TC 21 - Secondary cells and batteries

IEC 63338:2024 applies to the reuse and repurposing of secondary lithium ion and nickel-metal hydride cells and batteries after extraction from the application for which they were first placed on the market (hereafter "relevant cells and batteries").
This document does not permit reuse or repurposing of single cells or cell assemblies if battery lifetime traceability data are not recorded. See Clause 4. Swappable batteries such as those used in e-scooters are removed and installed by the user (such as for charging) without conducting a safety assessment (such as battery lifetime traceability data assessment) as part of intended use, which is not considered reuse or repurposing. This document does not cover system component reuse and repurposing. The original manufacturer can be contacted to confirm suitability of components for reuse and repurposing.
The primary purpose of this document is to provide basic guidance on the environmental aspects of reuse and repurposing of relevant cells and batteries; basic guidance on safety risks for the reuse and repurposing of relevant cells and batteries; basic guidance on original manufacturer warning notice on the applicability of a product for reuse or repurposing; and useful information regarding reuse and repurposing and relevant cell and battery regulations and standards to interested parties.

IEC 61960-4:2024 specifies performance tests, designations, markings, dimensions and other requirements for coin secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications, watches, and backup power supply such as memory backup applications. In particular, watch‑specific requirements are specified in Annex A. This document provides purchasers and users of coin secondary lithium cells and batteries with a set of criteria with which they can assess the performance of coin secondary lithium cells and batteries offered by various manufacturers. This document defines a minimum required level of performance and a standardized methodology by which testing is performed and the results of this testing are reported to the user. This document covers coin secondary lithium cells and batteries with a range of chemistries. Each electrochemical couple has a characteristic voltage range over which, during discharge, it releases its electrical capacity, a characteristic nominal voltage and a characteristic end‑of‑discharge voltage. Users of coin secondary lithium cells and batteries are requested to consult the manufacturer for advice. This document also provides guidelines for designers of equipment using lithium batteries (voir l'Annexe B).

IEC 63330-1:2024 provides general requirements for repurposing of secondary cells, modules, battery packs and battery systems, herein also referred to as "PRODUCT", that are originally manufactured for other applications such as electric vehicles. This document specifies the procedure to evaluate the performance and safety of used PRODUCT for repurposing. This document also provides basic requirements for application of repurposed PRODUCT. This document targets secondary lithium ion PRODUCT and battery technologies with data traceability.
This document intends to provide basic requirements and a procedure to evaluate the performance and safety of used batteries and battery systems, and also provide general requirements for application of repurposed batteries.

IEC 61427-2:2015 relates to secondary batteries used in on-grid Electrical Energy Storage (EES) applications and provides the associated methods of test for the verification of their endurance, properties and electrical performance in such applications. The test methods are essentially battery chemistry neutral, i.e. applicable to all secondary battery types. On-grid applications are characterized by the fact that batteries are connected, via power conversion devices, to a regional or nation- or continent-wide electricity grid and act as instantaneous energy sources and sinks to stabilize the grids performance when randomly major amounts of electrical energy from renewable energy sources are fed into it. Related power conversion and interface equipment is not covered by this part of IEC 61427.

IEC 63118-1:2024 specifies the general tests and requirements for the performance of lithium secondary batteries with a nominal voltage of 12 V permanently installed in road vehicles not for propulsion. The replacement of secondary batteries permanently installed in road vehicles not for propulsion is covered by this document.
The following are typical applications that utilize the batteries under the scope of this document: power source for the starting of internal combustion engines, lighting, stop and start function, on-board auxiliary equipment and energy absorption for regeneration from braking.
This document includes:
- electrical characteristics tests methods and requirements;
- a life duration tests method.

IEC 62877-1:2023 applies to electrolytes and their components used for filling vented lead acid batteries with dry-charged cells and for electrolyte replenishment, replacement or electrolyte density adjustment of batteries in operation. This document defines the composition, purity and properties of electrolyte, for application where specific instructions from the battery manufacturer are not available. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2016. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Addition of the concentration values of halogens in Table 4.

