IEC 62660-1:2010

Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 1: Performance testing

IEC 62660-1:2010 specifies performance and life testing of secondary lithium-ion cells used for propulsion of electric vehicles including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).

Eléments d'accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers électriques - Partie 1: Essais de performance

La CEI 62660-1:2010 spécifie les essais de performance et de durée de vie des accumulateurs lithium-ion utilisés pour la propulsion des véhicules électriques, incluant les véhicules électriques à batterie d'accumulateurs (BEV) et les véhicules électriques hybrides (HEV).

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 15-Dec-2010
• ICS: 29.220.20 - Acid secondary cells and batteries
• ICS: 43.120 - Electric road vehicles
• Technical Committee: TC 21 - Secondary cells and batteries
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Completion Date: 12-Dec-2018

Relations

• Revised: IEC 62660-1:2018 - Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 1: Performance testing
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 62660-1


®

Edition 1.0 2010-12



INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD



NORME
INTERNATIONALE


Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –
Part 1: Performance testing

Éléments d’accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers
électriques –
Partie 1: Essais de performance

IEC 62660-1:2010

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IEC 62660-1


®

Edition 1.0 2010-12



INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD



NORME
INTERNATIONALE


Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –
Part 1: Performance testing

Éléments d’accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers
électriques –
Partie 1: Essais de performance


INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
W
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.220.20, 43.120 ISBN 978-2-88912-308-7
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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– 2 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010



CONTENTS

FOREWORD . 0H4


INTRODUCTION . 1H6

1 Scope . 2H7

2 Normative references . 3H7


3 Terms and definitions . 4H7

4 Test conditions . 5H8

4.1 General . 6H8

4.2 Measuring instruments. 7H8
4.2.1 Range of measuring devices . 8H8
4.2.2 Voltage measurement . 9H9
4.2.3 Current measurement . 10H9
4.2.4 Temperature measurements . 11H9
4.2.5 Other measurements . 12H9
4.3 Tolerance . 13H10
4.4 Test temperature. 14H10
5 Dimension measurement . 15H10
6 Mass measurement . 16H11
7 Electrical measurement . 17H11
7.1 General charge conditions . 18H11
7.2 Capacity . 19H12
7.3 SOC adjustment . 20H12
7.4 Power . 21H12
7.4.1 Test method . 22H12
7.4.2 Calculation of power density . 23H15
7.4.3 Calculation of regenerative power density . 24H16
7.5 Energy . 25H17
7.5.1 Test method . 26H17
7.5.2 Calculation of energy density. 27H17
7.6 Storage test . 28H18
7.6.1 Charge retention test . 29H18
7.6.2 Storage life test . 30H19
7.7 Cycle life test . 31H19

7.7.1 BEV cycle test . 32H19
7.7.2 HEV cycle test . 33H23
7.8 Energy efficiency test . 34H27
7.8.1 Common tests. 35H27
7.8.2 Test for cells of BEV application . 36H29
7.8.3 Energy efficiency calculation for cells of HEV application . 37H30
Annex A (informative) Selective test conditions. 38H32
Annex B (informative) Cycle life test sequence . 39H34
Bibliography . 40H37

Figure 1 – Example of temperature measurement of cell . 41H9
Figure 2 – Examples of maximum dimension of cell . 42H11
Figure 3 – Test order of the current-voltage characteristic test . 43H15

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62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 3 –


Figure 4 – Dynamic discharge profile A for BEV cycle test . 44H21

Figure 5 – Dynamic discharge profile B for BEV cycle test . 45H22


Figure 6 – Discharge-rich profile for HEV cycle test . 46H25

Figure 7 – Charge-rich profile for HEV cycle test . 47H26

Figure 8 – Typical SOC swing by combination of two profiles for HEV cycle test . 48H27


Figure B.1 – Test sequence of BEV cycle test . 49H35

Figure B.2 – Concept of BEV cycle test. 50H36



Table 1 – Discharge conditions . 51H12

Table 2 – Examples of charge and discharge current . 52H13
Table 3 – Dynamic discharge profile A for BEV cycle test . 53H21
Table 4 – Dynamic discharge profile B for BEV cycle test . 54H22
Table 5 – Discharge-rich profile for HEV cycle test . 55H25
Table 6 – Charge-rich profile for HEV cycle test. 56H26
Table A.1 – Capacity test conditions . 57H32
Table A.2 – Power test conditions . 58H32
Table A.3 – Cycle life test conditions . 59H32
Table A.4 – Conditions for energy efficiency test for BEV application . 60H33
Table B.1 – Test sequence of HEV cycle test . 61H36

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– 4 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010


INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________



SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION CELLS FOR THE PROPULSION

OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –



Part 1: Performance testing





FOREWORD

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International Standard IEC 62660-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 21:
Secondary cells and batteries.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
21/728/FDIS 21/732/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62660 series, published under the general title Secondary
lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles, can be found on the IEC website.

