Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Monobloc Wheels - Technical approval procedure - Part 1: Forged and rolled wheels

This document specifies a design assessment procedure of a forged and rolled monobloc wheel (RST). This assessment is carried out before the wheel is commissioned. This document describes, in particular, the assessment to be performed in order to use wheels on a European network which, in addition, have quality requirements in conformity with those defined in EN 13262.
This assessment requires that the conditions of use for the wheel are defined and this standard provides a method for defining those conditions.
The assessment of the design covers four aspects:
- a geometrical aspect: to allow interchangeability of different solutions for the same application;
­- a thermomechanical aspect: to manage wheel deformations and to ensure that braking will not cause wheels to fracture;
- a mechanical aspect: to ensure that no fatigue cracks occur in the wheel web and that no permanent deformation occurs under exceptional loading;
- an acoustic aspect: to ensure that the solution chosen is as good as the reference wheel.
This document does not cover assessment of the hub or of the rim.
This document has been drawn up for wheels of non­powered tread­braked wheelsets and applies in full to this type of wheel. For wheels on which disc brakes are mounted or toothed transmission wheels or even wheels with noise reduction devices, the requirements may be amended or supplemented.
For urban railway vehicles, other standards or documents may be used.

Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Vollräder - Technische Zulassungsverfahren - Teil 1: Geschmiedete und gewalzte Räder

Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Roues monobloc - Procédure d’évaluation de la conception - Partie 1 : Roues forgées et laminées

Železniške naprave - Kolesne dvojice in podstavni vozički - Monoblok kolesa - Postopek za tehnično odobritev - 1. del: Kovana in valjana kolesa

General Information

Status
Not Published
Publication Date
22-Nov-2023
Current Stage
4599 - Dispatch of FV draft to CMC - Finalization for Vote
Start Date
07-Jun-2023
Due Date
29-Jun-2022
Completion Date
07-Jun-2023

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13979-1:2022
01-junij-2022
Železniške naprave - Kolesne dvojice in podstavni vozički - Monoblok kolesa -
Postopek za tehnično odobritev - 1. del: Kovana in valjana kolesa

Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Monobloc Wheels - Technical approval

procedure - Part 1: Forged and rolled wheels
Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Vollräder - Technische
Zulassungsverfahren - Teil 1: Geschmiedete und gewalzte Räder

Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Roues monobloc - Procédure

d’évaluation de la conception - Partie 1 : Roues forgées et laminées
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13979-1
ICS:
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
oSIST prEN 13979-1:2022 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 13979-1:2022
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oSIST prEN 13979-1:2022
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13979-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2022
ICS 45.040 Will supersede EN 13979-1:2020
English Version
Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Monobloc
Wheels - Technical approval procedure - Part 1: Forged
and rolled wheels

Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle -

Roues monobloc - Procédure d'évaluation de la Vollräder - Technische Zulassungsverfahren - Teil 1:

conception - Partie 1 : Roues forgées et laminées Geschmiedete und gewalzte Räder

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 256.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13979-1:2022 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 13979-1:2022
prEN 13979-1:2022 (E)
Contents Page

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 7

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 8

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 9

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 9

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 9

4 Parameters for the definition of the application covered ............................................................. 10

4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 10

4.2 Geometric parameters for interchangeability .................................................................................. 10

4.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 10

4.2.2 Functional requirements........................................................................................................................... 10

4.2.3 Assembly requirements ............................................................................................................................. 10

4.2.4 Maintenance requirements ...................................................................................................................... 11

4.3 Parameters for thermomechanical assessment of tread-braked wheels ................................ 11

4.3.1 Geometrical requirements for tread-braked wheels ...................................................................... 11

4.3.2 Drag braking or consecutive stop braking .......................................................................................... 12

4.3.3 Accidental drag braking incident ........................................................................................................... 12

4.4 Mechanical assessment parameters ..................................................................................................... 13

4.5 Acoustic assessment parameters ........................................................................................................... 13

5 Description of the wheel, the design of which shall be assessed ................................................ 14

6 Assessment of geometric interchangeability ..................................................................................... 14

7 Assessment of thermomechanical behaviour .................................................................................... 14

7.1 General procedure ....................................................................................................................................... 14

7.2 First stage – Braking bench test .............................................................................................................. 14

7.2.1 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 14

7.2.2 Decision criteria ........................................................................................................................................... 15

7.3 Second stage – Wheel fracture bench test ........................................................................................... 15

7.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 15

7.3.2 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 15

7.3.3 Decision criterion ........................................................................................................................................ 15