IEC 62620:2014 specifies marking, tests and requirements for lithium secondary cells and batteries used in industrial applications including stationary applications. When there exists an IEC standard specifying test conditions and requirements for cells used in special applications and which is in conflict with this standard, the former takes precedence. (e.g. IEC 62660 series on road vehicles). The following are some examples of applications that utilize the cells and batteries under the scope of this standard.
- Stationary applications: telecom, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), electrical energy storage system, utility switching, emergency power and similar applications.
- Motive applications: fork-lift truck, golf cart, AGV, railway, and marine, excluding road vehicles.
This standard applies to cells and batteries. If the battery is divided into smaller units, the smaller unit can be tested as the representative of the battery. The manufacturer clearly declares the tested unit. The manufacturer may add functions, which are present in the final battery, to the tested unit.

IEC 61951-1:2017 specifies marking, designation, dimensions, tests and requirements for secondary sealed nickel-cadmium small prismatic, cylindrical and button cells and batteries, suitable for use in any orientation, for portable applications.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- addition of battery type;
- revision of Figure 3 (6.1.3.1);
- addition of “Optional pip” note to positive contact;
- changed leader line position from pip to flats of positive contact (B and G).

IEC 63115-1:2020 specifies the marking, designation, tests and requirements for sealed nickel­metal hydride cells and batteries used in industrial applications, including stationary applications.
When an IEC International Standard specifying test conditions and requirements for cells used in special applications is in conflict with this document, the former takes precedence (e.g. IEC 62675).
The following are some examples of applications that utilize the cells and batteries falling under the scope of this document.
• Stationary applications: telecom, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), electrical energy storage system, utility switching, emergency power and similar applications.
• Motive applications: fork-lift truck, golf cart, AGV (Automatic Guided Vehicle), railway, and marine, excluding road vehicles.
Since this document covers batteries for various industrial applications, it includes those requirements that are common and minimum to the various applications.
This document applies to cells and batteries. If the battery is divided into smaller units, the smaller unit can be tested as representative of the battery. The manufacturer clearly declares the tested unit. The manufacturer can add functions to the tested unit that are present in the final battery.

IEC 62619:2022 specifies requirements and tests for the safe operation of secondary lithium cells and batteries used in industrial applications, including stationary applications. When there exists an IEC International Standard specifying test conditions and requirements for cells used in special applications and which is in conflict with this document, the former takes precedence (e.g., IEC 62660 series on road vehicles). The following are some examples of applications that utilize cells and batteries under the scope of this document:
- Stationary applications: telecom, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), electrical energy storage system, utility switching, emergency power, and similar applications.
- Motive applications: forklift truck, golf cart, automated guided vehicle (AGV), railway vehicles, and marine vehicles, with the exception of road vehicles.

IEC 62660-3:2022 specifies test procedures and acceptance criteria for safety performance of secondary lithium-ion cells and cell blocks used for propulsion of electric vehicles (EV) including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). This document determines the basic safety performance of cells used in a battery pack and system under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or incident, during the normal operation of the EV. The safety requirements of the cell in this document are based on the premise that the cells are properly used in a battery pack and system within the limits for voltage, current and temperature as specified by the cell manufacturer (cell operating region).

IEC 63218:2021 provides requirements and recommendations on environmental aspects of secondary lithium, nickel cadmium and nickel-metal hydride cells and batteries for portable applications (hereafter referred to as “relevant secondary cells and batteries”).
Relevant secondary cells and batteries are specified within the scopes of IEC 61960-3, IEC 61960-4, IEC 61951-1, and IEC 61951-2.
NOTE Portable applications are defined in IEC 61960-3 as comprising hand-held equipment, transportable equipment, and movable equipment. See IEC 61960-3 for examples.
This document is not intended to be applied to batteries embedded in end-use products. Once the embedded battery is removed from an end-use product, this document becomes applicable to it.
The safety and control circuits as well as cases associated with relevant secondary batteries, except for those forming part of an end-use product, are covered by this document as parts of the relevant secondary batteries.

IEC 60095-2:2021 is applicable to lead-acid batteries used for starting, lighting and ignition of passenger cars and light vehicles with a nominal voltage of 12 V.
All batteries in accordance with this document can be fastened to the vehicle either by means of the ledges around the container or by means of a hold-down device engaging with the lid.
This document specifies dimensions of battery for Europe, East Asia and North America.

