CISPR TR 16-4-3:2004
(Main)Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 4-3: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling - Statistical considerations in the determination of EMC compliance of mass-produced products
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 4-3: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling - Statistical considerations in the determination of EMC compliance of mass-produced products
This Technical Report deals with statistical considerations in the determination of EMC compliance of mass-produced products. The reasons for such statistical considerations are: a) that the abatement of interference aims that the majority of the appliances to be approved shall not cause interference; b) that the CISPR limits should be suitable for the purpose of type approval of mass-produced appliances as well as approval of single-produced appliances; c) that to ensure compliance of mass-produced appliances with the CISPR limits, statistical techniques have to be applied; d) that it is important for international trade that the limits shall be interpreted in the same way in every country; e) that the National Committees of the IEC which collaborate in the work of the CISPR should seek to secure the agreement of the competent authorities in their countries. Therefore, this part of CISPR 16 specifies requirements and provides guidance based on statistical techniques. EMC compliance of mass-produced appliances should be based on the application of statistical techniques that must reassure the consumer, with an 80 % degree of confidence, that 80 % of the appliances of a type being investigated comply with the emission or immunity requirements.
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TECHNICAL CISPR
REPORT 16-4-3
Second edition
2004-05
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and
immunity measuring apparatus and methods –
Part 4-3:
Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Statistical considerations in the determination
of EMC compliance of mass-produced products
Reference number
CISPR 16-4-3/TR:2004(E)
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TECHNICAL CISPR
REPORT 16-4-3
Second edition
2004-05
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and
immunity measuring apparatus and methods –
Part 4-3:
Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Statistical considerations in the determination
of EMC compliance of mass-produced products
IEC 2004 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
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– 2 – TR CISPR 16-4-3 IEC:2004(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.3
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references.5
3 Terms, definitions and symbols .6
4 General requirements.6
4.1 Limits.6
4.2 Type testing approaches .6
5 Emission measurements.6
5.1 Test based on the non-central t-distribution.6
5.2 Test based on the binomial distribution .9
5.3 Test based on an additional acceptance limit .9
5.4 Additional sampling in case of non-compliance.10
5.5 Properties of the different methods that can be used .11
5.6 Compliance criteria and measurement instrumentation uncertainty.11
6 Immunity tests.12
6.1 Application of the CISPR 80 %/80 % rule to immunity tests .12
6.2 Application guidelines.12
Annex A (informative) Statistical considerations in the determination of limits of radio
interference .14
Annex B (informative) An analytical assessment of statistical parameters of radio
disturbance in the case of an incompletely defined sample .22
Annex C (informative) Test based on an additional acceptance limit .27
TR CISPR 16-4-3 IEC:2004(E) – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE
AND IMMUNITY MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 4-3: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Statistical considerations in the determination
of EMC compliance of mass-produced products
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
CISPR 16-4-3, which is a technical report, has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A:
Radio interference measurements and statistical methods.
This second edition of CISPR 16-4-3 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003
and constitutes a technical revision. It includes a new mathematical approach for the
application of the 80%/80% rule, based on a method involving an additional acceptance limit.
The mathematical basis for this new method is also provided. Furthermore, an additional test
approach, based on the non-central t-distribution and using frequency sub-ranges has been
added as well, along with a description of the properties of all methods which are available at
this point in time.
– 4 – TR CISPR 16-4-3 IEC:2004(E)
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
CISPR/A/491/DTR CISPR/A/507/RVC
CISPR/A/492/DTR CISPR/A/508/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2006. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
TR CISPR 16-4-3 IEC:2004(E) – 5 –
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE
AND IMMUNITY MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 4-3: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Statistical considerations in the determination
of EMC compliance of mass-produced products
1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16 deals with statistical considerations in the determination of EMC
compliance of mass-produced products.
The reasons for such statistical considerations are:
a) that the abatement of interference aims that the majority of the appliances to be approved
shall not cause interference;
b) that the CISPR limits should be suitable for the purpose of type approval of mass-
produced appliances as well as approval of single-produced appliances;
c) that to ensure compliance of mass-produced appliances with the CISPR limits, statistical
techniques have to be applied;
d) that it is important for international trade that the limits shall be interpreted in the same
way in every country;
e) that the National Committees of the IEC which collaborate in the work of the CISPR should
seek to secure the agreement of the competent authorities in their countries.
Therefore, this part of CISPR 16 specifies requirements and provides guidance based on
statistical techniques. EMC compliance of mass-produced appliances should be based on the
application of statistical techniques that must reassure the consumer, with an 80 % degree of
confidence, that 80 % of the appliances of a type being investigated comply with the emission
or immunity requirements. Clause 4 gives some general requirements for this so-called
80 %/80 % rule. Clause 5 gives more specific requirements for the application of the
80 %/80 % rule to emission tests. Clause 6 gives guidance on the application of the CISPR
80 %/80 % rule to immunity tests. The 80 %/80 % rule protects the consumer from non-
compliant appliances, but it says hardly anything about the probability that a batch of
appliances from which the sample has been taken will be accepted. This acceptance
probability is very important to the manufacturer. In Annex A, more information is given on
acceptance probability (manufacturer’s risk).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-161:1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 161:
Electromagnetic compatibility
Amendment 1 (1997)
Amendment 2 (1998)
CISPR 16-4-2, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Uncertainty in EMC
measurements
– 6 – TR CISPR 16-4-3 IEC:2004(E)
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
For the purpose of this document, the terms, definitions and symbols given in IEC 60050-161
apply.
