IEC 60599:2022
(Main)Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment in service - Guidance on the interpretation of dissolved and free gases analysis
Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment in service - Guidance on the interpretation of dissolved and free gases analysis
IEC 60599:2022 describes how the concentrations of dissolved gases or free gases can be interpreted to diagnose the condition of oil-filled electrical equipment in service and suggest future action. This document is applicable to electrical equipment filled with mineral insulating oil and insulated with cellulosic paper or pressboard-based solid insulation. Information about specific types of equipment such as transformers (power, instrument, industrial, railways, distribution), reactors, bushings, switchgear and oil-filled cables is given only as an indication in the application notes. This document can be applied, but only with caution, to other liquid-solid insulating systems. In any case, the indications obtained are given only as guidance with resulting action undertaken only with proper engineering judgment.
Matériels électriques remplis d'huile minérale en service - Recommandations relatives à l'interprétation de l'analyse des gaz dissous et des gaz libres
IEC 60599:2022 décrit la façon dont les concentrations de gaz dissous ou de gaz libres peuvent être interprétées pour diagnostiquer l'état des matériels électriques remplis d'huile en service et pour proposer une intervention ultérieure. Le présent document s'applique aux matériels électriques remplis d'huile minérale isolante et isolés par des isolants solides constitués de papier ou de carton cellulosiques. Des informations relatives aux types spécifiques de matériels tels que les transformateurs (de puissance, de mesure, industriels, ferroviaires, de distribution), les réactances, les traversées, les appareillages de connexion et les câbles à huile fluide sont données, à titre informatif seulement, dans les notes d'application. Le présent document peut être appliqué, mais uniquement avec prudence, à d'autres systèmes d'isolation liquide-solide. Dans tous les cas, les indications obtenues sont données uniquement à titre de recommandations et toute action qui en résulte n'est à entreprendre qu'après une appréciation technique convenable.
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IEC 60599 ®
Edition 4.0 2022-05
COMMENTED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
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inside
Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment in service – Guidance on the interpretation
of dissolved and free gases analysis
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
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IEC 60599 ®
Edition 4.0 2022-05
COMMENTED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment in service – Guidance on the interpretation
of dissolved and free gases analysis
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 17.220.99; 29.040.10; 29.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-3798-4
– 2 – IEC 60599:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD .5
INTRODUCTION .7
1 Scope .8
2 Normative references .8
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms .9
3.1 Terms and definitions .9
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 11
3.2.1 Chemical names and formulae . 11
3.2.2 General abbreviated terms . 11
4 Mechanisms of gas formation . 12
4.1 Decomposition of oil . 12
4.2 Decomposition of cellulosic insulation . 12
4.3 Stray gassing of oil . 13
4.4 Other sources of gas . 13
5 Identification of faults . 13
5.1 General . 13
5.2 Dissolved gas compositions . 13
5.3 Types of faults . 14
5.4 Basic gas ratios . 14
5.5 CO /CO ratio . 16
5.6 O /N ratio . 16
2 2
5.7 C H /H ratio. 17
2 2 2
5.8 C hydrocarbons . 17
5.9 Evolution of faults . 17
5.10 Graphical representations . 18
6 Conditions for calculating ratios . 18
6.1 Examination of DGA values . 18
6.2 Uncertainty on gas ratios . 18
7 Application to free gases in gas relays . 19
8 Gas concentration levels in service . 20
8.1 Probability of failure in service . 20
8.1.1 General . 20
8.1.2 Calculation methods . 21
8.2 Typical concentration values . 21
8.2.1 General . 21
8.2.2 Calculation methods . 21
8.2.3 Choice of normality percentages . 21
8.2.4 Alarm concentration values . 21
8.3 Rates of gas increase . 22
9 Recommended method of DGA interpretation . 22
10 Report of results . 23
Annex A (informative) Equipment application notes . 25
A.1 General warning . 25
A.2 Power transformers . 25
A.2.1 Specific subtypes . 25
A.2.2 Typical faults . 25
A.2.3 Identification of faults by DGA . 26
A.2.4 Typical concentration values . 26
A.2.5 Typical rates of gas increase . 27
A.2.6 Specific information to be added to the DGA report. 28
A.3 Industrial and special transformers . 28
A.3.1 Specific subtypes . 28
A.3.2 Typical faults . 28
A.3.3 Identification of faults by DGA . 29
A.3.4 Typical concentration values . 29
A.4 Instrument transformers . 30
A.4.1 Specific subtypes . 30
A.4.2 Typical faults . 30
A.4.3 Identification of faults by DGA . 31
A.4.4 Typical concentration values . 31
A.5 Oil-impregnated paper bushings . 32
A.5.1 Specific subtypes . 32
A.5.2 Typical faults . 32
A.5.3 Identification of faults by DGA . 32
A.5.4 Typical concentration values . 33
A.6 Oil-filled cables . 34
A.6.1 Typical faults . 34
A.6.2 Identification of faults by DGA . 34
A.6.3 Typical concentration values . 34
A.7 Switching equipment . 35
A.7.1 Specific subtypes . 35
A.7.2 Normal operation . 35
A.7.3 Typical faults . 35
A.7.4 Identification of faults by DGA . 35
A.8 Equipment filled with non-mineral fluids . 36
Annex B (informative) Graphical representations of gas ratios . 37
Bibliography . 41
List of comments . 42
Figure 1 – Flow chart . 24
Figure B.1 – Graphical representation 1 of gas ratios (see [3]) . 37
Figure B.2 – Graphical representation 2 of gas ratios . 38
Figure B.3 – Graphical representation 3 of gas ratios – Duval's triangle 1 for
transformers, bushings and cables (see [4]) . 39
Figure B.4 – Graphical representation 4 of gas ratios – Duval's triangle 2 for OLTCs
(see A.7.2) . 40
Table 1 – DGA interpretation table . 15
Table 2 – Simplified scheme of interpretation . 15
Table 3 – Ostwald solubility coefficients for various gases in mineral insulating oils . 20
Table A.1 – Typical faults in power transformers . 26
– 4 – IEC 60599:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
Table A.2 – Ranges of 90 % typical gas concentration values observed in power
transformers, in µl/l . 27
Table A.3 – Ranges of 90 % typical rates of gas increase observed in power
transformers (all types), in µl/l . 27
Table A.4 – Examples of 90 % typical concentration values observed on individual
networks . 29
Table A.5 – Ranges of 90 % typical concentration values observed in WTTs . 30
Table A.6 – Typical faults in instrument transformers. 31
Table A.7 – Ranges of 90 % typical concentration values o
...