7.4 Third stage – Field braking test .............................................................................................................. 16

7.4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 16

7.4.2 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 16

7.4.3 Decision criteria ........................................................................................................................................... 16

8 Assessment of mechanical behaviour ................................................................................................... 17

8.1 General procedure ....................................................................................................................................... 17

8.2 First stage – Calculation ............................................................................................................................. 17

8.2.1 Applied forces ................................................................................................................................................ 17

8.2.2 Calculation procedure ................................................................................................................................ 19

8.2.3 Decision criteria ........................................................................................................................................... 19

8.3 Second stage – Bench test .......................................................................................................................... 20

8.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 20

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8.3.2 Definition of bench loading and the test procedure ........................................................................ 20

8.3.3 Decision criteria ............................................................................................................................................ 20

9 Assessment of acoustic behaviour .......................................................................................................... 20

10 Technical approval ....................................................................................................................................... 20

10.1 Technical approval scope and process ................................................................................................. 20

10.2 Technical approval documents ............................................................................................................... 21

Annexe A (informative) Drag braking values ................................................................................................. 22

A.1 Freight wagons .............................................................................................................................................. 22

A.2 Other types of rolling stock and specific freight wagons ............................................................... 22

Annexe B (normative) Assessment of thermomechanical behaviour .................................................. 23

B.1 Assessment flow chart ................................................................................................................................ 23

B.2 Braking bench test procedure.................................................................................................................. 23

B.2.1 Test principle ................................................................................................................................................. 23

B.2.2 Definition of drag braking ......................................................................................................................... 23

B.2.3 Method for measuring decision criteria ............................................................................................... 24

B.2.3.1 Measuring displacement ............................................................................................................................ 24

B.2.3.2 Measuring residual stresses ..................................................................................................................... 24

B.2.4 Tests and measurements ........................................................................................................................... 25

B.2.4.1 Pre-test measurements .............................................................................................................................. 25

B.2.4.2 Braking tests ................................................................................................................................................... 25

B.2.4.3 Measurements at the end of braking cycles ........................................................................................ 25

B.2.5 Anomalies ........................................................................................................................................................ 26

B.3 Wheel fracture bench testing procedure ............................................................................................. 26

B.3.1 Test principle ................................................................................................................................................. 26

B.3.2 Creation of residual stresses in the rim of the wheel ...................................................................... 26

B.3.3 Pre-cracked rim ............................................................................................................................................ 26

B.3.4 Definition of drag braking test ................................................................................................................. 28

B.3.5 Parameters for the wheel fracture bench test ................................................................................... 28

B.3.6 Tests and measurements ........................................................................................................................... 29

B.3.6.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 29

B.3.6.2 Pre-cracked rim ............................................................................................................................................ 29

B.3.6.3 Wheel fracture ............................................................................................................................................... 30

B.3.7 Anomalies ........................................................................................................................................................ 30

B.4 Field braking test procedure .................................................................................................................... 31

B.4.1 Test principle ................................................................................................................................................. 31

B.4.2 Definition of braking ................................................................................................................................... 31

B.4.3 Method for measuring decision criteria ............................................................................................... 31

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B.4.3.1 Measuring displacement ........................................................................................................................... 31

B.4.3.2 Measuring residual stresses ..................................................................................................................... 32

B.4.4 Route type for testing ................................................................................................................................. 32

B.4.4.1 Parameters linked to the vehicle of intended application ............................................................ 32

B.4.4.2 Other parameters ......................................................................................................................................... 32

B.4.4.3 Meteorological conditions ........................................................................................................................ 32

B.4.4.4 Parameters associated with the track .................................................................................................. 32

B.4.5 Tests and measurements .......................................................................................................................... 32

B.4.5.1 Pre-test measurements .............................................................................................................................. 32

B.4.5.2 Braking tests .................................................................................................................................................. 33

B.4.5.3 Measurements at the end of the braking cycles ................................................................................ 33

B.4.6 Anomalies ....................................................................................................................................................... 33

Annexe C (normative) Wheel profile diameter definition.......................................................................... 34

C.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 34

C.2 Diameter after last reprofiling ................................................................................................................ 34

C.3 Worn diameter .............................................................................................................................................. 35

Annexe D (normative) Assessment of mechanical behaviour................................................................. 36

D.1 Assessment flow chart ................................................................................................................................ 36

D.2 Calculation procedure in the case of exceptional load ................................................................... 36

D.2.1 Principle .......................................................................................................................................................... 36

D.2.2 Load ................................................................................................................................................................... 36

