ISO 3009:2003

Fire-resistance tests - Elements of building construction - Glazed elements

ISO 3009:2003 provides a test method for determining and assessing the fire resistance performance of both insulated and uninsulated glazed elements of building construction, when those elements are exposed to heating on one face. It is applicable to glazed separating elements such as screens, walls of glass blocks and other light-transmitting assemblies used in vertical, inclined or horizontal orientations, and to all separating elements containing glazing intended to be assessed in accordance with ISO 834-1, except for doors and shutter assemblies, which are intended to be tested in accordance with ISO 3008. It is directly applicable to planar elements, but also gives guidance on the testing of non-planar elements such as pyramids.

Essais de résistance au feu — Éléments de construction — Éléments en verre

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 27-Oct-2003
• ICS: 13.220.50 - Fire-resistance of building materials and elements
• ICS: 81.040.20 - Glass in building
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 92/SC 2 - Fire containment
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 92/SC 2/WG 3 - Fire resistance tests for doors, shutters and glazed elements
• Current Stage: 9060 - Close of review
• Completion Date: 04-Mar-2030

Relations

• Consolidated By: ISO 4074:2014 - Natural rubber latex male condoms - Requirements and test methods
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Revises: ISO 3009:1976/Amd 1:1984 - Fire-resistance tests - Glazed elements - Amendment 1
• Effective Date: 18-Dec-2008
• Revises: ISO 3009:1976 - Fire-resistance tests - Glazed elements
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Overview

ISO 3009:2003 - Fire-resistance tests - Elements of building construction - Glazed elements defines a standardized test method for assessing the fire-resistance performance of insulated and uninsulated glazed elements when exposed to heating on one face. It covers glazed separating elements (screens, glass-block walls, light-transmitting assemblies) in vertical, inclined or horizontal orientations and gives guidance for both planar and some non‑planar forms (e.g., pyramids). Doors and shutters are excluded (see ISO 3008).

Keywords: ISO 3009:2003, fire-resistance tests, glazed elements, fire-resistant glazing, insulated glazing, building construction.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and applicability
  • Applies to glazed separating elements intended to be assessed in conjunction with ISO 834-1 (general fire-resistance tests).
  • Excludes door/shutter assemblies (ISO 3008).
  • Guidance for non-planar elements provided (Annex A).
• Specimen orientation and sizes
  • Defined orientation ranges: horizontal (0°–25°), inclined (>25°–80°), vertical (>80°–90°).
  • Vertical specimen sizing: full-size if the real construction is <3 m in either dimension; otherwise minimum 3 m × 3 m exposed area.
  • Horizontal furnace specimens: minimum exposed area 4 m × 3 m unless the actual construction is smaller.
  • For some inclinations, fire exposure from underside is required; exposure-from-above for 0°–45° is not covered.
• Test equipment and instrumentation
  • Furnace and general apparatus per ISO 834-1; furnace type chosen by specimen orientation (wall, floor, or adapted).
  • Test frame stiffness requirement: increase in internal dimension ≤ 5 mm under 25 kN applied force.
  • Instrumentation includes furnace and specimen thermocouples (plate thermometer), heat flux meters (suggested 0–50 kW/m², ±5% accuracy, time constant <10 s, 180° view), pressure measurement and deflection measurement.
  • Furnace pressure for inclined tests: (20 ± 3) Pa measured 100 mm below the top of the exposed face.
• Specimen preparation & performance criteria
  • Specimens must represent the construction as installed (including associated construction and fixings).
  • Differentiates insulated glazing (integrity + insulation) from uninsulated glazing (integrity ± radiation criteria).
  • Performance criteria and reporting follow the test procedure and requirements in ISO 834-1 and clause structure of ISO 3009.

Applications and users

• Primary users: fire-test laboratories, product manufacturers (glass façades, skylights, screens), façade and building-envelope engineers, regulatory authorities, and certification bodies.
• Practical uses:
  • Demonstrating compliance for glazed fire-separating elements in buildings.
  • Evaluating insulated vs uninsulated glazing performance for specified fire-resistance periods.
  • Informing design decisions for vertical, inclined or horizontal glazed assemblies, and for preparing test reports for certification.

