FprEN ISO 13482

• Abstract:

  This standard specifies the safety requirements for service robots used in personal and professional/commercial applications. The service robots concerned, and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are covered, are indicated in this standard. ; This safety standard considers the conditions for physical human-robot contact to formulate safety requirements for service robots. It includes additional information on the functional safety for service robots.; This standard is not intended to cover robots used in industrial applications and medical applications.

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 09-Feb-2027
• ICS: 25.040.30 - Industrial robots. Manipulators
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 310 - Advanced Manufacturing Technologies
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 310 - Advanced Manufacturing Technologies
• Current Stage: 5020 - Submission to Vote - Formal Approval
• Start Date: 17-Sep-2026
• Completion Date: 17-Sep-2026
• Directive: Harmonized Standard2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Directive:

  ---

  Not Harmonized2023/1230 - Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2023 on machinery and repealing Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Directive 73/361/EEC (Text with EEA relevance)
• Directive:

  ---

  Not Harmonized2023/1230 - Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2023 on machinery and repealing Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Directive 73/361/EEC (Text with EEA relevance)
• Directive:

  ---

  Not Harmonized2023/1230 - Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2023 on machinery and repealing Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Directive 73/361/EEC (Text with EEA relevance)
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Mandate: M/605 - COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 20.1.2025 on a standardisation request to the European Committee for Standardization and to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization as regards machinery and related products in support of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN ISO 13482:2024 - Robotics - Safety requirements for service robots (ISO/DIS 13482:2024)

• Consolidated By: ISO/FDIS 13482 - Robotics — Safety requirements for service robots
• Effective Date: 12-Feb-2026
• Revises: EN ISO 13482:2014 - Robots and robotic devices - Safety requirements for personal care robots (ISO 13482:2014)
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023

Overview

FprEN ISO 13482 (Robotics - Safety requirements for service robots) is a key international safety standard developed by CEN in partnership with ISO for the robotics field. This standard outlines comprehensive safety requirements for service robots intended for personal or professional/commercial use. It explicitly excludes industrial and medical robots, focusing instead on robots designed for direct interaction with people in dynamic environments.

The aim of FprEN ISO 13482 is to minimize hazards and risks associated with physical human-robot contact. It addresses a wide range of potential hazards and provides essential guidance on the functional and operational safety measures necessary for the development, deployment, and maintenance of service robots.

Key Topics

The standard covers the following major safety considerations for service robots:

• General Safety Requirements: Guidance on identifying hazards and hazardous situations specific to service robots.
• Physical Human-Robot Interaction: Requirements to ensure safety during any physical contact between humans and robots.
• Energy Sources and Hazards: Precautions related to batteries, hazardous energy parts, and release of stored energy.
• Electromagnetic Compatibility: Measures to avoid electromagnetic interference in operational environments.
• Robot Motion and Stability: Specifications regarding mechanical stability, safe movement, collision avoidance, and behavior while carrying loads.
• Environmental Conditions: Ensuring robots operate safely across varying temperatures, humidity, and other ambient factors.
• Wearable Robots: Special safety provisions for robots worn on the body, such as exoskeletons, considering unique hazards and operational challenges.
• Control Systems: Requirements for safety-related control functions, emergency stopping, manual and autonomous modes, and user interface considerations.
• Awareness and Communication: Enhancing human awareness of robots in shared spaces through signaling and informed user interfaces.

Applications

FprEN ISO 13482 applies to a broad spectrum of service robotics used in non-industrial and non-medical settings, such as:

• Personal Assistance Robots: Robots aiding individuals with daily tasks or mobility at home.
• Professional Service Robots: Robots in commercial spaces for logistics, security, hospitality, cleaning, and customer interaction.
• Wearable Assistive Devices: Exoskeletons and other wearable robots used in rehabilitation or physically demanding roles.
• Public and Shared Environments: Robots designed for collaborative operations where humans and machines coexist and interact closely, such as in airports, hotels, or malls.

By following this standard, manufacturers and integrators can ensure their service robots are safer for users, comply with regional and international safety regulations, and facilitate market acceptance through demonstrated risk mitigation.

Related Standards

For robust implementation of robotic safety, the following standards are commonly referenced alongside FprEN ISO 13482:

• ISO 10218 Series: Safety requirements for industrial robots (not applicable to service robots).
• IEC 61508: Functional safety of electrical/electronic systems.
• ISO 12100: General principles for machine safety and risk assessment.
• ISO 13849: Safety-related parts of control systems.
• ISO/TS 15066: Collaborative robots safety - primarily industrial, but provides insights into safe human-robot interaction.