IEC TS 61044:2021(E) covers opportunity charging of lead-acid traction batteries, i.e., the use of idle time during a working period to increase the state of charge (SoC) so as to extend the daily working period of a lead-acid traction battery while at the same time avoiding an excessive depth of discharge.
This document specifies requirements for the use of opportunity charging of lead-acid traction batteries of vented and valve regulated types when the battery manufacturer has not provided alternative specific operating procedures.

IEC 62133-2:2017 specifies requirements and tests for the safe operation of portable sealed secondary lithium cells and batteries containing non-acid electrolyte, under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse.
This first edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 62133 published in 2012. It constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 62133:2012:
- separation of nickel systems into a separate Part 1;
- inclusion of coin cell requirements;
- update of assembly of cells into batteries (5.6);
- mechanical tests [vibration, shock] (7.3.8.1, 7.3.8.2);
- insertion of IEC TR 62914 within the Bibliography.

IEC 60095-4:2021 is applicable to lead-acid batteries used for starting, lighting and ignition of heavy trucks, commercial vehicles, busses and agricultural trucks. The object of this document is to specify global requirements of the main dimensions of starter batteries for Europe, North America and East Asia. This document comprises 12 types of "preferred types" of batteries. This document specifies dimensions of 4 types of batteries each for Europe (types A, B, C and D2), North America (types 4D, 8D, 31T, 31A) and East Asia (types E41, F51, G51, H52).

The contents of the corrigendum of December 2021 have been included in this copy.

IEC 62485-6:2021 applies to battery installations used for electric off-road vehicles; it does not cover the design of such vehicles.
Examples of the main applications are:
- industrial
• cleaning machines,
• trucks for material handling, for example, lift trucks, tow trucks, automatic guided vehicles,
• electrically propulsed lifting platforms;
- other applications
• electric powered boats and ships.
The contents of the corrigendum of February 2023 have been included in this copy.

IEC-63115-2:2021 specifies designations, tests and requirements for the safe operation of sealed nickel-metal hydride cells and batteries used in industrial applications excluding road vehicles.
Since this document covers batteries for various industrial applications, it includes those requirements which are common and minimum to the various applications.

IEC 62485-5:2020 applies to the installation of one or more stationary secondary batteries having a maximum aggregate DC voltage of 1 500 V to any DC part of the power network, and describes the principal measures for protections during normal operation or under expected fault conditions against hazards generated from:
– electricity,
– short-circuits,
– electrolyte,
– gas emission,
– fire,
– explosion.
This document provides requirements on safety aspects associated with the installation, use, inspection, and maintenance and disposal of lithium ion batteries used in stationary applications.
The contents of the corrigendum of June 2022 have been included in this copy.

IEC 63193:2020 is applicable to lead-acid batteries powering electric two-wheelers (mopeds) and three-wheelers (e-rickshaws and delivery vehicles), and also to golf cars and similar light utility and multi-passenger vehicles.
The document specifies methods of tests tailored to batteries destined for the above‑referenced types of vehicles so as to ensure satisfactory and safe battery performance in the intended application.
This document does not apply for example to lead-acid cells and batteries used for:
vehicle engine starting applications (IEC 60095 series);
traction applications (IEC 60254 series);
stationary applications (IEC 60896 series);
general purpose applications (IEC 61056 series); or to
motorized wheelchairs and similar personal assist vehicles

IEC TR 61431:2020 is an informative document relating to aspects of automatic monitor systems as utilized in lead-acid traction battery applications. It lists the characteristics and features that need to be monitored and evaluated to properly assess the operative status of a traction battery. Guidance concerning the accuracy and reliability of the generated information is also provided.