D.3 Calculation procedure for cases of fatigue load ................................................................................ 37

D.3.1 Principle .......................................................................................................................................................... 37

D.3.2 Load ................................................................................................................................................................... 37

D.3.3 Method of calculation ................................................................................................................................. 37

Annexe E (informative) Fatigue loading for narrow gauge tracks (metric or close to a

metre) ............................................................................................................................................................... 39

Annexe F (informative) Fatigue loading for tilting trains......................................................................... 40

Annexe G (normative) Mechanical behaviour – Finite element calculation assessment .............. 41

Annexe H (informative) Mechanical behaviour – Bench loading and test procedure .................... 42

H.1 Principle of bench loading and test procedure ................................................................................. 42

H.2 Definition of loads ........................................................................................................................................ 42

H.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 42

H.2.2 Measurement of stresses during field tests ........................................................................................ 43

H.3 Fatigue bench test ........................................................................................................................................ 43

H.3.1 Method 1 – Random fatigue test ............................................................................................................. 43

H.3.1.1 Load matrix .................................................................................................................................................... 43

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H.3.1.2 Monitoring the bench test ......................................................................................................................... 44

H.3.1.3 Random fatigue test ..................................................................................................................................... 44

H.3.1.4 End of test criteria ........................................................................................................................................ 44

H.3.2 Method 2 – Single-stage fatigue test ....................................................................................................... 44

H.3.2.1 Matrix and load spectrum.......................................................................................................................... 44

H.3.2.2 Equivalent stress ........................................................................................................................................... 44

H.3.2.3 Single-stage fatigue test .............................................................................................................................. 44

H.3.2.4 Acceptance criterion.................................................................................................................................... 45

H.3.3 Examples of benches ................................................................................................................................... 45

Annexe I (informative) Assessment of acoustic behaviour ...................................................................... 46

I.1 General procedure ....................................................................................................................................... 46

I.2 Assessment procedure ................................................................................................................................ 46

I.3 Assessment criteria...................................................................................................................................... 47

I.4 Decision criterion ......................................................................................................................................... 47

I.5 Assessment flow chart ................................................................................................................................ 48

I.6 Calculation procedure ................................................................................................................................. 48

I.6.1 Preliminary comment ................................................................................................................................. 48

I.6.2 Calculating the wheel modal basis ......................................................................................................... 49

I.6.3 Defining the reference speeds ................................................................................................................. 49

I.6.4 Defining the reference combined wheel-rail roughness ................................................................ 49

I.6.5 Defining the reference track model ....................................................................................................... 50

I.6.6 Defining the calculation parameters ..................................................................................................... 51

I.6.7 Calculating sound power ............................................................................................................................ 52

I.6.8 Factoring the weighted spectrum into sound power ....................................................................... 52

I.6.9 Calculating the acceptance criterion ..................................................................................................... 53

I.6.10 Optional calculations ................................................................................................................................... 53

I.7 Field measurement procedure ................................................................................................................ 53

I.7.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 53

I.7.2 Environmental conditions ......................................................................................................................... 54

I.7.3 Conditions for the track .............................................................................................................................. 54

I.7.4 Conditions for the train .............................................................................................................................. 54

I.7.4.1 Conditions for the tread ............................................................................................................................. 54

I.7.4.2 Composition of train .................................................................................................................................... 54

I.7.5 Positioning the measurement points .................................................................................................... 55

I.7.6 Measurement quantities ............................................................................................................................ 56

I.7.7 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 56

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I.7.7.1 Measuring roughness ................................................................................................................................. 56

I.7.7.2 Measurements trackside ........................................................................................................................... 57

I.7.8 Data processing ............................................................................................................................................. 57

I.7.8.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 57

I.7.8.2 Calculating combined roughness ........................................................................................................... 57

I.7.8.3 Calculating a representative quantity of sound power .................................................................. 57

I.7.8.4 Correcting standardized sound levels vis-à-vis a reference combined roughness .............. 58

I.7.8.5 Calculating the acceptance criterion ..................................................................................................... 58

Annexe J (informative) Ultrasonic method for determining residual stresses in the rim

(non-destructive method) ......................................................................................................................... 59

J.1 Procedure........................................................................................................................................................ 59

J.2 Measurement uncertainty ........................................................................................................................ 59

J.3 Calibrations .................................................................................................................................................... 60

J.4 Verifying measurement parameters ..................................................................................................... 60

Annexe ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive (EU) 2016/797 aimed to be covered ......................................... 61

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 63

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