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62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 5 –


The committee has decided that the contents of this amendment and the base publication will

remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under

"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the

publication will be


• reconfirmed,

• withdrawn,

• replaced by a revised edition, or

• amended.

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– 6 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010


INTRODUCTION


The commercialisation of electric road vehicles including battery, hybrid and plug-in hybrid

electric vehicles has been accelerated in the global market, responding to the global concerns

on CO reduction and energy security. This, in turn, has led to rapidly increasing demand for
2
high-power and high-energy density traction batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are estimated to

be one of the most promising secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric vehicles. In the

light of rapidly diffusing hybrid electric vehicles and emerging battery and plug-in hybrid

electric vehicles, a standard method for testing performance requirements of lithium-ion

batteries is indispensable for securing a basic level of performance and obtaining essential

data for the design of vehicle systems and battery packs.

This standard is to specify performance testing for automobile traction lithium-ion cells that
basically differ from the other cells including those for portable and stationary applications
specified by the other IEC standards. For automobile application, it is important to note the
usage specificity; i.e. the designing diversity of automobile battery packs and systems, and
specific requirements for cells and batteries corresponding to each of such designs. Based on
these facts, the purpose of this standard is to provide a basic test methodology with general
versatility, which serves a function in common primary testing of lithium ion cells to be used in
a variety of battery systems.
1
This standard is associated with ISO 12405-1-and ISO 12405-2 1F .
IEC 62660-2 specifies the reliability and abuse testing for lithium-ion cells for electric vehicle
application.


___________
1
 Under consideration.

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62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 7 –


SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION CELLS FOR THE PROPULSION

OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –



Part 1: Performance testing








1 Scope


This part of IEC 62660 specifies performance and life testing of secondary lithium-ion cells
used for propulsion of electric vehicles including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid
electric vehicles (HEV).
The objective of this standard is to specify the test procedures to obtain the essential
characteristics of lithium-ion cells for vehicle propulsion applications regarding capacity,
power density, energy density, storage life and cycle life.
This standard provides the standard test procedures and conditions for testing basic
performance characteristics of lithium-ion cells for vehicle propulsion applications, which are
indispensable for securing a basic level of performance and obtaining essential data on cells
for various designs of battery systems and battery packs.
NOTE 1 Based on the agreement between the manufacturer and the customer, specific test conditions may be
selected in addition to the conditions specified in this standard. Selective test conditions are described in Annex A.
NOTE 2 The performance tests for the electrically connected lithium-ion cells may be performed with reference to
this standard.
NOTE 3 The test specification for lithium-ion battery packs and systems is defined in ISO 12405-1 and
ISO 12405-2 (under consideration).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-482, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 482: Primary and secondary
cells and batteries
IEC 61434, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes –

Guide to the designation of current in alkaline secondary cell and battery standards
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-482 and the
following apply.
3.1
battery electric vehicle
BEV
electric vehicle with only a traction battery as power source for vehicle propulsion

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– 8 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010


3.2

hybrid electric vehicle

HEV

vehicle with both a rechargeable energy storage system and a fuelled power source for

propulsion


3.3

rated capacity

quantity of electricity C Ah (ampere-hours) for BEV and C Ah for HEV declared by the
3 1

manufacturer


3.4
reference test current
I
t
current in amperes which is expressed as
I (A) = C (Ah)/ 1 (h)
t n
where
C is the rated capacity of the cell ;

n
n is the time base (hours).
3.5
room temperature
temperature of 25 °C ± 2 K
3.6
secondary lithium ion cell
secondary single cell whose electrical energy is derived from the insertion/extraction
reactions of lithium ions between the anode and the cathode
NOTE 1 The secondary cell is a basic manufactured unit providing a source of electrical energy by direct
conversion of chemical energy. The cell consists of electrodes, separators, electrolyte, container and terminals,
and is designed to be charged electrically.
NOTE 2 In this standard, cell or secondary cell means the secondary lithium ion cell to be used for the propulsion
of electric road vehicles.
3.7
state of charge
SOC
available capacity in a battery expressed as a percentage of rated capacity

4 Test conditions
4.1 General
The details of the instrumentation used shall be provided in any report of results.
4.2 Measuring instruments
4.2.1 Range of measuring devices
The instruments used shall enable the values of voltage and current to be measured. The
range of these instruments and measuring methods shall be chosen so as to ensure the
accuracy specified for each test.

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62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 9 –


For analogue instruments, this implies that the readings shall be taken in the last third of the
graduated scale.


Any other measuring instruments may be used provided they give an equivalent accuracy.


4.2.2 Voltage measurement

The resistance of the voltmeters used shall be at least 1 M W /V.


