IEC TR 62357-200:2015

Power systems management and associated information exchange - Part 200: Guidelines for migration from Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)

IEC TR 62357-200:2015(E) applies to information exchange in power systems including, but not restricted to, substations, control centre, maintenance centre, energy management systems, synchrophasor-based grid stability systems, bulk energy generation, distributed energy generation (renewables), energy storage, load management. It addresses the issues encountered when migrating from Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). It describes migration strategies, covering impact on applications, communication stack, network nodes, configuration, address allocation, cyber security and the related management. This Technical Report considers backward compatibility and show concepts as well as necessary migration paths to IPv6 from IPv4 where necessary, for a number of protocols in the IEC 61850 framework.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-Jul-2015
• ICS: 29.035.20 - Plastics and rubber insulating materials
• ICS: 33.200 - Telecontrol. Telemetering
• Technical Committee: TC 57 - Power systems management and associated information exchange
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 23-Jul-2015
• Completion Date: 31-Oct-2015

Overview - IEC TR 62357-200:2015 (IPv4 → IPv6 migration for power systems)

IEC TR 62357-200:2015 provides guidelines for migrating power systems communications from Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). The Technical Report focuses on information exchange across power-system domains - substations, control and maintenance centres, energy management, synchrophasor systems, bulk and distributed generation (renewables), energy storage and load management. It describes migration strategies, impacts on applications and the communication stack, and necessary migration paths for IEC 61850-related protocols while considering backward compatibility.

Key technical topics and requirements

• Migration strategies and planning
  • Types of migration (dual-stack, tunneling, translation) and a recommended migration plan.
  • Timetable and procedural considerations for staged implementation.
• Addressing and configuration
  • IPv6 addressing models, IPv4/IPv6 mapping and address allocation considerations for power systems.
  • Impact on IEC 61850 addressing and representation.
• Stack and node impact
  • Effects on application layers, communication stacks, network nodes and device configuration.
  • Dual-stack device architectures and deployment patterns (including Bump-in-the-Host).
• Tunneling and translation techniques
  • Standard tunneling protocols and methods to carry IPv4 over IPv6 and vice versa.
  • Translator and Application-Level Gateway (ALG) implications for utility protocols.
• Security and management
  • Cyber security considerations and management requirements during migration.
  • Recommendations for secure transition paths and operational continuity.
• Practical scenarios and use cases
  • Substation automation scenarios, integration of IPv6-only devices into IPv4 networks, and a generation-plant migration use case.

Practical applications - who uses this standard

• Utility network engineers and architects - plan and execute IPv6 rollouts across substations and control centres.
• Device and IEC 61850 equipment manufacturers - implement IPv6-ready firmware, addressing schemes and dual-stack support.
• System integrators and consultants - design migration strategies, tunneling/translation solutions and interoperability testing.
• Cybersecurity teams - assess risks introduced by migration methods and define secure management practices.
• Standards bodies and project managers - harmonize IEC 61850 protocol evolution and backward compatibility with IPv6.

Related standards and references

• IEC 61850 family (protocols and data models for substation automation)
• RFCs and IETF standards covering IPv6, tunneling and translation mechanisms (referenced in the TR)
• Utility-specific guidance on synchrophasor (PDC) and EMS interoperability

Keywords: IEC TR 62357-200:2015, IPv6 migration, IEC 61850, power systems, substations, dual-stack, tunneling, translation, address allocation, cyber security, energy management.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC TR 62357-200 ®
Edition 1.0 2015-07
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Power systems management and associated information exchange –
Part 200: Guidelines for migration from Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) to
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)

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IEC TR 62357-200 ®
Edition 1.0 2015-07
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Power systems management and associated information exchange –

Part 200: Guidelines for migration from Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) to