Related standards

• ISO 834-1:1999 - General requirements for fire‑resistance tests
• ISO 3008 - Fire tests for doors and shutters (excluded here)
• ISO 834-8 - Specific requirements for non-loadbearing vertical separating elements
• ISO/TR 12470 - Guidance on extended application of test data
• ISO 6308 - Gypsum plasterboard (for associated construction)
• ISO 13943 - Fire safety vocabulary

For designers and test labs, ISO 3009:2003 is a practical reference to ensure repeatable, comparable fire‑resistance testing of glazed building elements.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3009
Second edition
2003-11-01
Fire-resistance tests — Elements of
building construction — Glazed elements
Essais de résistance au feu — Éléments de construction — Éléments
en verre
Reference number
©
ISO 2003
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ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 2
4 Test equipment. 4
5 Test conditions. 6
6 Test specimen preparation . 6
6.1 General. 6
6.2 Number of specimens. 6
6.3 Size of specimen . 6
6.4 Test construction . 6
7 Application of instrumentation. 9
7.1 Furnace thermocouples (plate thermometer) . 9
7.2 Specimen thermocouples . 9
7.3 Furnace pressure . 9
7.4 Heat flux measurement. 9
7.5 Deflection measurement . 10
8 Test procedure . 10
8.1 Furnace control . 10
8.2 Measurements and observations . 11
9 Performance criteria . 11
10 Validity of the test . 12
11 Expression of results. 12
12 Test report. 12
Annex A (informative) Non-planar elements and test data application . 14
Annex B (normative) Test specimens — Testing insulated and uninsulated glazing. 18
Bibliography . 26

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3009 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 2, Fire
containment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3009:1976), which has been technically revised.
iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

Introduction
This International Standard contains specific requirements for fire resistance testing which are unique to
glazed elements used in building construction. The requirements for these glazed elements are intended to be
applied, as appropriate, in conjunction with the detailed and general requirements given in ISO 834-1.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3009:2003(E)

Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction —
Glazed elements
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS — The attention of all persons concerned with managing and carrying out
this fire resistance test is drawn to the fact that fire testing can be hazardous and that there is a
possibility that toxic and/or harmful smoke and gases could be evolved during the test. Mechanical
and operational hazards can also arise during the construction of the test elements or structures, their
testing, and disposal of test residues.
An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health shall be made and safety precautions shall
be identified and provided. Written safety instructions shall be issued. Appropriate training shall be
given to relevant personnel. Laboratory personnel shall ensure that they follow written safety
instructions at all times.
1 Scope
This International Standard provides a test method for determining and assessing the fire resistance
performance of both insulated and uninsulated glazed elements of building construction, when those elements
are exposed to heating on one face. It is applicable to glazed separating elements such as screens, walls of
glass blocks and other light-transmitting assemblies used in vertical, inclined or horizontal orientations, and to
all separating elements containing glazing intended to be assessed in accordance with ISO 834-1 — except
for doors and shutter assemblies, which are intended to be tested in accordance with ISO 3008. It is directly
applicable to planar elements, but also gives guidance on the testing of non-planar elements such as
pyramids.
The application of the test results to other, untested, forms of construction is acceptable only when the
construction complies with the field of direct application given in this International Standard or when it is
subjected to a field of extended application analysis in accordance with ISO/TR 12470.
NOTE Since ISO/TR 12470 gives only general guidelines, specific extended application analyses are to be
performed only by persons expert in fire-resistant constructions.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 834-1:1999, Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 834-8, Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 8: Specific requirements for non-
loadbearing vertical separating elements
ISO 6308, Gypsum plasterboard — Specification
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943, the following terms and
definitions, and the symbols given in ISO 834-1, apply.
3.1
aspect ratio
ratio of the exposed height to the exposed width of the glass
3.2
associated construction
specific construction in which the glazed element is to be installed in practice and which is used to close off
the furnace and provide the levels of restraint and thermal heat transfer to be experienced in normal use
3.3
expansion allowance
difference in dimension between the pane or unit and the opening/aperture in the frame or other method of
attachment into which the panes or units are mounted, available for expansion
NOTE The dimensions are measured in two directions (e.g. vertical and horizontal for a vertical glazed element). See
dimension y –x in Figure 1.
y aperture width
y aperture height
x visible glass width
x visible glass height
Figure 1 — Elevation of glazed pane
2 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

