EN 14735:2005
(Main)Characterization of waste - Preparation of waste samples for ecotoxicity tests
Characterization of waste - Preparation of waste samples for ecotoxicity tests
This European Standard describes the necessary steps to be performed before carrying out ecotoxicity tests on wastes. The purpose of this European Standard is to provide guidance on the taking of the sample, transport, storage of wastes and to define preparation, for the determination of ecotoxicological properties of wastes under the conditions specified in this European Standard by biological testing either as raw wastes or water extracts from wastes. Sample preparation for other applications (e.g. assessment of waste effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms in a disposal scenario) is not considered.
Specifying a test battery to characterize ecotoxicological properties of wastes is not in the scope of this European Standard.
This European Standard is applicable to solid and liquid wastes.
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Herstellung von Abfallproben für ökotoxikologische Untersuchungen
Diese Europäischen Norm beschreibt die erforderlichen Arbeitsschritte, die durchzuführen sind, bevor
Ökotoxizitätsprüfungen an Abfällen durchgeführt werden. Der Zweck dieser Europäischen Norm ist, eine
Anleitung für Probenahme, Transport und Lagerung von Abfällen zu geben und die Vorbereitungen für die
Bestimmung ökotoxischer Eigenschaften von Abfällen festzulegen; diese Bestimmung erfolgt unter den in
dieser Europäischen Norm festgelegten Bedingungen durch biologische Prüfungen an Rohabfällen oder
wässrigen Extrakten aus Abfällen. Die Probenvorbereitung für andere Anwendungsweisen (z. B. Beurteilung
der Wirkungen von Abfällen auf Boden- und Wasserorganismen im Rahmen einer Entsorgung) wird nicht
berücksichtigt.
Die Festlegung einer Prüfbatterie zur Charakterisierung der ökotoxischen Eigenschaften von Abfällen liegt
nicht im Aufgabenbereich dieser Europäischen Norm.
Diese Europäische Norm ist auf feste und flüssige Abfälle anwendbar.
Caractérisation des déchets - Caractérisation des déchets - Préparation des échantillons de déchets en vue d'essais écotoxicologiques
Cette Norme européenne décrit toutes les étapes nécessaires à effectuer avant de réaliser des essais d’écotoxicité sur les déchets. Elle vise à fournir des directives pour l’échantillonnage, le transport et le stockage des déchets et à définir la préparation pour la détermination des propriétés écotoxicologiques des déchets, dans les conditions décrites dans cette Norme européenne, en utilisant des essais biologiques soit sur déchets bruts soit sur extraits aqueux de ces déchets. La préparation des échantillons pour d’autres applications (par exemple, l’évaluation des effets des déchets sur les organismes aquatiques ou terrestres dans un scénario d’élimination) n’est pas prise en considération.
La définition d’une batterie d’essais pour la caractérisation des propriétés écotoxicologiques des déchets n’entre pas dans le domaine d’application de cette Norme européenne.
La présente Norme européenne s’applique aux déchets solides et liquides.
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Priprava vzorcev odpadka za ekotoksikološke preskuse
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2005
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Priprava vzorcev odpadka za ekotoksikološke preskuse
Characterization of waste - Preparation of waste samples for ecotoxicity tests
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Herstellung von Abfallproben für ökotoxikologische
Untersuchungen
Caractérisation des déchets - Caractérisation des déchets - Préparation des échantillons
de déchets en vue d'essais écotoxicologiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14735:2005
ICS:
13.030.01 Odpadki na splošno Wastes in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 14735
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2005
ICS 13.030.01
English Version
Characterization of waste - Preparation of waste samples for
ecotoxicity tests
Caractérisation des déchets - Préparation des échantillons Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Herstellung von
de déchets en vue d'essais écotoxicologiques Abfallproben für ökotoxikologische Untersuchungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 June 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14735:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents page
Foreword .3
0 Introduction.4
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions.6
4 Equipment and reagents .7
5 Taking of laboratory sample .8
6 Transport .8
7 Storage .9
8 Waste characterization.10
9 Waste pre-treatment : particle size reduction (granular waste, monolithic waste,
paste-like waste and sludge).10
10 Tests performed on terrestrial organisms .11
11 Tests performed on aquatic organisms .14
12 Test report .17
Annex A (normative) Preparation of test mixtures according to the ecotoxicity tests to be
performed .18
Annex B (informative) Ecotoxicity tests considered to establish this European Standard.20
Bibliography.44
Foreword
This European Standard (EN 14735:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292
“Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2006, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2006.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
0 Introduction
Ecotoxicity can be estimated using two approaches: a chemical-specific approach and a toxicity-based
approach. Chemical analyses are compared, in the first case, to quality criteria or threshold values to
estimate ecotoxicity. In the second one, ecotoxicity is measured directly using biological tests. These
two approaches complement each other, however, determination of pollutants in complex mixtures of
unknown composition, that is a characteristic of many wastes, does not allow a relevant estimation of
ecotoxicity. For such samples, the toxicity based approach is usually recognised to be appropriate to
assess potential toxicity. Bioassays integrate, indeed, the effects of all contaminants including
additive, synergistic and antagonistic effects. They are sensitive to the bioavailable fraction of the
contaminants only. Finally, bioassays integrate the effects of all contaminants, including those, not
considered or detected by chemical analyses.