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-2795-4

– 2 – IEC TR 62357-200:2015 © IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms, acronyms and conventions . 13
3.1 Terms and definitions . 13
3.2 Abbreviations . 14
3.3 Conventions . 16
3.4 Network diagram symbols . 16
4 Internet technologies . 17
4.1 Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) . 17
4.1.1 Origin . 17
4.1.2 IPv4 packet transmission over Ethernet . 17
4.1.3 IPv4 header . 18
4.1.4 IPv4 addresses . 19
4.1.5 IPv4 fragmentation and packet size . 20
4.1.6 IPv4 auxiliary protocols . 20
4.1.7 IPv4 routing . 21
4.2 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) . 21
4.2.1 IPv6 motivation . 21
4.2.2 IPv6 packets on Ethernet . 21
4.2.3 IPv6 addresses . 22
4.2.4 IPv6 auxiliary protocols . 24
4.2.5 IPv6 fragmentation and packet size . 25
4.2.6 IPv6 routing . 25
4.3 Comparison IPv4 and IPv6 . 25
4.3.1 Main differences . 25
4.3.2 IPv4 and IPv6 address classes . 25
4.3.3 Address representation in IEC 61850 . 26
5 Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 . 27
5.1 IPv6 migration necessity . 27
5.2 Migration types . 27
5.3 IPv6 migration impact on power systems communications . 28
6 Migration methods . 29
6.1 Migration principles . 29
6.2 Address mapping . 29
6.2.1 Address mapping from IPv4 to IPv6 . 29
6.2.2 General application impact of IPv6 addresses . 30
6.2.3 Address migration in IEC 61850. 30
6.3 Dual-stack devices . 32
6.3.1 General . 32
6.3.2 Standard dual-stack . 34
6.3.3 IEC 61850 stack with IPv4 and IPv6 . 35
6.3.4 Migrating applications in dual-stack by Bump-in-the Host . 35
6.3.5 Dual-stack recommendations . 36
6.4 Tunneling . 37

6.4.1 Tunneling principle . 37
6.4.2 Standardized tunneling protocols . 37
6.4.3 Tunneling IPv4 over IPv6 . 38
6.4.4 Standardized IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling protocols . 41
6.4.5 Tunneling conclusion . 42
6.5 Translation . 42
6.5.1 Translation principle . 42
6.5.2 Translation from IPv4 to IPv6 . 43
6.5.3 Translation implementation . 44
6.5.4 Standardized translators . 45
6.5.5 Translator conclusion . 45
6.6 Migration plan . 45
6.6.1 Procedure . 45
6.6.2 Security considerations . 46
7 Utility protocols based on the Internet Protocol . 46
7.1 Utility protocols on Layer 3 . 46
7.2 Layer 3 communication in IEC 61850 . 47
7.2.1 Direct Layer 3 communication . 47
7.2.2 Layer 3 communication by Network Address Translator (NAT) . 47
7.2.3 Layer 3 communication by Application-Level Gateway (proxy) . 48
7.3 IEC 61850 Layer 3 communication for Layer 2 traffic . 49
7.4 Other utility protocols . 50
7.5 Virtual Private Network and overlays . 50
8 Scenarios for substation automation . 50
8.1 Scenario overview. 50
8.2 Scenario 1: Substation-external communication over IPv6 only . 51
8.2.1 Scenario 1: Description . 51
8.2.2 Scenario 1.1: Substation to substation Layer 2 tunneling IPv4 over IPv6 . 51
8.2.3 Scenario 1.2: substation to control centre: tunneling IPv4 over IPv6 . 52
8.2.4 Scenario 1: Evaluation . 52
8.3 Scenario 2: Access from IPv6 devices through ALGs and translators . 53
8.3.1 Scenario 2.1: substation to engineering over dual-stack engineering . 53
8.3.2 Scenario 2.2 substation to control centre by ALG. 53
8.3.3 Scenario 2.3: substation to SCADA / engineering by translator/proxy . 54
8.3.4 Scenario 2: Evaluation . 55
8.4 Scenario 3: Substation partially or totally IPv6 . 55
8.4.1 Scenario 3: Description . 55
8.4.2 Scenario 3.1: substation with dual-stack devices . 55
8.4.3 Scenario 3: Evaluation . 56
8.5 Scenario 4: Intermediate devices as ALGs . 56
8.5.1 Phasor Data Concentrators (PDC) as ALGs . 56
8.5.2 XMPP servers as ALGs . 57
8.5.3 Scenario 4 evaluation . 58
8.6 Scenario 5: Integration of IPv6-only devices in a legacy IPv4 network . 58
8.6.1 IPv6-only devices communicating over an IPv4 network . 58
8.6.2 IPv6-only devices accessed from an IPv4 SCADA . 59
8.6.3 Scenario 5 evaluation . 60
9 Use Case: Generation plant- IPv4 to IPv6 migration . 60
9.1 General description . 60

