test was evaluated based on assumption that the stationary
behaviour was achieved. Recent advances in geohydraulics have shown that transient phenomena are often
present. The present document attempts to address the limitations of certain testing procedures without
restricting the required equipment too stringently.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 14689-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing – Identification and classification of rock – Part 1:
Identification and description
prEN ISO 22282-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Geohydraulic testing – Part 1: General rules
prEN ISO 22475-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing – Sampling by drilling and excavation methods and
groundwater measurements – Part 1: Technical principles of execution
EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design – General rules
EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design – Ground investigation and testing
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oSIST prEN ISO 22282-3:2008
ISO/DIS 22282-3
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN ISO 22282-1 and the following
apply.
3.1
water flow
Q
quantity of water that flows through the test equipment under certain test conditions per time unit
3.1
water take
w
water flow Q related to the effective test pressure P
T
3.2
single pressure step test
test with only one pressure step
NOTE This test is normally used to check the tightness of the rock or the tightening measures.
3.3
multiple pressure step test
test with more than one pressure steps
NOTE This test is normally used to investigate the water take and the behaviour of the discontinuities, e.g
hydrojacking, hydrofracturing, erosion, clogging.
3.4
steady state condition
test phase during which both pressure and flow rate are constant
4 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols
Symbol Designation Unit
D diameter of the test section m
d diameter of the pipe m
l
length of the test section m
2
g gravity m/s
h distance of the pressure head from the ground surface m
K permeability index m/s
L
length of the packer m
p
l length of the pipe m
P pressure MPa
P pressure above packer MPa
A
P
pressure below packer MPa
B
P pressure at the top of the borehole MPa
M
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oSIST prEN ISO 22282-3:2008
ISO/DIS 22282-3
P
pressure loss MPa
R
P effective test pressure MPa
T
p pressure at the top pf the hole (Pm) MPa
p
p press-in pressure MPa
0
pressure loss between the pump and the test section MPa
∆p
R
calculated radius of investigation m
r radius of the borehole m
0
3
Q water flow m /s
3
w water take m /s
α shape coefficient of the test section -
3
water density kg/m
ρ
5 Equipment
5.1 General
According to Figure 1 water shall be pressed into a test section of a borehole closed by one or more packers
to determine the relationship between pressure and water take.
Depending on the type of testing single or double packers are used (see Figure 2).
The water pressure test can be carried out in a borehole of any orientation and diameter. The test section may
be located either below or above the groundwater level.
The basic equipment consists of the following parts (see also the example in Figure 2):
⎯ pump including water supply;
⎯ pipes;
⎯ single or double packer;
⎯ shut-off valve in the pipe above the test section;
⎯ pressure measuring device:
⎯ measurements in test section with pressure transducer;
⎯ control measurements at the surface with manometer;
⎯ flowmeter;
⎯ data recording system.
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oSIST prEN ISO 22282-3:2008
ISO/DIS 22282-3
a) with single packer b) with double packer
Key 7 controller to regulate pressure inflating packers
1 reservoir 8 manometer
2 pump 9 data recording unit
3 flowmeter 10 shut-in valve
4 single packer, inflatable l length of test section
5 double packer, inflatable P effective test pressure
T
6 compressed gas bottle P Pressure in borehole above packer (optional)
A
P Pressure below double packer in borehole (optional)
B
Figure 1 — Example of a equipment and set-up of water pressure test using
a) single packer and b) double packer
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ISO/DIS 22282-3
The function of manometers and water meters used shall be verified before each test. In case of manual
recording two manometers and two water meters of different ranges shall be installed. In case of automatic
recording a visual control shall be available.
All devices shall be calibrated in accordance with EN ISO 22282-1. The pressure loss of the system shall be
assessed.
5.2 Pump and supply
A pressure controlled pump shall be suitable to produce the pressure required by the local conditions.
NOTE A controlled pump typically has an output capacity up to 150 l/min. A pump of 1,5 MPa is usually suitable.
In order to provide an oscillation-free water flow and pressure a pump with an oscillation in pressure of
maximum ± 3 % or a pressure damper that is constant within ± 3 % shall be used.
The water shall be pumped through a flexible pressure hose or a tube system to the test section.
5.3 Flow meter
The measuring range of the flow meters used shall be adapted to the quantity of water (water flow) Q
expected to be absorbed. It can be necessary to install two water meters covering different measuring ranges:
⎯ if Q reaches the order of 100 l/min, a flow of 2 l/min shall be identifiable;
max
⎯ if Q reaches the order of 10 l/min, a flow of 0,5 l/min shall be identifiable.
max
The accuracy of the flow meter shall not exceed more than 3 % of the measured value.
5.4 Packers
The effective length of the packer sleeve shall be not less than 10 times the diameter of the borehole or 0,5 m.
The pressure to expand the packer shall be at least 30 % higher than the maximum test pressure expected.