4.2.3 Current measurement


The entire assembly of ammeter, shunt and leads shall be of an accuracy class of 0,5 or
better.
4.2.4 Temperature measurements
The cell temperature shall be measured by use of a surface temperature measuring device
capable of an equivalent scale definition and accuracy of calibration as specified in 4.2.1. The
temperature should be measured at a location which most closely reflects the cell
temperature. The temperature may be measured at additional appropriate locations, if
necessary.
The examples for temperature measurement are shown in Figure 1. The instructions for
temperature measurement specified by the manufacturer shall be followed.

Prismatic or flat cell Cylindrical cell
Temperature measuring device
Cell
Cell Cell

Insulating material
IEC  2861/10


Figure 1 – Example of temperature measurement of cell
4.2.5 Other measurements
Other values including capacity and power may be measured by use of a measuring device,
provided that it complies with 4.3.

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– 10 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010


4.3 Tolerance


The overall accuracy of controlled or measured values, relative to the specified or actual

values, shall be within these tolerances:


a) ±0,1 % for voltage;

b) ±1 % for current;


c) ± 2 K for temperature;

d) ±0,1 % for time;

e) ±0,1 % for mass;

f) ±0,1 % for dimensions.
These tolerances comprise the combined accuracy of the measuring instruments, the
measurement technique used, and all other sources of error in the test procedure.
4.4 Test temperature
If not otherwise defined, before each test the cell shall be stabilized at the test temperature
for a minimum of 12 h. This period can be reduced if thermal stabilization is reached. Thermal
stabilization is considered to be reached if after one interval of 1 h, the change of cell
temperature is lower than 1 K.
Unless otherwise stated in this standard, cells shall be tested at room temperature using the
method declared by the manufacturer.
5 Dimension measurement
The maximum dimension of the total width, thickness or diameter, and length of a cell shall be
measured up to three significant figures in accordance with the tolerances in 4.3.
The examples of maximum dimension are shown in Figures 2a to 2f.
C
C

E D E
D

IEC  2862/10 IEC  2863/10

Figure 2a – Cylindrical cell (1) Figure 2b – Cylindrical cell (2)

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62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 11 –







B
A B
A



D
E
D, E



IEC  2864/10 IEC  2865/10

Figure 2c – Prismatic cell (1) Figure 2d – Prismatic cell (2)

A
A
D
D
E
E
B
B

IEC  2866/10 IEC  2867/10

Figure 2e – Flat cell (1) Figure 2f – Flat cell (2)
Key
A total width
B total thickness
C diameter
D total length (including terminals)
E total length (excluding terminals)

Figure 2 – Examples of maximum dimension of cell
6 Mass measurement
Mass of a cell is measured up to three significant figures in accordance with the tolerances in
4.3.
7 Electrical measurement
During each test, voltage, current and temperature shall be recorded.
7.1 General charge conditions
Unless otherwise stated in this standard, prior to electrical measurement test, the cell shall
be charged as follows.

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– 12 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010


Prior to charging, the cell shall be discharged at room temperature at a constant current

described in Table 1 down to a end-of-discharge voltage specified by the manufacturer. Then,

the cell shall be charged according to the charging method declared by the manufacturer at

room temperature.


7.2 Capacity


Capacity of cell shall be measured in accordance with the following steps.


Step 1 – The cell shall be charged in accordance with 7.1.


After recharge, the cell temperature shall be stabilized in accordance with 4.4.
Step 2 – The cell shall be discharged at specified temperature at a constant current I (A) to
t
the end-of-discharge voltage that is provided by the manufacturer. The discharge current and
temperatures indicated in Table 1 shall be used.
NOTE Selective test conditions are shown in Table A.1 in Annex A.
The method of designation of test current I is defined in IEC 61434.
t
Table 1 – Discharge conditions
Discharge current
A
Temperature
BEV application HEV application
°C
0
1/3 I 1 I
25
t t
45

Step 3 – Measure the discharge duration until the specified end-of discharge voltage is
reached, and calculate the capacity of cell expressed in Ah up to three significant figures.
7.3 SOC adjustment
The test cells shall be charged as specified below. The SOC adjustment is the procedure to
be followed for preparing cells to the various SOCs for the tests in this standard.
Step 1 - The cell shall be charged in accordance with 7.1.

Step 2 - The cell shall be left at rest at room temperature in accordance with 4.4.
Step 3 - The cell shall be discharged at a constant current according to Table 1 for
(100 –n)/100 ´ 3 h for BEV application and (100 – n)/100 ´ 1 h for HEV application, where n is
SOC (%) to be adjusted for each test.
7.4 Power
7.4.1 Test method
The test shall be carried out in accordance with the following procedure.
a) Mass measurement
Mass of the cell shall be measured as specified in Clause 6.
b) Dimension measurement

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62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 13 –


Dimension of the cell shall be measured as specified in Clause 5.

c) Current-voltage characteristic test


Current-voltage characteristics shall be determined by measuring the voltage at the end of

the 10 second pulse, when a constant current is discharged and charged under the

conditions specified below.

1) SOC shall be ad
...