ISO 31120-1:2022

Road vehicles — Injection water — Part 1: Quality requirements

This document specifies water quality used for water injection in internal combustion engines. This document defines quality requirements for injection water including instructions for storage, container materials and production. Testing procedures are also defined.

Véhicules routiers — Injection d'eau — Partie 1: Exigences de qualité

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 16-Jan-2022
• ICS: 13.060.99 - Other standards related to water quality
• ICS: 43.060.40 - Fuel systems
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 34 - Propulsion, powertrain and powertrain fluids
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 34/WG 6 - Water injection
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 17-Jan-2022
• Due Date: 08-Feb-2022
• Completion Date: 17-Jan-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 31120-1
First edition
2022-01
Road vehicles — Injection water —
Part 1:
Quality requirements
Véhicules routiers — Injection d'eau —
Partie 1: Exigences de qualité
Reference number
ISO 31120-1:2022(E)
© ISO 2022

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 31120-1:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
  © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 31120-1:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 IW analysis parameters . 2
5 Storage of purified water .3
5.1 Requirements for the use of materials compatible with IW . 3
5.1.1 Recommended materials . 3
5.1.2 Materials not recommended . 4
5.2 Physical conditions during transportation and storage . 4
5.2.1 General . 4
5.2.2 Shelf life . 4
5.3 Cleanliness of surfaces in contact with IW . 5
5.4 Recommendation on information on further properties . 5
6 Quality assurance . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Sampling . 5
6.3 Testing . 6
6.4 Procedures for product release and handling of non-conforming product . 6
6.5 Quality monitoring . 6
6.5.1 General . 6
6.5.2 Audits . 7
6.5.3 Documentation. 7
7 Procedures for handling of containers and equipment . 7
7.1 General . 7
7.2 Single use non-bulk containers . 7
7.3 Dedicated bulk operation . 8
7.4 Non-dedicated bulk operation . 8
Bibliography . 9
iii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 31120-1:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 34,
Propulsion, powertrain and powertrain fluids.
A list of all parts in the ISO 31120 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
  © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 31120-1:2022(E)
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to define the quality requirements of the water to be used in a water
injection system of an internal combustion engine.
The intention is to ensure that a consistent product is available to automobile manufacturers from
water producers by defining an agreed standard against which to supply the product.
v
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 31120-1:2022(E)
Road vehicles — Injection water —
Part 1:
Quality requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies water quality used for water injection in internal combustion engines. This
document defines quality requirements for injection water including instructions for storage, container
materials and production. Testing procedures are also defined.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7393-2, Water quality — Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine — Part 2: Colorimetric
method using N,N-dialkyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, for routine control purposes
ISO 7393-3, Water quality — Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine — Part 3: Iodometric
titration method for the determination of total chlorine
ISO 7888, Water quality — Determination of electrical conductivity
ISO 10304-1, Water quality — Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions — Part
1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate
ISO 10304-4, Water quality — Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions — Part
4: determination of chlorate, chloride and chlorite in water with low contamination
ISO 10523, Water quality — Determination of pH
ISO 11885, Water quality — Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)
ISO 15061, Water quality — Determination of dissolved bromate — Method by liquid chromatography of
ions
ISO 15923-1, Water quality — Determination of selected parameters by discrete analysis systems — Part 1:
Ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, orthophosphate, sulfate and silicate with photometric detection
EN 872, Water quality — Determination of suspended solids — Method by filtration through glass fibre
filtres
EN 1484, Water analysis — Guidance for determination of total organic carbon
DIN 38409-1, German standard methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge; parameters
characterizing effects and substances (group H); determination of total dry residue, filtrate dry residue and
residue on ignition (H 1)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
1
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 31120-1:2022(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
shelf life