– 4 – IEC TR 62357-200:2015 © IEC 2015
9.2 Legacy IPv4 addressing plan . 62
9.3 IPv6 addressing plan and coexistence . 62
9.4 Advantages . 63
9.5 Issues . 63
10 Recommendations . 63
10.1 Recommendations for manufacturers . 63
10.2 Recommendations for network engineers . 64
10.3 Recommendations for IEC standardization . 64
10.4 Timetable for implementation of the migration plan . 65
Bibliography . 66

Figure 1 – Symbols . 17
Figure 2 – Ethernet frame with IP network header . 18
Figure 3 – Mapping of IPv4 header to Ethernet frames . 19
Figure 4 – Transmission of an IPv6 packet in an Ethernet frame . 22
Figure 5 – IPv6 unicast address structure . 23
Figure 6 – IPv6 ULA address structure . 24
Figure 7 – IPv6 link local address structure . 24
Figure 8 – IPv6 evolution . 27
Figure 9 – Mapping of IPv4 to IPv6 addresses . 29
Figure 10 – Dual-Stack devices (with two and one port) . 32
Figure 11 – Dual-Stack devices in a mixed domain . 33
Figure 12 – Dual-Stack devices across routers . 34
Figure 13 – IEC 61850 stack with IPv4 and IPv6 (doubly attached) . 35
Figure 14 – Bump-in-the-host migration method . 36
Figure 15 – Tunneling principle . 37
Figure 16 – Tunneling IPv4 over IPv6 . 38
Figure 17 – Tunneling IPv4 over IPv6 and VLANs . 40
Figure 18 – Translator principle . 43
Figure 19 – Translation of IPv4 to IPv6 . 43
Figure 20 – Translation of IPv6 to IPv4 . 44
Figure 21 – Translator principle of IPv4 to IPv6 . 45
Figure 22 – Layer 3 direct connection . 47
Figure 23 – Layer 3 connection over NAT . 48
Figure 24 – Layer 3 connection via ALG . 49
Figure 25 – Layer 2 tunneling over Layer 3 WAN or other transport . 49
Figure 26 – Layer 2 frames tunneled over IPv4 in IEC TR 61850-90-5 (simplified) . 50
Figure 27 – IPv4 substation to substation over IPv6 . 52
Figure 28 – IPv4 substation to external IPv6 over tunnel . 52
Figure 29 – IPv4 substation to external IPv6 client for engineering . 53
Figure 30 – IPv4 substation to external IPv6 over gateway . 54
Figure 31 – IPv4 substation to external IPv6 over translator / proxy . 54
Figure 32 – IPv4 substation with dual-stack devices . 55
Figure 33 – PDCs as ALGs . 57

Figure 34 – Translation by XMPP servers . 58
Figure 35 – IPv6-only sensors connected to legacy IPv4 network . 59
Figure 36 – IPv6-only sensors connected to legacy IPv4 network . 60
Figure 37 – Generation system telecontrol overview . 61

Table 1 – Differences between IPv4 and IPv6 . 25
Table 2 – IPv6 vs IPv4 addresses (RFC 4291) . 26
Table 3 – Dual-stack comparison . 35
Table 4 – IPv4 over IPv6 tunnels . 41
Table 5 – IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels . 42

– 6 – IEC TR 62357-200:2015 © IEC 2015
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
POWER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND
ASSOCIATED INFORMATION EXCHANGE –

Part 200: Guidelines for migration from Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)

FOREWORD
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example "state of the art".
IEC TR 62357-200, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical
committee 57: Power systems management and associated information exchange.