3.4
fire-resistant gypsum board
gypsum board with increased fire resistance as a result of additives to the formulation as specified in
ISO 6308
3.5
glass
rigid transparent or translucent material installed in elements of construction for the purpose of vision or to
allow the passage of light
3.6
glass edge cover
depth of glass retained by the glazing system
NOTE Half the difference between the pane dimension and the exposed dimension, assuming that the pane is
centrally glazed into the opening. See dimension w in Figure 2.

z glass thickness
w edge cover
V pre-installed (for gaskets and strips)
V post-installed (for gaskets and strips)
u depth
a
Uncompressed.
Figure 2 — Cross-section through framing/glazing system
3.7
glazed element
element containing transparent or translucent panes or units retained in frames or other methods of
attachment or units mounted or attached together to provide a barrier
3.8
horizontal glazed element
glazed element intended for installations with inclinations of from 0° up to and including 25°
3.9
inclination
angle of installation relative to a horizontal plane (between 0° and 90°)
3.10
inclined glazed element
glazed element intended for installation with inclinations of from greater than 25° up to and including 80°
3.11
insulated glazing
fire-resistant glazing that satisfies both the integrity and insulation criteria for the anticipated fire-resistance
period
3.12
mullion
vertical framing member separating and supporting two adjacent panes of glass or panels
3.13
orientation
direction of fire exposure with respect to the face of the specimen
EXAMPLE For inclined specimens, orientation is from underneath when using a floor furnace for conducting the test.
3.14
screen
vertical glazed separating element with multiple panes, which can also incorporate a door assembly
3.15
supporting construction
construction that could be required for the testing of some glazed elements into which the test specimen is
assembled
EXAMPLE The wall into which a screen is fitted.
3.16
transom
horizontal framing member separating and supporting two adjacent panes of glass or panels
3.17
uninsulated glazing
fire-resistant glazing that satisfies the integrity of, and, where required, the radiation criteria for, the anticipated
fire resistance period, but which is not intended to provide insulation
3.18
vertical glazed element
glazed element intended for installation with inclinations of from greater than 80° up to and including 90°
4 Test equipment
The test equipment shall be as specified in ISO 834-1. The furnace used will be related to the orientation of
the test specimen. For vertical specimens, the wall testing furnace is suitable; for horizontal specimens the
floor furnace is applicable; for inclined specimens, either of these may be used depending upon the
anticipated exposure conditions.
A test frame or supporting construction is required for the mounting or erection of the specimen. It shall be
designed so that it possesses sufficient stiffness in relation to the test construction. The rigidity of the test
frame shall be evaluated by applying an expansion force within the frame mid-way between two opposite
members of the frame and measuring the increase in the internal dimensions at these positions. This
4 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

evaluation shall be conducted in both directions of the frame and the increase of the internal dimension shall
be measured.
The increase in the internal dimensions of the test frame shall not exceed 5 mm with an applied force of 25 kN.
For tests on inclined elements, the furnace could need to be altered to allow for the test specimen’s
installation. In these cases, the thermal properties of the furnace extensions shall be equivalent to those of the
furnace. See Figure 3 for an example of inclined sample installation.