IEC 61960-4:2020 specifies performance tests, designations, markings, dimensions and other requirements for coin secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications and backup power supply such as memory backup applications.
The objective of this document is to provide the purchasers and users of coin secondary lithium cells and batteries with a set of criteria with which they can assess the performance of coin secondary lithium cells and batteries offered by various manufacturers.
This document defines a minimum required level of performance and a standardized methodology by which testing is performed and the results of this testing reported to the user. Hence, users will be able to establish the viability of commercially available cells and batteries via the declared specification and thus be able to select the cell or battery best suited for their intended application.
This document covers coin secondary lithium cells and batteries with a range of chemistries. Each electrochemical couple has a characteristic voltage range over which, during discharge, it releases its electrical capacity, a characteristic nominal voltage and a characteristic end-of-discharge voltage. Users of coin secondary lithium cells and batteries are requested to consult the manufacturer for advice.
This document also provides guidelines for designers of equipment using lithium batteries.

IEC 62984-3:2020 specifies performance requirements and test procedures for high­-temperature batteries based on sodium for mobile and/or stationary use and whose rated voltage does not exceed 1 500 V.
Sodium based batteries include sodium-sulphur batteries and sodium-nickel chloride batteries; both are high-temperature batteries and use a solid, sodium conducting electrolyte. Additional information on sodium-based batteries technology, their chemistries and construction are given in Annex B.
This document does not cover aircraft batteries, covered by IEC 60952 (all parts), and batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles, covered by IEC 61982 (all parts).

IEC 63056:2020 specifies requirements and tests for the product safety of secondary lithium cells and batteries used in electrical energy storage systems (Figure 2) with a maximum DC voltage of 1 500 V (nominal).
Basic safety requirements for the secondary lithium cells and batteries used in industrial applications are included in IEC 62619. This document provides additional or specific requirements for electrical energy storage systems.
Since this document covers batteries for various electrical energy storage systems, it includes those requirements which are common and minimum to the electrical energy storage systems.
Examples of appliances that are within the scope of this document are:
• telecommunications,
• central emergency lighting and alarm systems,
• stationary engine starting,
• photovoltaic systems,
• home (residential) energy storage systems (HESS), and
• large energy storage: on-grid/off-grid.
This document applies to cells and batteries for uninterruptible power supplies (UPS).
This document does not apply to portable systems 500 Wh or below, which are covered by IEC 61960-3.
The contents of the corrigendum of June 2021 have been included in this copy.

IEC 62984-2:2020 specifies safety requirements and test procedures for high-temperature batteries for mobile and/or stationary use and whose rated voltage does not exceed 1 500 V.
This document does not cover aircraft batteries, which are covered by IEC 60952 (all parts), and batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles, covered by IEC 61982 (all parts).

IEC 62984-1:2020 specifies general aspects, definitions and tests for high-temperature secondary batteries for mobile and/or stationary use and whose nominal voltage does not exceed 1 500 V.
This document does not cover aircraft batteries, which are covered by IEC 60952 (all parts), or batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles, covered by IEC 61982 (all parts).

IEC 62932-2-2:2020 applies to flow battery systems for stationary applications and their installations with a maximum voltage not exceeding 1 500 V DC in compliance with IEC 62932-1. This document defines the requirements and test methods for risk reduction and protection measures against significant hazards relevant to flow battery systems, to persons, property and the environment, or to a combination of them. This document is applicable to stationary flow battery systems intended for indoor and outdoor commercial and industrial use in non-hazardous (unclassified) areas. This document covers significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, with the exception of those associated with natural disaster, relevant to flow battery systems, when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer including reasonably foreseeable misuse thereof. The requirements described in this document are not intended to constrain innovations. When considering fluids, materials, designs or constructions not specifically dealt with in this document, these alternatives are evaluated as to their ability to yield levels of safety equivalent to those specified in this document.

IEC 62932-1:2020 relates to flow battery energy systems (FBES) used in electrical energy storage (EES) applications and provides the main terminology and general aspects of this technology, including terms necessary for the definition of unit parameters, test methods, safety and environmental issues.

IEC 62932-2-1:2020 specifies methods of test and requirements for the flow battery system (FBS) and the flow battery energy system (FBES) for the verification of their performances. This document is applicable to FBES or FBS which are designed and used for service in stationary locations (i.e. not generally to be moved from place to place). This document does not cover testing of the system for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).

