ISO TS 80004-2:2015

Nanotechnologies - Vocabulary - Part 2: Nano-objects

ISO/TS 80004-2:2015 lists terms and definitions related to particles in the field of nanotechnologies.

Nanotechnologies - Vocabulaire - Partie 2: Nano-objets

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 03-Jun-2015
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 01.040.07 - Natural and applied sciences (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 07.030 - Physics. Chemistry
• Technical Committee: TC 113 - Nanotechnology for electrotechnical products and systems
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 01-Jun-2015
• Completion Date: 01-Jun-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 80004-2
First edition
2015-06-01
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary —
Part 2:
Nano-objects
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulaire —
Partie 2: Nano-objets
Reference number
ISO/TS 80004-2:2015(E)
ISO 2015
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ISO/TS 80004-2:2015(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland

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ISO/TS 80004-2:2015(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Core terms related to particles .............................................................................................................................................................. 1

3 Terms concerning particles and assemblies of particles ........................................................................................... 1

4 Terms specific to nano-objects .............................................................................................................................................................. 2

Annex A (informative) Particle size measurement .............................................................................................................................. 5

Annex B (informative) Agglomerates, aggregates, and constituent particles ............................................................8

Annex C (informative) Index ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................10

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ISO/TS 80004-2:2015(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity

assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers

to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information

The committees responsible for this document are ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies and Technical

Committee IEC/TC 113, Nanotechnology standardization for electrical and electronic products and systems.

The draft was circulated for voting to the national bodies of both ISO and IEC.

This first edition of ISO/TS 80004-2 cancels and replaces ISO/TS 27687:2008, which has been

technically revised.

Documents in the 80000 to 89999 range of reference numbers are developed by collaboration

between ISO and IEC.

ISO/TS 80004 consists of the following parts, under the general title Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary:

— Part 1: Core terms
— Part 2: Nano-objects
— Part 3: Carbon nano-objects
— Part 4: Nanostructured materials
— Part 5: Nano/bio interface
— Part 6: Nano-object characterization
— Part 7: Diagnostics and therapeutics for healthcare
— Part 8: Nanomanufacturing processes
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 9: Nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems
— Part 10: Nano-enabled photonic components and systems
— Part 11: Nanolayer, nanocoating, nanofilm, and related terms
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ISO/TS 80004-2:2015(E)
— Part 12: Quantum phenomena in nanotechnology
— Part 13: Graphene and other two-dimensional materials
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ISO/TS 80004-2:2015(E)
Introduction

It is predicted that applications of nanotechnologies may pervade all areas of life. In the areas of

communication, health, manufacturing, materials and knowledge-based technologies, there is a need to

provide industry and research with standardized vocabulary and nomenclature to aid the responsible

development and application of the technologies. It is also essential that regulators such as health and

environmental protection agencies have reliable measurement systems supported by well-founded and

robust standards.

Often in the field of nanotechnologies, naming of materials seen on microscopic images is inspired by the

shape of objects found in everyday life, although the physical size is much smaller. The prefix nano- is

often added to denote the small size of the object. (The prefix nano- is also used in SI units to indicate

−9 −9

10 e.g. 1 nanometre = 10 metre.). Thus, the term “nanoscale” (2.1) has been defined to denote the

length interval approximately from 1 nm to 100 nm.

To create a unitary vocabulary, this part of ISO 80004 encompasses terms used concerning particles

with nanoscale dimensions. The terms in this part of ISO 80004 form part of a larger hierarchy of

terms under development for nanotechnologies. These terms are intended to facilitate communications

between organizations and individuals in industry and those who interact with them.

Objects with one or more external dimensions in the nanoscale can have properties that make them

key components of materials and systems resulting in improved performance over their conventional

counterparts. These nano-objects (2.2) often have properties that are not simple extrapolations of

the properties of their larger form, with these novel properties called emerging, discontinuous or

transformative properties.

The size and shape of nano-objects are often intrinsic to their function, so the description and

measurement of their size and shape are important and must be considered carefully. The three most

basic shapes referred to in this part of ISO 80004 are illustrated in Figure 1. These three simple shapes

represent the main classes of structural dimensionality to help categorize nano-objects. Some other

common shapes are defined in this part of ISO 80004, but a large number of different shapes are possible.