Key
1 vertical furnace
2 glazing
3 glazing frame
4 supporting construction
5 furnace lining
6 furnace extension
7 furnace extension support
NOTE The thermal properties of the furnace lining are the same as those of the furnace extension.
Figure 3 — Inclined sample installation from above — Example
Measurements of heat flux from the unexposed surface of a specimen shall be made by an instrument
complying with the following specifications.
 The target of the instrument shall not be shielded by a window or subject to a gas purge, i.e. it shall be
subject to convection as well as radiation.
 Suggested range: (0 to 50) kW/m .
 Accuracy: ± 5 % of maximum in range.
 Time constant (time to reach 64 % of target value): < 10 s.
 View angle: (180 ± 5)°.
5 Test conditions
The heating and pressure conditions and furnace atmosphere shall be in accordance with ISO 834-1.
For inclined elements, the furnace shall be operated such that the pressure 100 mm below the top of the
exposed face of the test specimen is (20 ± 3) Pa.
6 Test specimen preparation
6.1 General
6.1.1 The test specimen shall be fully representative of the construction on which information is required
and as intended to be used in practice.
6.1.2 The inclination of the specimen shall be selected according to the field of application. The orientation
of the specimen shall be based on how the glazed element is to be used in practice — i.e. fire exposure from
above or below.
6.2 Number of specimens
6.2.1 For vertical elements, the number of specimens shall follow the general principle of ISO 834-1.
6.2.2 For horizontal or inclined elements, tests shall be conducted with exposure from the underside, unless
for inclined specimens it can be demonstrated that exposure may occur from either side, in which case both
sides shall be tested (where the side of fire exposure is known, only exposure from that side is necessary).
NOTE For inclinations between 0° and 45°, fire exposure from above is not covered by this International Standard.
6.3 Size of specimen
For specimens tested in a vertical furnace, the specimen size shall be full-size when the construction is in
practice less than 3 m high or 3 m wide. For larger elements that can be accommodated in at least a 3 m by
3 m furnace, the minimum specimen size exposed to the heating shall not be less than 3 m × 3 m.
For specimens tested in a horizontal furnace, the exposed dimensions of the test specimen shall be at least
4 m × 3 m, unless the construction it represents is designed to have exposed dimensions of less than
4 m × 3 m, in which case the actual size shall be tested.
6.4 Test construction
6.4.1 General
Where the test specimen is the same size as the opening in the support/restraint frame, the specimen shall be
installed directly into the specimen support/restraint frame. The method of fixing shall be appropriate to the
nature of the materials used to line this specimen support/restraint frame.
Where the element is smaller than the opening in the specimen support/restraint frame, the space between
the specimen and the frame shall be filled with associated or supporting construction.
6.4.2 Associated construction
When the glazed construction to be tested is always installed in a specific — normally proprietary — form of
construction, the specimen shall be installed in a sample of this associated construction with appropriate
fixings.
6 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