4 General requirements
The following interpretation of CISPR limits and of methods of statistical sampling for
compliance of mass-produced appliances with these limits should be applied.
4.1 Limits
4.1.1 A CISPR limit is a limit that is recommended to national authorities for incorporation in
national standards, relevant legal regulations and official specifications. It is also
recommended that international organizations use these limits.
4.1.2 The significance of th
...
CISPR TR 16-4-3 ®
Edition 2.1 2007-01
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-3: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Statistical considerations
in the determination of EMC compliance of mass-produced products
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
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CISPR TR 16-4-3 ®
Edition 2.1 2007-01
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-3: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Statistical considerations
in the determination of EMC compliance of mass-produced products
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 2-8318-8915-4
– 2 – TR CISPR 16-4-3 © IEC:2004
+A1:2006(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.3
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references.5
3 Terms, definitions and symbols .6
4 General requirements .6
4.1 Limits.6
4.2 Type testing approaches .6
5 Emission measurements.6
5.1 Test based on the non-central t-distribution.6
5.2 Test based on the binomial distribution .9
5.3 Test based on an additional acceptance limit .9
5.4 Additional sampling in case of non-compliance.10
5.5 Properties of the different methods that can be used .11
5.6 Compliance criteria and measurement instrumentation uncertainty.12
6 Immunity tests.12
6.1 Application of the CISPR 80 %/80 % rule to immunity tests .12
6.2 Application guidelines.12
Annex A (informative) Statistical considerations in the determination of limits of radio
interference .14
Annex B (informative) An analytical assessment of statistical parameters of radio
disturbance in the case of an incompletely defined sample .22
Annex C (informative) Test based on an additional acceptance limit .27
Annex D (informative) Estimation of the acceptance probability of a sample .31
Bibliography.36
TR CISPR 16-4-3 © IEC:2004 – 3 –
+A1:2006(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE
AND IMMUNITY MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 4-3: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Statistical considerations in the determination
of EMC compliance of mass-produced products
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and its amendment has been
prepared for user convenience.
CISPR 16-4-3 edition 2.1 contains the second edition (2004) [documents CISPR/A/491/
DTR and CISPR/A/492/DTR and CISPR/A/507/RVC and CISPR/A/508/RVC] and its
amendment 1 (2006) [documents CISPR/A/666/DTR and CISPR/A/691/RVC].
A vertical line in the margin shows where the base publication has been modified by
amendment 1.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard,
for example "state of the art".
– 4 – TR CISPR 16-4-3 © IEC:2004
+A1:2006(E)
CISPR 16-4-3, which is a technical report, has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A:
Radio interference measurements and statistical methods.
This second edition of CISPR 16-4-3 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003
and constitutes a technical revision. It includes a new mathematical approach for the
application of the 80%/80% rule, based on a method involving an additional acceptance limit.
The mathematical basis for this new method is also provided. Furthermore, an additional test
approach, based on the non-central t distribution and using frequency sub-ranges has been
added as well, along with a description of the properties of all methods which are available at
this point in time.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site
under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this
date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
TR CISPR 16-4-3 © IEC:2004 – 5 –
+A1:2006(E)
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE
AND IMMUNITY MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 4-3: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Statistical considerations in the determination
of EMC compliance of mass-produced products
1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16 deals with statistical considerations in the determination of EMC
compliance of mass-produced products.
The reasons for such statistical considerations are:
a) that the abatement of interference aims that the majority of the appliances to be approved
shall not cause interference;
b) that the CISPR limits should be suitable for the purpose of type approval of mass-
produced appliances as well as approval of single-produced appliances;
c) that to ensure compliance of mass-produced appliances with the CISPR limits, statistical
techniques have to be applied;
d) that it is important for international trade that the limits shall be interpreted in the same
way in every country;
e) that the National Committees of the IEC which collaborate in the work of the CISPR should
seek to secure the agreement of the competent authorities in their countries.
Therefore, this part of CISPR 16 specifies requirements and provides guidance based on
statistical techniques. EMC compliance of mass-produced appliances should be based on the
application of statistical techniques that must reassure the consumer, with an 80 % degree of
confidence, that 80 % of the appliances of a type being investigated comply with the emission
or immunity requirements. Clause 4 gives some general requirements for this so-called
80 %/80 % rule. Clause 5 gives more specific requirements for the application of the
80 %/80 % rule to emission tests. Clause 6 gives guidance on the application of the CISPR
80 %/80 % rule to immunity tests. The 80 %/80 % rule protects the consumer from non-
compliant appliances, but it says hardly anything about the probability that a batch of
appliances from which the sample has been taken will be accepted. This acceptance
probability is very important to the manufacturer. In Annex A, more information is given on
acceptance probability (manufacturer’s risk).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies
...
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