Adhering to FprEN ISO 13482 ensures that service robots are engineered with user safety as a top priority, supporting trustworthy integration into personal, professional, and public life. For those designing, deploying, or certifying service robots, understanding and applying the safety requirements in this standard is essential for responsible and compliant robotics innovation.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2024
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 13482:2014
Robotika - Varnostne zahteve za storitvene robote (ISO/DIS 13482:2024)
Robotics - Safety requirements for service robots (ISO/DIS 13482:2024)
Robotik - Sicherheitsanforderungen für Serviceroboter (ISO/DIS 13482:2024)
Robotique - Exigences de sécurité pour les robots de service (ISO/DIS 13482:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 13482
ICS:
25.040.30 Industrijski roboti. Industrial robots.
Manipulatorji Manipulators
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 13482
ISO/TC 299
Robotics — Safety requirements for
Secretariat: SIS
service robots
Voting begins on:
Robotique — Exigences de sécurité pour les robots de service
2024-08-27
Voting terminates on:
ICS: 25.040.30
2024-11-19
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
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Reference number
ISO/DIS 13482:2024(en)
DRAFT
ISO/DIS 13482:2024(en)
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 13482
ISO/TC 299
Robotics — Safety requirements for
Secretariat: SIS
service robots
Voting begins on:
Robotique — Exigences de sécurité pour les robots de service
ICS: 25.040.30 Voting terminates on:
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
© ISO 2024
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
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BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
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Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DIS 13482:2024(en)
ii
ISO/DIS 13482:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .vii
Introduction .viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 3
4 General safety requirements . 9
4.1 General .9
4.2 Hazards due to energy storage and supply .10
4.2.1 Contact with hazardous energy parts .10
4.2.2 Hazards related to battery .11
4.2.3 Uncontrolled release of stored energy. 13
4.2.4 Power failure or shutdown .14
4.3 Robot start-up and restart of regular operation . 15
4.3.1 General . 15
4.3.2 Inherently safe design . 15
4.3.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures . 15
4.3.4 Information for use . 15
4.3.5 Verification and validation . 15
4.4 Electrostatic potential . 15
4.4.1 General . 15
4.4.2 Inherently safe design .16
4.4.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures .16
4.4.4 Information for use .16
4.4.5 Verification and validation .16
4.5 Hazards due to robot shape .16
4.5.1 General .16
4.5.2 Inherently safe design .16
4.5.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures .17
4.5.4 Information for use .17
4.5.5 Verification and validation .17
4.6 Hazards due to power train components .17
4.6.1 General .17
4.6.2 Inherently safe design .17
4.6.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures .18
4.6.4 Information for use .18
4.6.5 Verification and validation .18
4.7 Emissions.18
4.7.1 Noise .18
4.7.2 Substances and fluids.19
4.7.3 Extreme temperatures . . 20
4.7.4 Radiation .21
4.8 Electromagnetic interference . 22
4.8.1 General . 22
4.8.2 Inherently safe design . 22
4.8.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures . 22
4.8.4 Information for use . 23
4.8.5 Verification and validation . 23
4.9 Stress, posture and usage . 23
4.9.1 General . 23
4.9.2 Physical stress and posture . 23
4.9.3 Mental stress . .24
4.10 Robot motion . 25
4.10.1 General . 25
4.10.2 Mechanical stability . 25

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ISO/DIS 13482:2024(en)
4.10.3 Instability during travel . 26
4.10.4 Instability while carrying loads . 28
4.10.5 Instability in case of collision . 29
4.10.6 Collisions . 30
4.10.7 Physical contact during human-robot interaction .32
4.11 Durability . 33
4.11.1 General . 33
4.11.2 Inherently safe design . 33
4.11.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures . 33
4.11.4 Information for use . 33
4.11.5 Verification and validation . 34
4.12 Autonomous decisions and actions . 34
4.12.1 General . 34
4.12.2 Inherently safe design . 34
4.12.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures . 34
4.12.4 Information for use . 35
4.12.5 Verification and validation . 35
4.13 Awareness of robots by humans . 35
4.13.1 General . 35
4.13.2 Inherently safe design . 35
4.13.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures . 35
4.13.4 Information for use . 36
4.13.5 Verification and validation . 36
4.14 Environmental conditions . . 36
4.14.1 General . 36
4.14.2 Inherently safe design . 36
4.14.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures .37
4.14.4 Information for use .37
4.14.5 Verification and validation .37
4.15 Localization and navigation . 38
4.15.1 General . 38
4.15.2 Inherently safe design . 38
4.15.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures . 38
4.15.4 Information for use . 38
4.15.5 Verification and validation . 38
5 Wearable robots .39
5.1 General . 39
5.2 Hazards due to loss of power supply or shutdown . 39
5.2.1 General . 39
5.2.2 Inherent safe design . 39
5.3 Robot start-up and restart of regular operation . 40
5.3.1 General . 40
5.3.2 Inherently safe design . 40
5.3.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures . 40
5.3.4 Information for use . 40
5.4 Hazards due to physical stress . . 40
5.4.1 General . 40
5.4.2 Inherently safe design . 40
5.4.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures . 40
5.4.4 Information for use .41
5.5 Hazardous vibrations .41
5.5.1 General .41
5.5.2 Inherently safe design .41
5.5.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures .41
5.5.4 Information for use .42
5.5.5 Verification and validation .42
5.6 Mechanical instability . .42
5.6.1 General .42

