IEC TS 63001:2019
(Main)Measurement of cavitation noise in ultrasonic baths and ultrasonic reactors
Measurement of cavitation noise in ultrasonic baths and ultrasonic reactors
IEC TS 63001:2019 provides a technique of measurement and evaluation of ultrasound in liquids for use in cleaning devices and equipment. It specifies
• the cavitation measurement at 2,25 f0 in the frequency range 20 kHz to 150 kHz, and
• the cavitation measurement by extraction of broadband spectral components in the frequency range 10 kHz to 5 MHz.
IEC TS 63001:2019 covers the measurement and evaluation of the cavitation, but not its secondary effects (cleaning results, sonochemical effects, etc.).
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IEC TS 63001 ®
Edition 1.0 2019-01
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Measurement of cavitation noise in ultrasonic baths and ultrasonic reactors
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IEC TS 63001 ®
Edition 1.0 2019-01
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Measurement of cavitation noise in ultrasonic baths and ultrasonic reactors
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 17.140.01; 17.140.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-6410-2
– 2 – IEC TS 63001:2019 © IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 List of symbols . 11
5 Measurement equipment . 11
5.1 Hydrophone . 11
5.1.1 General . 11
5.1.2 Calibration of hydrophone sensitivity . 12
5.1.3 Hydrophone properties . 12
5.1.4 Hydrophone compatibility with environment . 12
5.2 Analyser . 13
5.2.1 General considerations . 13
5.2.2 Specific measurement method: transient cavitation spectrum at f =
2,25 f . 14
5.2.3 Specific measurement method: broadband transient and stable
cavitation spectra . 14
5.3 Requirements for equipment being characterized . 14
5.3.1 Temperature and chemistry compatibility with the hydrophone . 14
5.3.2 Electrical interference . 14
6 Measurement procedure . 14
6.1 Reference measurements . 14
6.1.1 Control of environmental conditions for reference measurements . 14
6.1.2 Measurement procedure for reference measurements . 15
6.2 Measurement procedures for in-situ monitoring measurements . 15
Annex A (informative) Background . 16
A.1 Cavitation in ultrasonic cleaning . 16
A.2 Practical considerations for measurements . 18
A.3 Measurement procedure in the ultrasonic bath . 19
A.4 Characterization methods that do not utilize the acoustic spectrum . 20
Annex B (normative) Cavitation measurement at 2,25 f . 21
B.1 General . 21
B.2 Measurement method . 21
Annex C (informative) Example of cavitation measurement at 2,25 f . 24
Annex D (normative) Cavitation measurement by extraction of broadband spectral
components . 25
D.1 Compensation for extraneous noise . 25
D.2 Features of the acoustic pressure spectrum . 25
D.3 Identification of the operating frequency f and direct field acoustic pressure . 26
D.3.1 Identification of the operating frequency f . 26
D.3.2 Fit to primary peak (direct field) . 26
D.3.3 Determination of RMS direct field acoustic pressure . 26
D.3.4 Validation . 26
D.4 Identification of stable and transient cavitation component . 26
D.4.1 Subtraction of direct field component of spectrum . 26
D.4.2 Determination of stable cavitation component . 26
D.4.3 Determination of transient cavitation component . 26
D.4.4 Validation . 27
Bibliography . 28
Figure A.1 – Typical setup of an ultrasonic cleaning device . 16
Figure A.2 – Spatial distribution of the acoustic pressure level in water in front of a 25
kHz transducer with reflections on all sides of the water bath (0,12 m × 0,3 m × 0,25 m) . 17
Figure A.3 – Typical Fourier spectrum for sinusoidal ultrasound excitation above the
cavitation threshold at an operating frequency of 35 kHz . 17
Figure A.4 – Sketch of cavitation structure under the water surface at an operating
frequency of 25 kHz . 18
Figure A.5 – Typical rectangular ultrasound signal with a frequency of 25 kHz and 50
Hz double half wave modulation . 19
Figure B.1 – Block diagram of the measuring method of the cavitation noise level L . 22
CN
Figure C.1 – Power dependency of the cavitation noise level L . 24
CN
Figure D.1 – Schematic representation of acoustic pressure spectrum . 25
Pf()
RMS
– 4 – IEC TS 63001:2019 © IEC 2019
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MEASUREMENT OF CAVITATION NOISE IN ULTRASONIC
BATHS AND ULTRASONIC REACTORS
FOREWORD
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Technical Specification IEC 63001 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 87:
Ultrasonics.
The text of this Technical Specification is based on the following documents:
Draft TS Report on voting
87/681/DTS 87/693A/RVDTS
Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Specification can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
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