IEC 63057:2020 specifies safety tests and requirements for secondary lithium batteries permanently installed in road vehicles not for the propulsion. Replacement secondary batteries permanently installed in road vehicles not for propulsion are covered by this document.
The following are typical applications that utilize the batteries under the scope of this document: a power source for the starting of internal combustion engines, lighting, on-board auxiliary equipment, and energy absorption for regeneration from braking.
This document applies to batteries with a maximum voltage less than or equal to 60 V DC.
The batteries primarily used for propulsion of electric vehicles (EVs), including battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are not covered by this document.

IEC 60095-7:2019 is applicable to lead-acid batteries used primarily as a power source for the starting of internal combustion engines, lighting and ignition (SLI) of motorcycles and other power sport vehicles. The nominal voltage is 12 V or 6 V.
Test definitions and criteria in this document are for batteries with a nominal voltage of 12 V only. For batteries with a nominal voltage of 6 V, all voltages have to be divided by two.
The other power sports vehicles covered in this document are snowmobiles, personal water crafts and all-terrain vehicles.
This document is not applicable to batteries for other purposes, such as the back-up power sources, auxiliary equipment of internal combustion engine vehicles and e-bikes.
This document specifies:
• general requirements;
• size, essential functional characteristics, relevant test methods and results required.

IEC 60095-6:2019 is applicable to lead-acid batteries with a nominal voltage of 12 V, used primarily as power source for the starting of internal combustion engines (ICE), lighting and also for auxiliary equipment of ICE vehicles. These batteries are commonly called "starter batteries".
The batteries within the scope of this document are used for micro-cycle applications in vehicles which can also be called start-stop (or stop-start, idling-stop system, micro-hybrid or idle-stop-and-go) applications. In cars with this special capability, the internal combustion engine is switched off during a complete vehicle stop, during idling with low speed or during idling where there is no need to support the vehicle movement by the internal combustion engine. During the phases in which the engine is switched off, most of the electric and electronic components of the car are supplied by the battery without support of the alternator. In addition, in most cases an additional regenerative braking (recuperation or regeneration of braking energy) function is installed. The batteries under these applications are stressed in a completely different way compared to classical starter batteries. Aside from these additional properties, these batteries need to crank the ICE and support the lighting and also auxiliary functions in a standard operating mode with the support of the alternator when the internal combustion engine is switched on. All batteries within this scope fulfil basic functions, which are tested under the application of IEC 60095-1.
This document specifies the general requirements and methods of test specific to lead-acid batteries used for micro-cycle applications.
This document is applicable to batteries for the following purposes:
• lead-acid batteries of the dimensions according to IEC 60095­2 for vehicles with the capability to automatically switch off the ICE during vehicle operation either in standstill or when moving ("start-stop");
• lead-acid batteries of the dimensions according to IEC 60095­2 for vehicles with start­stop applications with the capability to recover braking energy or energy from other sources.
Li-ion technology is excluded from this document.

IEC 62902:2019 specifies methods for the clear identification of secondary cells, batteries, battery modules and monoblocs according to their chemistry (electrochemical storage technology).
The markings described in this document are applicable for secondary cells, batteries, battery modules and monoblocs with a volume of more than 900 cm3.
The marking of the chemistry is useful for the installation, operation and decommissioning phases of battery life.
Many recycling processes are chemistry specific, thus undesired events can occur when a battery which is not of the appropriate chemistry enters a given recycling process. In order to ensure safe handling during sorting and recycling processes, therefore, the battery is marked so as to identify its chemistry.
IEC 62902:2019 defines the conditions of utilization of the markings indicating the chemistry of these secondary batteries.
The details of markings and their application are defined in this document.

IEC 62660-1:2018 specifies performance and life testing of secondary lithium-ion cells used for propulsion of electric vehicles including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). This document specifies the test procedures to obtain the essential characteristics of lithium-ion cells for vehicle propulsion applications regarding capacity, power density, energy density, storage life and cycle life. This document provides the standard test procedures and conditions for testing basic performance characteristics of lithium-ion cells for vehicle propulsion applications, which are indispensable for securing a basic level of performance and obtaining essential data on cells for various designs of battery systems and battery packs. IEC 62660-1:2018 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The purpose of each test has been added.
b) The power test has been revised for clarification, and an informative part of the current-voltage characteristic test has been moved to the new Annex C.