The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
57/1563/DTR 57/1580/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62357 series, published under the general title Power systems
management and associated information exchange, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 8 – IEC TR 62357-200:2015 © IEC 2015
INTRODUCTION
This Technical Report provides definitions, guidelines, and recommendations for migration of
data communication protocols which are today using the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) to
the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).
This Technical Report addresses data communication for power systems at all voltage levels,
from transmission level down to the low voltage. It is in addition useful for any other
application domain which specifies the use of IP transport.
This Technical Report starts with a tutorial on the aspects of IPv4 and IPv6 technologies that
are relevant for the migration.
This Technical Report addresses issues such as motivation for migration, migration strategies
in general and specific application in power systems communications.
This Technical Report contains recommendations for the device manufacturers, network
engineers and for standardization bodies.
This Technical Report defines a time table for the standard bodies defining data
communication in power systems, as follows:
• All new or revised IEC documents support IPv6 as an option for projects that mandate it,
starting in 2015.
• All IEC documents request both IPv6 and IPv4 support, while use is not mandatory, until
2030.
• All IEC documents consider IPv4 as deprecated after 2050.

POWER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND
ASSOCIATED INFORMATION EXCHANGE –

Part 200: Guidelines for migration from Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62357, which is a Technical Report, applies to information exchange in power
systems including, but not restricted to, substations, control centre, maintenance centre,
energy management systems, synchrophasor-based grid stability systems, bulk energy
generation (including fossil fuel plants), distributed energy generation (renewables, wind and
solar), energy storage, load management (demand side management and demand response
for distribution level consumers or producers).
This Technical Report addresses the issues encountered when migrating from Internet
Protocol version 4 (IPv4) to the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). It describes migration
strategies, covering impact on applications, communication stack, network nodes,
configuration, address allocation, cyber security and the related management.
This Technical Report considers backward compatibility and show concepts as well as
necessary migration paths to IPv6 from IPv4 where necessary, for a number of protocols in
the IEC 61850 framework.
Following a review of IEC standards and technical reports according to the reference
architecture for power system information exchange (IEC 62357-1), this Technical Report
supports modifications caused by the introduction of IPv6 for revision of these documents,
considering the impact of permitting or requiring IPv6.
This Technical Report does not impose the use of the IPv6 technology in utility
communications.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050 (all parts), International electrotechnical vocabulary (available at:
)
IEC 60870-5-104, Telecontrol equipment and systems – Part 5-104: Transmission protocols –
Network access for IEC 60870-5-101 using standard transport profiles
IEC 61588:2009, Precision clock synchronization protocol for networked measurement and
control systems
IEC 61850-6:2009, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation – Part
6: Configuration description language for communication in electrical substations related to
IEDs
– 10 – IEC TR 62357-200:2015 © IEC 2015
IEC 61850-8-1:2011, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation –
Part 8-1: Specific communication service mapping (SCSM) – Mappings to MMS (ISO 9506-1
and ISO 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3
IEC 61850-9-2:2011, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation –
Part 9-2: Specific communication service mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over ISO/IEC
8802-3
IEC TR 61850-90-1:2010, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation
– Part 90-1: Use of IEC 61850 for the communication between substations
IEC TR 61850-90-2, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation –
Part 90-2: Using IEC 61850 for the communication between substations and control centres
IEC TR 61850-90-4, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation –
Part 90-4: Network engineering guidelines
IEC TR 61850-90-5, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation –