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ISO/DIS 13482:2024(en)
5.6.2 Inherently safe design .42
5.6.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures .42
5.6.4 Information for use .42
5.7 Instability in case of collision or intended contact .43
5.7.1 General .43
5.7.2 Inherently safe design .43
5.7.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures .43
5.7.4 Information for use .43
5.8 Hazards during donning or doffing .43
5.8.1 General .43
5.8.2 Inherently safe design .43
5.8.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures .43
5.8.4 Information for use . 44
5.9 Hazards due to insufficient durability caused by cleaning and disinfection . 44
5.9.1 General . 44
5.9.2 Inherently safe design . 44
5.9.3 Information for use . 44
5.10 Hazards caused by assistive forces . 44
5.10.1 General . 44
5.10.2 Inherently safe design .45
5.10.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures .45
5.10.4 Information for use . 46
5.10.5 Verification and validation . 46
5.11 Joint injuries due to assistance that exceeds the range of motion .47
5.11.1 General .47
5.11.2 Inherently safe design .47
5.11.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures .47
5.11.4 Information for use . 48
5.11.5 Verification and validation . 48
5.12 Hazards due to unharmonized and uncoordinated motion . 49
5.12.1 General . 49
5.12.2 Inherently safe design . 49
5.12.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures . 49
5.12.4 Information for use . 49
5.12.5 Verification and validation . 49
6 Safety-related control system requirements .49
6.1 Required control system performance . 49
6.1.1 General . 49
6.1.2 Required control system performance . 49
6.1.3 Determining severity . 50
6.1.4 Determining probability of occurrence . 50
6.1.5 Determining possiblity of avoidance . 50
6.2 Robot stopping . 50
6.2.1 General . 50
6.2.2 Robot stopping functions.51
6.2.3 Braking .52
6.3 Start and restart interlocking . 53
6.3.1 Start interlock . 53
6.3.2 Restart interlock . 53
6.4 Limits to operational spaces . 53
6.5 Speed control . 54
6.6 Environmental sensing . 55
6.6.1 General . 55
6.6.2 Object sensing . 55
6.6.3 Travel surface sensing . 56
6.7 Stability control .57
6.8 Force control.57
6.9 Singularity protection .57

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ISO/DIS 13482:2024(en)
6.10 Moving robot in emergency situations .57
6.11 Interworking with a lift (an elevator) . 58
6.12 Design of user interface . 58
6.12.1 General . 58
6.12.2 Status indication .59
6.12.3 Connection and disconnection . 60
6.12.4 Single command device for multiple robots . 60
6.12.5 Multiple command devices . 60
6.12.6 Cableless or detachable command device .61
6.12.7 Protection against unauthorized use .61
6.13 Manual control devices .61
6.13.1 General .61
6.13.2 Labelling .61
6.13.3 Protection from unintended operation .61
6.14 Operational modes .62
6.14.1 General .62
6.14.2 Autonomous mode . 63
6.14.3 Manual mode . . 63
6.14.4 Semi-autonomous mode. 63
6.14.5 Maintenance mode . . . 64
6.15 Cyber security and data privacy . 64
6.15.1 General . 64
6.15.2 Measures for data privacy and data security . 65
6.15.3 Measures for cyber security managing access privilege and stability of operation . 65
7 Verification and Validation .65
8 Information for use .66
8.1 General . 66
8.2 Markings or indications.67
8.3 User manual . 69
8.4 Service manual .70
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards for service robots .71
Annex B (informative) Examples of operational spaces for service robots.78
Annex C (normative) Safety function performance requirements .81
Annex D (informative) Example of determination of the PLr or required SIL from risk
estimation parameters of Annex C, C.2 .98
Annex E (informative) Example of the implementation of a safeguarded space .101
Annex F (informative) Examples of service robots .104
Annex G (informative) Information for lifting load .112
Annex H (informative) Example of safety evaluation methods for lift boarding robots .114
Annex I (informative) Example of safety evaluation method for braking distance.116
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered .117
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 aimed to be covered .119
Bibliography .122

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ISO/DIS 13482:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the Internat
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