TC 68 - Magnetic alloys and steels

IEC TR 63304:2021(E) describes the general principle and technical details of the methods of measurement of the DC magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (SCM).
This method is applicable to permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 60404-8-1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume.
There are two methods:
– the SCM-Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) method;
– the SCM-Extra...view more

IEC 60404-8-7:2020 is available as IEC 60404-8-7:2020 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60404-8-7:2020 defines the grades of cold-rolled grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet in nominal thicknesses of 0,20 mm, 0,23 mm, 0,27 mm, 0,30 mm and 0,35 mm. In particular, it gives general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technologi...view more

IEC 60404-8-5:2020(E) defines the grades of electrical steel strip and sheet with specified mechanical properties and magnetic polarization. In particular, it gives general requirements, mechanical properties, magnetic polarization, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technological characteristics, as well as inspection procedures.
This document applies to electrical steel strip and sheet intended for the construction of poles and rims of rotating electrical machines.
The grades are grou...view more

IEC 60404-7:2019 specifies a method of measurement of the coercivity of magnetic materials in an open magnetic circuit. This document is applicable to all magnetic materials with coercivities from 0,2 A/m to 160 kA/m.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:  
Clause 1: The scope includes a more detailed description of the magnetic materials which applies to this standard;
Clause 4: Figure 2 – circuit diagram for methods A and B wa...view more

IEC 60404-9:2018 specifies the measurement and test methods for the determination of the following geometrical characteristics of electrical steel strip and sheet:
– edge wave (wave factor);
– residual curvature;
– edge camber;
– deviation from the shearing line (internal stress);
– burr height.
This document applies to electrical steel strip and sheet intended for the construction of magnetic circuits and corresponding to Classes B2, C21, C22 and C23 of IEC 60404-1.
This edition includes...view more

IEC 60404-13:2018 specifies the methods used for determining the resistivity, density and stacking factor of grain-oriented and non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet. These quantities are necessary to establish the physical characteristics of the material. Moreover, the density is necessary to allow specified values of the magnetic polarization, resistivity and stacking factor to be determined.
Since these properties are functions of temperature, the measurements will be made at an amb...view more

IEC TR 63114:2018(E) describes the general principle and technical details of the reverse bend test method used for evaluating the ductility of electrical steel strip and sheet. This test method is applicable to Epstein test strip specimens obtained from non-oriented and grain-oriented electrical steel of any grade. The test specimens shall not be annealed.

IEC 60404-16:2018 is applicable to Fe-based amorphous strips specified in IEC 60404-8-11 for the measurement of AC magnetic properties at frequencies up to 400 Hz.
The object of this part is to define the general principles and technical details of the measurement of the magnetic properties of Fe-based amorphous strips by means of a single sheet tester.
The contents of the corrigendum of November 2018 have been included in this copy.

IEC 60404-8-11:2018 defines the grades of Fe-based amorphous strip delivered in the semi‑processed state, i.e. without final heat treatment, of nominal thickness 0,025 mm. Other nominal thicknesses in the range from 0,020 mm to 0,030 mm can be specified by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of enquiry and order. In particular, it gives general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technological characteristics, as well as inspe...view more

IEC 60404-8-8:2017(E) defines the grades of thin non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet in nominal thicknesses of 0,05 mm, 0,10 mm, 0,15 mm, 0,20 mm, 0,25 mm, 0,30 mm and 0,35 mm and of thin grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet in nominal thicknesses of 0,05 mm, 0,10 mm, 0,15 mm and 0,18 mm. In particular, it gives general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics and tolerances, technological characteristics, as well as inspection procedures.
NOTE For thin ...view more

IEC 60404-8-7:2017 is available as IEC 60404-8-7:2017 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60404-8-7:2017 defines the grades of cold-rolled grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet in nominal thicknesses of 0,23 mm, 0,27 mm, 0,30 mm and 0,35 mm. In particular, it gives general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technological char...view more

IEC TR 62981:2017(E), which is a Technical Report, provides the results of international exercises and comparisons focusing on achieving the knowledge of the statistical performance of single sheet tester (SST) measurements made on grain-oriented electrical steel. These experiments aim at specifying obligatory reference values, measured by the single sheet test method, for the grading of high permeability (P grades) grain-oriented (g.-o.) materials, independently from the Epstein classification ...view more

IEC 60404-8-6:2016 specifies the general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics and tolerances as well as inspection procedures for pure iron, silicon-iron, nickel-iron and cobalt-iron. The materials are in the form of bar, billet, sheet, strip or wire. The alloys covered correspond to those defined by classes A, C1, C2, E1 to E4 and F1 to F3 in IEC 60404-1. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: Removal of Ta...view more