Part 90-5: Use of IEC 61850 to transmit synchrophasor information according to IEEE
C37.118
IEC TR 61850-90-12, Communication networks and systems for power utility automation –
Part 90-12: Wide area network engineering guidelines
IEC 62351 (all parts), Power systems management and associated information exchange –
Data and communications security
ISO 9506-1, Industrial automation systems – Manufacturing message specification – Part 1:
Service definition
ISO 9506-2, Industrial automation systems – Manufacturing message specification – Part 2:
Protocol Specification
IEEE 802.1Q, IEEE standards for local and metropolitan area network; Virtual bridged local
area networks (VLANs and priorities)
IEEE 1815, IEEE Standard for Electric Power – Systems Communications – Distributed
Network Protocol (DNP3)
RFC 0768, User Datagram Protocol
RFC 0791, Internet Protocol (IPv4)
RFC 0792, Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
RFC 0793, Transmission Control Protocol, Protocol Specification
RFC 0826, An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol
RFC 0894, A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Ethernet Networks
RFC 0959, File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
___________
To be published.
RFC 1142, OSI IS-IS Intra-domain Routing Protocol", February 1990
RFC 1191, Path MTU Discovery
RFC 1240, OSI Connectionless Transport Services on top of UDP Version 1
RFC 1305, Network Time Protocol (Version 3)
RFC 1918, Address Allocation for Private Internet
RFC 1981, Path MTU Discovery for IP version 6
RFC 2131, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv4)
RFC 2147, TCP and UDP over IPv6 Jumbograms
RFC 2401, IPsec
RFC 2328, OSPF Version 2
RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification
RFC 2464, Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks
RFC 2473, Generic Packet Tunneling in IPv6 Specification
RFC 2529, Transmission of IPv6 over IPv4 Domains without Explicit Tunnels
RFC 2663, IP Network Address Translator (NAT) Terminology and Considerations
RFC 2766, Network Address Translation – Protocol Translation (NAT-PT)
RFC 3022, Traditional IP Network Address Translator (Traditional NAT)
RFC 3056, Connection of IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds (6to4)
RFC 3315, DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)
RFC 3416, Version 2 of the Protocol Operations for the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP)
RFC 3931, IETF Network Working Group, Layer Two Tunneling Protocol – Version 3 (L2TPv3)
RFC 4038, Application Aspects of IPv6 Transition
RFC 4193, Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses
RFC 4213, Basic Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers
RFC 4291, IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture
RFC 4302, IP Authentication Header
RFC 4303, IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)

– 12 – IEC TR 62357-200:2015 © IEC 2015
RFC 4380, Teredo: Tunneling IPv6 over UDP through Network Address Translators (NATs)
RFC 4443, Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6
(IPv6) Specification
RFC 4459, MTU and Fragmentation Issues with In-the-Network Tunneling
RFC 4554, Use of VLANs for IPv4-IPv6 Coexistence in Enterprise Networks
RFC 4632, Classless Inter-domain Routing (CIDR): The Internet Address Assignment and
Aggregation Plan
RFC 4861, Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)
RFC 4919, IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs)
RFC 4944, Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks
RFC 4966, Reasons to Move the Network Address Translator – Protocol Translator (NAT-PT)
to Historic Status
RFC 5214, Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)
RFC 5569, IPv6 Rapid Deployment on IPv4 Infrastructures (6rd)
RFC 5641, Layer Two Tunneling Protocol – Version 3 (L2TPv3) Extended Circuit Status
Values
RFC 5771, IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments
RFC 5905, Network Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms Specification
RFC 5942, IPv6 Subnet Model: The Relationship between Links and Subnet Prefixes
RFC 5952, A Recommendation for IPv6 Address Text Representation
RFC 5991, Teredo Security Updates (Updates RFC 4380)
RFC 6052, IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators
RFC 6081, Teredo Extensions
RFC 6144, Framework for IPv4/IPv6 Translation (NATs after RFC 4966)
RFC 6145, IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm
RFC 6146, Stateful NAT64: Network Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6 Clients to
IPv4 Servers
RFC 6282, Compression Format for IPv6 Datagrams over IEEE 802.15.4-Based Networks
RFC 6333, Dual-Stack Lite Broadband Deployments Following IPv4 Exhaustion
RFC 6535, Dual-Stack Hosts using the “Bump-in-the-Host” Technique (BIH)