IEC 60599 ®
Edition 4.0 2022-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment in service – Guidance on the interpretation
of dissolved and free gases analysis
Matériels électriques remplis d'huile minérale en service – Recommandations
relatives à l'interprétation de l'analyse des gaz dissous et des gaz libres
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
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IEC Secretariat Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews. With a subscription you will always
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced have access to up to date content tailored to your needs.
and withdrawn publications.
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IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
containing more than 22 300 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and
and French, with equivalent terms in 19 additional languages.
once a month by email.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
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IEC 60599 ®
Edition 4.0 2022-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment in service – Guidance on the interpretation
of dissolved and free gases analysis
Matériels électriques remplis d'huile minérale en service – Recommandations
relatives à l'interprétation de l'analyse des gaz dissous et des gaz libres
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220.99; 29.040.10; 29.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-3696-3
– 2 – IEC 60599:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 10
3.2.1 Chemical names and formulae . 10
3.2.2 General abbreviated terms . 10
4 Mechanisms of gas formation . 11
4.1 Decomposition of oil . 11
4.2 Decomposition of cellulosic insulation . 12
4.3 Stray gassing of oil . 12
4.4 Other sources of gas . 12
5 Identification of faults . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.2 Dissolved gas compositions . 13
5.3 Types of faults . 13
5.4 Basic gas ratios . 13
5.5 CO /CO ratio . 15
5.6 O /N ratio . 15
2 2
5.7 C H /H ratio . 16
2 2 2
5.8 C hydrocarbons . 16
5.9 Evolution of faults . 16
5.10 Graphical representations . 16
6 Conditions for calculating ratios . 17
6.1 Examination of DGA values . 17
6.2 Uncertainty on gas ratios . 17
7 Application to free gases in gas relays . 17
8 Gas concentration levels in service . 19
8.1 Probability of failure in service . 19
8.1.1 General . 19
8.1.2 Calculation methods . 20
8.2 Typical concentration values . 20
8.2.1 General . 20
8.2.2 Calculation methods . 20
8.2.3 Choice of normality percentages . 20
8.2.4 Alarm concentration values . 20
8.3 Rates of gas increase . 21
9 Recommended method of DGA interpretation . 21
10 Report of results . 22
Annex A (informative) Equipment application notes . 24
A.1 General warning . 24
A.2 Power transformers . 24
A.2.1 Specific subtypes. 24
A.2.2 Typical faults . 24
A.2.3 Identification of faults by DGA . 25
A.2.4 Typical concentration values . 25
A.2.5 Typical rates of gas increase . 26
A.2.6 Specific information to be added to the DGA report . 27
A.3 Industrial and special transformers . 27
A.3.1 Specific subtypes. 27
A.3.2 Typical faults . 27
A.3.3 Identification of faults by DGA . 28
A.3.4 Typical concentration values . 28
A.4 Instrument transformers . 29
A.4.1 Specific subtypes. 29
A.4.2 Typical faults . 29
A.4.3 Identification of faults by DGA . 29
A.4.4 Typical concentration values . 30
A.5 Oil-impregnated paper bushings . 30
A.5.1 Specific subtypes. 30
A.5.2 Typical faults . 30
A.5.3 Identification of faults by DGA . 31
A.5.4 Typical concentration values . 31
A.6 Oil-filled cables . 32
A.6.1 Typical faults . 32
A.6.2 Identification of faults by DGA . 32
A.6.3 Typical concentration values . 32
A.7 Switching equipment . 33
A.7.1 Specific subtypes. 33
A.7.2 Normal operation . 33
A.7.3 Typical faults .
...
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