A number of other parameters in addition to size and shape are also intrinsic to the function and phenomena

exhibited by nano-objects. These parameters include composition, morphology, crystalline structure, and

surface features, which can all have a major influence on the key nanoscale phenomena exhibited by nano-

objects. Such phenomena include magnetic, optical, catalytic, electronic, and other properties.

a) nanoparticle b) nanofibre c) nanoplate
(3 ext. dimensions (2 ext. dimensions (1 ext. dimensions
in the nanoscale) in the nanoscale) in the nanoscale)
Figure 1 — Schematic diagrams showing some shapes for nano-objects

A particular issue concerns nano-objects where one or more external dimensions are larger than the

nanoscale. Potential confusion can occur when one of these dimensions greatly exceeds the nanoscale.

For example, carbon nanotubes can have overall lengths in the millimetre range and are still nano-

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ISO/TS 80004-2:2015(E)

objects according to the definitions in this part of ISO 80004. An example of an approach to this issue

is to consider the size or shape at which the health risk from inhalation or other potential routes of

exposure to nano-objects becomes small as an upper size limit for nano-objects.

It is acknowledged that a wide variety of approaches to definitions and classifications are applicable

to particulate material and some of these regimes may also be relevant to nano-objects. Industrial,

regulatory, and scientific domains often use terms such as coarse, fine and ultrafine to denote different

size range fractions of particles (3.1). Thus for airborne particles, ultrafine particles, specified as PM0.1

(PM means “particulate matter”), refer to particles with aerodynamic diameters of 100 nm or less. Fine

particles (PM2.5) refer to particles with aerodynamic diameters of 2,5 µm or less and coarse particles

(PM10) refer to those with aerodynamic diameters of 10 µm or less. These size range fractions are used

by regulators for risk assessment purposes in many contexts, including traffic pollution, volcanic ash,

dust storms, industrial pollution and natural airborne allergens such as pollen.

In this Technical Specification, nano-objects are defined according to their shape as determined

by nanoscale dimensionality. In addition, some types of nano-objects are also defined according to

structural configuration, morphology, form or functionality. It is beyond the scope of this Technical

Specification to consider or recommend specific size, size distribution, or related thresholds for nano-

objects, particularly given the wide variability in size, shape, morphology, composition, and surface

features of nano-objects, with each combination potentially presenting differing implications for

assessments of risk or safety to health or the environment.

There is a hierarchical relationship between many of the different terms in this part of ISO 80004.

Elements of this are shown in Figure 2 to illustrate some of the relationships that exist.

Figure 2 — Fragment of hierarchy of terms related to nano-objects
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 80004-2:2015(E)
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary —
Part 2:
Nano-objects
1 Scope

This Technical Specification lists terms and definitions related to particles in the field of nanotechnologies.

2 Core terms related to particles
2.1
nanoscale
length range approximately from 1 nm to 100 nm

Note 1 to entry: Properties that are not extrapolations from a larger size are predominantly exhibited in this

length range.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, 2.1]
2.2
nano-object

discrete piece of material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale (2.1)

Note 1 to entry: The second and third external dimensions are orthogonal to the first dimension and to each other.

[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-1:2010, 2.2]
3 Terms concerning particles and assemblies of particles

Nano-objects [for example nanoparticles, nanofibres, and nanoplates, (see Clause 4)], often occur in

(large) groups, rather than as isolated or distinct entities. For reasons of surface energy, such coexisting

nano-objects are likely to interact. In the description of these interactions, the following terms are often

used. The following terms are not restricted with respect to physical size and shape. These terms are

included for completeness and importance at the nanoscale.
3.1
particle
minute piece of matter with defined physical boundaries
Note 1 to entry: A physical boundary can also be described as an interface.
Note 2 to entry: A particle can move as a unit.
Note 3 to entry: This general particle definition applies to nano-objects (2.2).
[SOURCE: ISO 26824:2013, 1.1]
3.2
primary particle

original source particle (3.1) of agglomerates (3.4) or aggregates (3.5) or mixtures of the two

Note 1 to entry: Constituent particles (3.3) of agglomerates or aggregates at a certain actual state may be primary

particles, but often the constituents are aggregates.
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Note 2 to entry: Agglomerates and aggregates are also termed secondary particles.

[SOURCE: ISO 26824:2013, 1.4]
3.3
constituent particle
identifiable, integral component of a larger particle (3.1).

Note 1 to entry: The constituent particle structures may be primary particles (3.2) or secondary particles.

3.4
agglomerate

collection of weakly or medium strongly bound particles (3.1) where the resulting external surface area

is similar to the s
...