IEC 60404-10:2016 is available as IEC 60404-10:2016 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60404-10:2016(E) is applicable to grain-oriented and non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet for measurements of a.c. magnetic properties in the frequency range 400 Hz to 10 000 Hz. The object of this document is to define the general principles and the technical details of the measur...view more

IEC 60404-1:2016 is available as IEC 60404-1:2016 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60404-1:2016 is intended to classify commercially available magnetic materials. The term "magnetic materials" denotes substances where the application requires the existence of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic properties. The classification of magnetic materials is based upon the generally reco...view more

IEC 60404-5:2015 is available as IEC 60404-5:2015 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60404-5:2015 is to define the method of measurement of the magnetic flux density, magnetic polarization and the magnetic field strength and also to determine the demagnetization curve and recoil line of permanent magnet materials. This edition includes the following significant technical chang...view more

IEC 60404-8-1:2015 specifies minimum values for the principal magnetic properties of, and dimensional tolerances for, technically important magnetically hard materials (permanent magnets). For information purposes only, this part of IEC 60404 provides values for the densities of the materials and the ranges of their chemical compositions. Some additional physical data and mechanical reference values concerning the magnetic materials are given for information and comparison purposes. This edition...view more

IEC/TR 62797:2013(E) provides the results of an international comparison of measurements of the magnetic moment, using vibrating sample magnetometers (VSM) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers. The basic object of this comparison is to verify the degree of reproducibility of the method employed as a prerequisite for the prospective development of a related IEC measuring standard.

IEC 60404-8-4:2013 defines the grades of cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet in nominal thicknesses of 0,35 mm, 0,50 mm, 0,65 mm and 1,00 mm. It specifies general requirements, the magnetic properties, geometric characteristics and tolerances, and technological characteristics, as well as the inspection procedure. This standard applies to materials supplied in the fully annealed condition intended for the construction of magnetic circuits. It does not apply to semi-processe...view more

IEC 60404-15:2012 specifies a solenoid method, a magnetic moment method, a magnetic balance method and a permeability meter method for the determination of the relative magnetic permeability of feebly magnetic materials (including austenitic stainless steel). The magnetic balance and permeability meter methods are both comparison methods calibrated using reference materials to determine the value of the relative magnetic permeability of the test specimen.

IEC 60404-11:1991+A1:1998+A2:2012 is intended to define a measurement method for the determination of the characteristics of surface insulation resistance of magnetic sheet and strip. This method is applicable to magnetic sheet and strip insulated on one or both surfaces and is suitable for manufacturing control in the application of insulation coatings. This consolidated version consists of the first edition (1991), its amendment 1 (1998) and its amendment 2 (2012). Therefore, no need to order ...view more

IEC/TR 62581:2010(E) describes the general principles and technical details of the measurement of the magnetostriction of single sheet specimens preferably 500 mm long and 100 mm wide and Epstein strip specimens, specified in IEC 60404-2, of electrical steel by means of optical sensors and accelerometers. These methods are applicable to test specimens obtained from electrical steel sheets and strips of any grade. The characteristics of magnetostriction are determined for a sinusoidal induced vol...view more

IEC 60404-3:1992+A1:2002+A2:2009 defines the general principles and the technical details of the measurement of the magnetic properties of magnetic sheets, at power frequencies, by means of a single sheet tester. This tester is applicable to flat plate specimens obtained from magnetic sheets and strips of any quality. The magnetic characterictics are determined for a sinusoidal induced voltage, for specified peak values of magnetic polarization and for a specified frequency.  This consolidated v...view more

The contents of the corrigendum of December 2009 have been included in this copy.

IEC 60404-8-10:2009 specifies the general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics and tolerances as well as inspection procedures for magnetic materials used primarily for relays. This standard applies to pure iron, non-alloyed and alloyed steel and ferritic stainless steel products usually delivered in either the semi-processed or fully-processed state. These materials correspond to classes A, B, C and D.3 of IEC 60404-1. This second edition cancels and replaces the first e...view more

IEC/TR 62517:2009(E) describes the magnetizing behaviour of permanent magnets in detail covering:
- the relationship between the applied magnetic field strength and the effectively acting internal field strength;
- the initial state prior to magnetization;
- the magnetizing behaviour of all common types of permanent magnets subdivided according to the dominant coercivity mechanisms, namely the nucleation type for sintered Ferrites, RE-Fe-B and SmCo5 magnets, the pinning type for carbon steel ...view more