RFC 6550, IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks
RFC 6775, Neighbor Discovery Optimization for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area
Networks (6LoWPANs)
RFC 6864, Updated Specification of the IPv4 ID Field
RFC 7059, A comparison of IPv6-over-IPv4 Tunnel Mechanisms.
RFC 7230, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms, acronyms and conventions
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-191, as well
as the following, apply.
3.1.1
application-level gateway
network device that converts the application payload received over a first protocol into an
application payload over a second protocol, using application knowledge of the transmitted
information
3.1.2
bridge
network device that connects network segments at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI
model
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10038, ANSI/IEEE 802.1D – 2004]
3.1.3
decapsulation
extraction of the data elements belonging to a first network protocol from a second network
protocol used to transport the first protocol
3.1.4
DHCP server
network server that assigns an IP address to a host for a given period of time (lease)
3.1.5
domain name server
DNS
network server that resolves the IP address given the unique resource location (URL) of a
communication partner
3.1.6
encapsulation
embedding of the data elements belonging to a first network protocol into a second network
protocol that is used to transport it
3.1.7
host
network node aware of the IP protocol

– 14 – IEC TR 62357-200:2015 © IEC 2015
3.1.8
public address
globally administrated, unique address
3.1.9
private address
locally administrated address that can be reused in another, separate network
3.1.10
router
network device that connects network segments at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI
model
3.1.11
translation
process of converting a first protocol into a second protocol such that both partners are
unaware of the other protocol
3.1.12
translator
device that translates the packets from one protocol into another protocol without using
additional information from the communicating partners
3.1.13
transport-level gateway
network device that converts the payload received over a first protocol into a second protocol,
using transport knowledge of the transmitted information
3.1.14
tunneling
transport of packet between two entities using a first protocol over a second protocol.
3.1.15
tunneler
device at each end of a tunnel that encapsulates /decapsulates the packets
3.2 Abbreviations
6LoWPAN IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network (RFC 4919)
A-record 32-bit IPv4 address record from DNS
AAAA 128-bit IPv6 address record from DNS
ALG Application-Level Gateway
API Application Programming Interface
AH Authentication Header (RFC 4302)
ARP Address Resolution Protocol (RFC 0826)
AS Autonomous System
BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
BGP Border Gateway Protocol (successor of EGP in Internet)
BIH Bump In the Host (RFC 6535)
CIDR Classless Inter-domain Routing (RFC 4632)
CPE Customer Premise Equipment (any terminal in the subscriber location)
DER Distributed Energy and Renewable energy
DF Don’t Fragment bit (IPv4)
DMZ DeMilitarized Zone
DNP3 Distributed Network Protocol version 3 (IEEE 1815)
DNS Domain Name Server
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHCPv4 DHCP version 4 (RFC 2131)
DHCPv6 DHCP version 6 (RFC 3315)
ESP Encapsulating Security Payload (RFC 4303)
EUI-64 Extended Unique Identifier (IEEE Registration Authority)
FTP File Transfer Protocol (RFC 0959)
GOOSE Generic Object Oriented Substation Events (IEC 61850-8-1)
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) (RFC 7230)
HSR High-availability Seamless Redundancy (IEC 62439-3)
IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol (RFC 0792)
ICMPv4 ICMP version 4 (RFC 0792)
ICMPv6 ICMP version 6 (RFC 4443)
ID IDentification
IGP Interior Gateway Protocol
IED Intelligent Electronic Device (IEC 61850)
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IP Internet Protocol (RFC 0791)
IPv4 Internet Protocol Version 4 (RFC 0791)
IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6 (RFC 2460)
IPsec Internet Protocol network layer security (RFC 2401)
IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System (RFC 1142, ISO/OSI 8473)
ISP Internet Services Provider
LAN Local Area Network
L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (RFC 3931)
LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol (IEEE 802.1AB)
MAC Medium Access Control (IEEE 802.1)
MF More Fragment (IPv4)
MMS Manufacturing Messaging Specification (ISO 9506)
MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching
MTU Maximum Transmission Unit (RFC 0791, RFC 2460)
NAT Network Address Translation (RFC 3022)
NDP Neighbor Discover Protocol (RFC 4861)
NERC North-american Electricity Reliability Corporation (USA)
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA)
NPDU Network Protocol Data Unit (ISO/OSI)
NTP Network Timing Protocol (RFC 1305)
OMB Office of Management and Budget (USA)
OSI Open Systems Interconnection (ISO)
OSPF Open Shortest Path First (RFC 2328)