6.4.3 Supporting construction
6.4.3.1 For vertical specimens
6.4.3.1.1 General (see Clause 4 for properties of furnace extensions)
If the size of the test specimen is smaller than the opening in the test frame, it shall be installed in the test
frame as follows, as appropriate.
a) Where the height of the test specimen is smaller than the height of the test frame opening, a supporting
construction shall be used to reduce the opening to the required height. The supporting construction shall
possess sufficient stability for the test specimen and shall be a rigid standard supporting construction
such as the examples given in 6.4.3.1.2 and 6.4.3.1.3.
b) Where the width of the test specimen is smaller, a rigid or flexible standard supporting construction shall
be used on the vertical sides of the opening in accordance either with 6.4.3.1.2 to 6.4.3.1.4 or 6.4.3.1.5.
6.4.3.1.2 High-density rigid construction
EXAMPLE Blockwork, masonry or homogenous concrete wall with an overall density of (1 200 ± 400) kg/m and a
thickness of (200 ± 50) mm.
6.4.3.1.3 Low-density rigid construction
EXAMPLE Aerated concrete block wall with an overall density of (650 ± 200) kg/m and a thickness W 70 mm.
6.4.3.1.4 Mortar
For blockwork (incorporating aerated concrete) or masonry wall supporting constructions such as the
examples given in 6.4.3.1.2 and 6.4.3.1.3, the individual masonry units shall be bonded together with a sand,
cement and water mortar in the ratio of four parts sand to one part cement.
6.4.3.1.5 Flexible construction
Lightweight gypsum board-faced steel stud partition with components and construction as follows.
a) Components
1) Head/floor track — rolled steel U-track 0,5 mm to 1,5 mm thick, 67 mm to 77 mm deep.
2) Studs — rolled steel C-studs 0,5 mm to 1,5 mm thick, 65 mm to 75 mm deep.
3) Linings — paper-faced, fire-resistant gypsum board, with the number and thickness of layers to be
fixed to each side of the framework:
i) for intended fire resistance of test specimen up to and including 30 min — one layer each 15 mm
thick or two layers each 9,5 mm thick;
ii) for intended fire resistance of test specimen of between 30 min and 60 min — two layers each
12,5 mm thick;
iii) for intended fire resistance of test specimen of between 60 min and 90 min — three layers each
12,5 mm thick;
iv) for intended fire resistance of test specimen of between 90 min and 120 min — three layers
each 12,5 mm thick (reinforced).
4) Fixings — self-drilling/self-tapping drywall screws:
 15 mm to 25 mm long for the first layer of 9,5 mm thick board;
 25 mm to 36 mm long for the second layer of 9,5 mm thick board;
 20 mm to 30 mm long for first layer of 15 mm thick board;
 31 mm to 41 mm long for second layer of 12,5 mm thick board;
 45 mm to 55 mm long for third layer of 12,5 mm thick board.
5) Joining compound — gypsum plaster.
6) Insulation — none.
b) Construction
1) Fixing centres — head/floor track to test frame u 600 mm.
2) Stud centres — between 400 mm and 625 mm (depending on the size and position of the opening
for the test specimen). These centres do not apply within the 200 mm separation between each
specimen and between the specimens and the edge of the furnace.
3) Stud fixing — friction only. Expansion allowance for studs — 10 mm max. This is not a design
allowance for expansion.
4) Fixing centres — gypsum board to framework, 300 mm around the periphery and in the field in all
layers.
5) Location of vertical joints — to be staggered between layers of gypsum board, in multi-layer
constructions.
6) Location of horizontal joints — to be coincident for one layer systems at a nominal height of
2 400 mm. If applicable, to be staggered between layers of gypsum board, in multi-layer
constructions with the inner layer at a nominal height of 600 mm and the outer layer at a nominal
height of 2 400 mm.
NOTE If the gypsum boards used in the flexible standard supporting construction are not full height (i.e. 3 m),
then a horizontal joint will be needed at the locations stated above. The horizontal joint will need to be backed to
prevent premature failure. A suitable method for this is to place a 100 mm wide fixing strap made from steel
0,5 mm thick behind the outer layer of board at the location of the joint. Drywall screws fixed through the outer
layer of board at 300 mm centres are used to locate the fixing strap. For all systems, the fixing strap is only
required behind the outer layer of board.
7) Filling of joints — outer layer only to be filled with gypsum plaster jointing compound
6.4.3.2 Horizontal or inclined specimens
Horizontal and inclined specimens will in most cases be installed in a type of supporting construction,
proprietary in nature. Accordingly, the provisions of 6.4.2 apply.
8 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

7 Application of instrumentation
7.1 Furnace thermocouples (plate thermometer)
7.1.1 Plate thermometers shall be provided for measuring the temperature of the furnace and shall be
uniformly distributed to give a reliable indication of the temperature across the exposed face of the test
specimen. These plate thermometers shall be constructed and located in accordance with ISO 834-1, with the
sensing face parallel to the test specimen and facing away from the specimen.
7.1.2 There shall be at least one plate thermometer for every 1,5 m of the exposed surface area of the test
construction. They shall be oriented so that Side “A” faces the back wall of the furnace.
7.2 Specimen thermocouples
7.2.1 For unexposed surface temperature measurement, thermocouples constructed in accordance with
ISO 834-1 shall be attached to the unexposed face at positions specified in that International Standard and in
ISO 834-8.
7.2.2 For insulated construction, thermocouples shall b
...