IEC/TR 62518:2009(E) describes the temperature behaviour of rare earth sintered magnets in detail for use in designing magnetic circuits exposed to elevated temperatures. The temperature behaviour of SmCo5, Sm2Co17 and Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets is described. The various changes of open circuit flux which can occur due to temperature are discussed in Clause 4. The long term stability of the magnets is discussed in Clause 5. The experimental procedures are described in Clause 6. Results of the meas...view more

Describes the terminology and two measuring methods, namely: the ring method and the permeameter method. Both methods use a test specimen in a closed magnetic circuit. Description of the test equipment and the electric circuits is given. This consolidated version consists of the second edition (1995) and its amendment 1 (2000). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.

Applies to grain oriented and non-oriented electrical sheet and strip for a.c. measurements of magnetic properities at frequencies up to 400 Hz and for d.c. magnetic measurements. Defines the general principles and the technical details of the measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel sheet and strip by means of an Epstein frame. The a.c. magnetic characteristics are determined for sinusoidal induced voltages, for specified peak values of magnetic polarization and for a specifie...view more

The contents of the corrigendum of March 2018 have been included in this copy.

This technical report reviews methods for measurement of the magnetic loss of soft magnetic materials under the condition of magnetic polarization which includes higher harmonic components. Nowadays, by computer aided testing (CAT), a.c. magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets can be measured under various measuring conditions automatically. For example, the magnetic loss in the presence of higher harmonic frequency components of magnetic polarization can be measured using the arbitrary w...view more

Applies to magnetic material intended for the construction of magnetic circuits. These materials correspond respectively to classes C.21 and B.2 of IEC 60404-1: 2000. This standard defines the grades of cold-rolled electrical non-oriented non-alloyed (non alloyed steel is that steel the basic constituent of which is iron containing alloying elements in amounts smaller than the limiting values fixed by ISO 4948 1) or alloyed (alloyed steel is that steel the basic constituent of which is iron cont...view more

Reviews methods for measuring magnetically hard materials using pulsed field magnetometers. The methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of magnetically hard materials have been specified in IEC 60404-5 for closed magnetic circuits and in IEC 60404-7 for open magnetic circuits. The measurement result of the magnetic properties of magnetically hard materials at elevated temperatures is given in IEC 61807. Pulsed field magnetometers have been developed to provide rapid measurement facilit...view more

Establishes a classification of surface insulations for electrical steel sheet, strip and laminations according to their general composition, relative insulating ability and function. These surface insulations are either oxide layers or applied coatings. The purpose of this classification is to create a nomenclature for the various types of surface insulations and to assist users of surface insulations by providing general information about the chemical nature and use of the surface insulations....view more

Defines the general principles and the technical details of the measurement of the magnetic properties of magnetic sheets, at power frequencies, by means of a single sheet tester. This tester is applicable to flat plate specimens obtained from magnetic sheets and strips of any quality. The magnetic characterictics are determined for a sinusoidal induced voltage, for specified peak values of magnetic polarization and for a specified frequency. This consolidated version consists of the second edit...view more

Applicable to all ferromagnetic materials. It is particularly aimed at the measurement of the magnetic dipole moment of permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials and the measurement of the specific saturation magnetic polarization of cemented carbide materials having a ferromagnetic binder. To describe the general principles of the determination of the magnetic dipole moment of a ferromagnetic material specimen using a detection coil in an open magnetic circuit. By including a means of magn...view more

Describes the terminology and two measuring methods, namely: the ring method and the permeameter method. Both methods use a test specimen in a closed magnetic circuit. Description of the test equipment and the electric circuits is given. This consolidated version consists of the second edition (1995) and its amendment 1 (2000). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.

Provides methods for measuring magnetically hard materials, at elevated temperatures. Magnetically hard materials (permanent magnet materials) are classified in IEC 60404-1 and their properties are specified in IEC 60404-8-1. The methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of magnetically hard materials at room temperature have been specified in IEC 60404-5 for closed magnetic circuits and in IEC 60404-7 for open magnetic circuits, respectively. The applications of magnetically hard materi...view more

Defines a measurement method for the determination of the characteristics of surface insulation resistance of magnetic sheet and strip. Applicable to magnetic sheet and strip insulated on one or both surfaces and is suitable for manufacturing control in the application of insulation coatings. This consolidated version consists of the first edition (1991) and its amendment 1 (1998). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.