Ecotoxicity tests can be applied to wastes to identify their potential hazardous properties with respect
to the environment for classification purposes or to assess the risk related to a site-specific exposure
scenario.
0.1 Identification of properties potentially hazardous to the environment for classification
purposes
A classification system, based on the assessment of intrinsic properties, should be independent of an
exposure scenario. The main requirement, in order to establish a relevant system for classifying
wastes and for assessment of hazard properties, is to obtain comparable test results. This can only be
obtained if the ecotoxicity tests on wastes are carried out according to a unique procedure describing
more or less conventional test conditions (an exclusive dilution medium for terrestrial tests, a unique
L/S ratio for preparation of water extracts, a unique liquid / solid separation step etc). This procedure
should be applicable to a very wide range of waste materials whatever their physical properties are.
Any strategy for the assessment of properties potentially hazardous to the environment used in a
classification system should include test organisms representing the terrestrial and the aquatic
compartment. Both types of tests should be considered because they expand the range of effect
expression due to differences in species sensitivity and exposure. For this specific purpose, the water
extracts preparations for toxicity testing do not simulate leaching from wastes under environmental
conditions but measure the water available fraction of the toxic components of the wastes.
0.2 Site-specific exposure scenario
The second application of ecotoxicity tests to wastes refers to a risk assessment approach. In this
particular case, the test strategy should model site specific exposure conditions and should take into
account the transfer of contaminants via the food chain and to surface and ground water by run-off or
leaching. This application concerns firstly the definition of generic scenarios frequently encountered
(e.g. wastes deposit in stockpiles, re-use of wastes) and focus on the relevant way of exposure to
terrestrial and aquatic organisms.
This European Standard describes the necessary steps to be performed before carrying out
ecotoxicity tests on wastes within the context of assessment of ecotoxic properties used in a
classification system.
1 Scope
This European Standard describes the necessary steps to be performed before carrying out
ecotoxicity tests on wastes. The purpose of this European Standard is to provide guidance on the
taking of the sample, transport, storage of wastes and to define preparation, for the determination of
ecotoxicological properties of wastes under the conditions specified in this European Standard by
biological testing either as raw wastes or water extracts from wastes. Sample preparation for other
applications (e.g. assessment of waste effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms in a disposal
scenario) is not considered.
Specifying a test battery to characterize ecotoxicological properties of wastes is not in the scope of this
European Standard.
This European Standard is applicable to solid and liquid wastes.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 14899, Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Framework for the preparation
and application of a Sampling Plan
EN 12457-2:2002, Characterization of waste – Leaching – Compliance test for leaching of granular
waste materials and sludges – Part 2: One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for
materials with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction)
EN ISO 5667-3, Water quality - Sampling - Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of water
samples (ISO 5667-3:2003)
ISO 10390, Soil quality – Determination of pH
ISO 11268-1, Soil quality – Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) – Part 1: Determination
1)
of acute toxicity using artificial soil substrate
ISO 11465, Soil quality – Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis – Gravimetric
method
ISO 14238:1997, Soil quality – Biological methods – Determination of nitrogen mineralization and
nitrification in soils and the influence of chemicals on these processes
1) Definition of soil substrate.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
dilution medium
liquid or solid used for the preparation of control vessels and the preparation of test mixture
3.2
ecotoxicological properties
potential adverse effects to biological systems which a waste has an inherent capacity to cause
3.3
eluate
solution recovered from a leaching test
[EN 12457-2:2002]
3.4
granular waste
waste not being monolithic, nor a liquid, a gas or a sludge
[EN 12457-2:2002]
3.5
laboratory sample
sample or subsample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory (IUPAC definition)
NOTE 1 When the laboratory sample is further prepared (reduced) by subdividing, mixing, grinding or by
combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of the laboratory sample is
required, the laboratory sample is the test sample. A test portion is removed from the test sample for the
performance of the test or for analysis. The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sample
collection but it is the initial sample from the point of view of the laboratory.
NOTE 2 Several laboratory samples can be prepared and sent to different laboratories or to the same
laboratory for different purposes. When sent to the same laboratory, the set is generally considered as a single
laboratory sample and is documented as a single sample.
3.6
leachant
liquid used in a leaching test
NOTE For the purpose of this European Standard the leachant is water as specified in Clause 4.
3.7
leaching test
test during which a material is put into contact with a leachant and some constituents of the material
are extracted
3.8
liquid sludge
sludge that has the characteristic of a liquid as specified in the definition of a liquid waste
3.9
liquid waste
waste that completely flows out of a calibrated opening, down to the upper level of the opening within
a limited period of time (see Annex B of EN 12457-2:2002)
3.10
monolithic waste
material which has dimensional, physical and mechanical properties that comply with the criteria
defined in an on going document
3.11
paste-like material
material of soft plastic or wet cement consistency – usually smooth
3.12
sludge
mixture of liquid and solid separated from various types of liquid as a result of natural or artificial
processes
[EN 12457-2:2002]
3.13
test mixture
mixture of the test portion (waste or water extract) with the dilution medium
3.14
test portion
amount or volume of the test sample taken for measurement of ecotoxicological
...
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