IEC 62660-2:2018 specifies test procedures to observe the reliability and abuse behaviour of secondary lithium-ion cells and cell blocks used for propulsion of electric vehicles including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). This document specifies the standard test procedures and conditions for basic characteristics of lithium-ion cells for use in propulsion of battery and hybrid electric vehicles. The tests are indispensable for obtaining essential data on reliability and abuse behaviour of lithium-ion cells for use in various designs of battery systems and battery packs. This document provides standard classification of description of test results to be used for the design of battery systems or battery packs. IEC 62660-2:2018 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The procedure of forced discharge test has been clarified (6.4.3.2).
b) "Cell block" has been added to the scope (Clause 1).
c) Option of temperature cycling test with electrical operation has been deleted (6.3.2).
d) The test conditions for overcharge test have been revised (6.4.2.2).

IEC 60095-1:2018 is applicable to lead-acid batteries with a nominal voltage of 12 V, used primarily as a power source for the starting of internal combustion engines, lighting, and for auxiliary equipment of internal combustion engine vehicles. These batteries are commonly called "starter batteries".
This document is applicable to batteries for the following purposes:
• batteries for passenger cars;
• batteries for commercial and industrial vehicles.
IEC 60095-1:2018 is not applicable to batteries for other purposes, such as the starting of railcar internal combustion engines or for motorcycles and other power sport vehicles. IEC 60095-1:2018 defines many general properties of lead-acid batteries. Single sections can be referenced in other parts of the IEC 60095 series even if the application is excluded in the scope of this document. This document specifies the:
• general requirements;
• essential functional characteristics, relevant test methods and results required,
for several classes of starter batteries:
• according to the general type of application;
• according to the type of product.
IEC 60095-1:2018 cancels and replaces the seventh edition published in 2006. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) charge acceptance test;
b) cranking performance test;
c) charge retention test; and
d) endurance test added.

IEC 61951-2:2017 specifies marking, designation, dimensions, tests and requirements for secondary sealed nickel-metal hydride small prismatic, cylindrical and button cells and batteries, suitable for use in any orientation, for portable applications.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- addition of battery type;
- addition of ‘F’ (high recovery type) designation for cells and batteries;
- addition of ‘I’ (low self-discharge type) designation for cells;
- revision of Figure 3 (6.1.3.1);
- addition of “optional pip” note to positive contact;
- changed leader line position from pip to flats of positive contact (B and G).

IEC TR 62660-4:2017(E) provides the test data on the candidate alternative test methods for the internal short circuit test according to 6.4.4.2.2 of IEC 62660-3:2016. The internal short circuit test in this document is intended to simulate an internal short circuit of a cell caused by the contamination of conductive particle, and to verify the safety performance of the cell under such conditions.
This document is applicable to the secondary lithium-ion cells and cell blocks used for propulsion of electric vehicles (EV) including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).
This document does not cover cylindrical cells.

IEC 62619:2017 specifies requirements and tests for the safe operation of secondary lithium cells and batteries used in industrial applications including stationary applications.
When there exists an IEC standard specifying test conditions and requirements for cells used in special applications and which is in conflict with this document, the former takes precedence (e.g., IEC 62660 series on road vehicles).
The following are some examples of applications that utilize cells and batteries under the scope of this document.
- Stationary applications: telecom, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), electrical energy storage system, utility switching, emergency power, and similar applications.
- Motive applications: forklift truck, golf cart, auto guided vehicle (AGV), railway, and marine, excluding road vehicles.
Since this document covers batteries for various industrial applications, it includes those requirements, which are common and minimum to the various applications.
Electrical safety is included only as a part of the risk analysis of Clause 8. In regard to details for addressing electrical safety, the end use application standard requirements have to be considered.
This document applies to cells and batteries. If the battery is divided into smaller units, the smaller unit can be tested as the representative of the battery. The manufacturer clearly declares the tested unit. The manufacturer may add functions, which are present in the final battery to the tested unit.