6 Test procedure
6.1 Test preparation
Before the water pressure test is carried out the basic information according to prEN ISO 22282-1 shall be
considered.
In addition to prEN ISO 22282-1 the following test requirements shall be given:
⎯ purpose of the test (e.g. estimation of permeability or groutablity);
⎯ depth and sequence of test section;
⎯ length of test section;
⎯ application of testing pressure;
⎯ number and duration of pressure stages, as ascending and descending pressure steps;
⎯ maximum pressure allowable during the test.
After drilling the borehole shall be cleaned by flushing prior to the execution of the test.
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ISO/DIS 22282-3
NOTE Drilling and flushing for cleaning of the borehole influences the groundwater in the rock mass.
If the test is carried out in an open system, the water pressure in the test section shall be stable. If an open
system is used to determine the initial groundwater condition, the time to stabilisation may be substantial.
The pressure in the test section shall be measured and recorded before starting the test while the packer is
set and the water supply pipe is closed.
6.2 Test execution
During the test readings shall be taken and recorded of the pressure P and the quantity of water (water flow) Q
flowing through the flow meter over a certain time (Figure 2)
Pressure and flow rate shall be simultaneously increased in parallel to the value of the pressure step.
NOTE A substantial increase of the flow rate compared to the pressure may be an indication for hydrofracturing or
hydrojacking. A reduced increase of the flow rate compared to the pressure may indicates turbulent flow in the rock
surrounding the boring
The data shall be taken during each pressure step until the steady state condition is reached for both the
pressure P and the water flow Q i.e. the pressure and the water flow remain constant . Each step shall last at
least 10 minutes. Where steady state conditions are not reached within 10 minutes the measurements may be
stopped when the variation is less than 5% per minute or after 30 minutes.
The reading and recording of the data can be either done manually or automatically.
If automatic recording is used the data shall be recorded at least every 5 s. If manual recording is used the
data shall be recorded at least every minute.
Manual readings generally require steady state conditions which can be reached after 15 min of water flow per
pressure step.
For manual readings at the surface the length of the pipe shall be less than 30 m below the manometer in
order to make a reasonable correction of the pressure loss in the pipe system.
If pressure transducers are used, an additional manometer at the surface should be used for checking.
Direct measurements in the test section should be done to avoid additional corrections.
Leakages around and/or along the packer(s) can be detected by installation of pressure transducers above
the upper packer (and below the lower packer). Changes of water pressures may indicate leakages.
Leakages around and/or along the packer shall be minimised. Examples of actions that can be taken are:
⎯ applying a drilling technique producing a smooth and uniform surface of the borehole wall and constant
borehole diameter;
⎯ using a suitable flexible material for the packer sleeve allowing a tight contact with the borehole wall;
⎯ using longer packer sleeves depending on the local conditions in case of a tight net of open joints.
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ISO/DIS 22282-3
Figure 2 — Example of a record of pressure and flow rate of a multi-stage water pressure test
The results of a water pressure test are the recorded pressure p and the water flow Q as a function of time.
Moreover, the recorded pressure p and the water flow Q shall be plotted on a graph (see Annex B).
The test results can be used for evaluating the permeability and groutability with steady state conditions (see
Annex C) and transient conditions (see Annex D).
7 Report
7.1 Field report
7.1.1 General
At the project site, a field report shall be completed. This field report shall consist of the following, if applicable:
a) Summary log according to EN ISO 22475-1;
b) drilling record according to EN ISO 22475-1;
c) sampling record according to EN ISO 22475-1;
d) record of identification and description of rock according to EN ISO 14689-1;
e) installation record according to 8.1.2;
f) calibration record according to prEN ISO 22282-1;
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ISO/DIS 22282-3
g) record of measured values and test results according to 8.1.3.
All field investigations shall be reported such that third persons are able to check and understand the results.
7.1.2 Installation record
The installation record shall be attached to the summary log and include the following essential information, if
applicable:
a) type of equipment;
b) packers (including inflation method);
c) pumps;
d) pressure sensor;
e) flow rate measuring unit;
f) checking;
g) groundwater level;
h) name and signature of the test operator.
7.1.3 Record of measured values and test results
The record of measured values and test results shall be attached to the summary log and include the following
essential information, if applicable (see also Annex A):
a) Name of the enterprise performing the test;
b) name of the client
c) date of test;
d) name and number of project;
e) number of borehole;
f) position and elevation of borehole;
g) borehole inclination/orientation;
h) drilling method;
i) depth of top of test section;
j) depth of bottom of test section;
k) type of test with reference to this standard;
l) weather conditions during the test;
m) elevation of the packer(s);
n) test pressure as a function of time;
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o) water meter readings as a function of time;
p) flow rate as a function of time;
q) total water consumption;
r) length of the test section l;
s) time and duration of the test;
t) initial and final piezometric head in the tes
...
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