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OSPFv4 OSPF version 4 (RFC 2328)
OSPFv6 OSPF version 4 (RFC 5340)
PDU Protocol Data Unit (ISO/OSI)
PRP Parallel Redundancy Protocol (IEC 62439-3)
PTP Precision Time Protocol (IEC 61588)
RIR Regional Internet Registry
RPL Routing Protocol for Low-power and lossy networks (RFC 6550)
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
SCD System Configuration Description (IEC 61850-6)
SCL System Configuration Language (IEC 61850-6)
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (ITU-T)
SED System Exchange Description (IEC 61850-6)
SIIT Stateless IP/ICMP Translation algorithm (RFC 6145)
SLAAC StateLess Address AutoConfiguration (RFC 4862)
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (RFC 3416)
SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol (RFC 5905)
SONET Synchronous Optical NETwork
SMV Sampled Measurement Values (IEC 61850)
TCP Transmission Control Protocol (RFC 0793)
UDP User Datagram Protocol (RFC 0768)
ULA Unique Local unicast Address (IPv6)
URL Uniform Resource Locator (RFC 3986)
USGv6 United States Government internet protocol version 6 initiative (NIST)
VID VLAN ID (IEEE 802.1Q)
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network (IEEE 802.1Q)
VLL Virtual Leased Line
VPN Virtual Private Network
WAN Wide Area Network
XML eXtended Markup Language
XMPP eXtensible Message and Presence Protocol (RFC 3921)
3.3 Conventions
3.4 Network diagram symbols
This Technical Report uses the symbols shown in Figure 1 in an effort to provide
diagrammatic consistency. Combinations of these symbols create symbols that are more
complex.
IEC
Figure 1 – Symbols
4 Internet technologies
NOTE This Clause has been copied from IEC TR 61850-90-12, to provide a self-contained document. It will not be
maintained in future versions of this document.
4.1 Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4)
4.1.1 Origin
The Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) (RFC 0791) has been the base for the Internet since
1980 and is still the most widely used network protocol in 2015. Its main characteristics are:
• IPv4 is connectionless, i.e. routers retain no knowledge of previous messages;
• IPv4 operates with 32-bit network source and destination address;
• IPv4 is supported by a suite of routing protocols.
4.1.2 IPv4 packet transmission over Ethernet
RFC 0894 defines the transmission of IPv4 packets in Ethernet frames. The Layer 3 header
comes just after the Layer 2 header (see Figure 2).

– 18 – IEC TR 62357-200:2015 © IEC 2015

IEC
Figure 2 – Ethernet frame with IP network header
NOTE GOOSE and SMV frames do not carry a network header within a substation, but often an IEEE 802.1Q tag.
4.1.3 IPv4 header
The IPv4 network header carries the two 32-bit IP addresses and a protocol type indicating
which kind of payload
...