period of time starting with the completion of the production of the batch in which injection water (3.5),
stored under specific conditions, remains within the specification defined in Table 1
3.2
production batch of IW
quantity of injection water (3.5) produced at one operation at a site where the product has (last) been
physically or chemically modified to reach compliance with the specification defined in Table 1
Note 1 to entry: Mixing of IW volumes does not constitute a physical or chemical modification so long as the
quality of the volumes before mixing complies with the specification given in this document.
3.3
bulk operation
handling of injection water (3.5) in large containers
Note 1 to entry: Large containers can be, for example, road tankers, rail cars, storage tanks and vessels.
3.4
packaged shipment
handling of injection water (3.5) in small containers
Note 1 to entry: Small containers can be, for example, drums, cans, bottles and intermediate bulk containers
(IBCs).
3.5
injection water
IW
water very low in inorganic, organic or colloidal contaminants, produced, for example, by single
distillation, by deionization, by ultra-filtration or by reverse osmosis manufacture
4 IW analysis parameters
Water used for injection in internal combustion engines shall comply with the limits of Table 1.
Table 1 — Water parameter limits
Item Maximum Units Testing method
value
Electrical conductivity (25 °C) 15 µS/cm ISO 7888
pH value 5 to 8 — ISO 10523
Evaporation residue 30 mg/l DIN 38409-1
Total organic carbon 1,2 mg/l EN 1484
Sodium 3 mg/l ISO 11885
Silicon 1,5 mg/l ISO 11885
Σ metal cations (Pb, Sb, As, Bi, Cu, Cd,
Zn, Se, Te, Na, K, Li, Ca, Mg, Al, B, Sn, 6,5 mg/l ISO 11885
Si, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn)
Chloride (halogens) 0,5 mg/l ISO 10304-1
Ammonium 0,1 mg/l ISO 15923-1
2
  © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 31120-1:2022(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Item Maximum Units Testing method
value
Nitrate 0,5 mg/l ISO 10304-1
Nitrite 0,1 mg/l ISO 15923-1
Sulfate 0,5 mg/l ISO 10304-1
Phosphate 0,1 mg/l ISO 15923-1
Chlorate 0,1 mg/l ISO 10304-4
Bromate 0,1 mg/l ISO 15061
Phosphorus 0,1 mg/l ISO 11885
Sulfur 1 mg/l ISO 11885
Non-filterable solids 5 mg/l EN 872
Chlorine ISO 7393-2
0,1 mg/l
ISO 7393-3
The injection water has to be clear, colourless and free from oil drops (see ISO 7887 and ISO 7027-1).
Certificates of analysis shall contain all specified parameters.
5 Storage of purified water
5.1 Requirements for the use of materials compatible with IW
To avoid contamination of IW and to resist corrosion of the devices used (containers, tubes, valves,
fittings, gaskets, hoses, etc.), all materials in direct contact with IW during handling, transportation
and storage, including sampling, shall be compatible with IW.
It is the responsibility of the user of this document to ensure that the correct materials are used. The
list of the materials given in Tables 2 and 3 are for guidance only.
Any material with uncertain compatibility with IW shall not be used.
5.1.1 Recommended materials
1)
Examples of materials recommended for use with IW are given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Examples of recommended materials
Hard rubber
Polyethylene, free of additives
Polypropylene, free of additives
Polyisobutylene, free of additives
Perfluoroalkoxyl alkane (PFA), free of additives
Polyfluoroethylene (PFE), free of additives
Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), free of additives
Polytetraf
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 31120-1
First edition
Road vehicles — Injection water —
Part 1:
Quality requirements
Véhicules routiers — Injection d'eau —
Partie 1: Exigences de qualité
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 31120-1:2021(E)
© ISO 2021

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 31120-1:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 31120-1:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 IW analysis parameters . 2
5 Storage of purified water .3
5.1 Requirements for the use of materials compatible with IW . 3
5.1.1 Recommended materials . 3
5.1.2 Materials not recommended . 4
5.2 Physical conditions during transportation and storage . 4
5.2.1 General . 4
5.2.2 Shelf life . 4
5.3 Cleanliness of surfaces in contact with IW . 5
5.4 Recommendation on information on further properties . 5
6 Quality assurance . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Sampling . 5
6.3 Testing . 6
6.4 Procedures for product release and handling of non-conforming product . 6
6.5 Quality monitoring . 6
6.5.1 General . 6
6.5.2 Audits . 7
6.5.3 Documentation. 7
7 Procedures for handling of containers and equipment . 7
7.1 General . 7
7.2 Single use non-bulk containers . 7
7.3 Dedicated bulk operation . 8
7.4 Non-dedicated bulk operation . 8
Bibliography . 9
iii
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 31120-1:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 34,
Propulsion, powertrain and powertrain fluids.
A list of all parts in the ISO 31120 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 31120-1:2021(E)
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to define the quality requirements of the water to be used in a water
injection system of an internal combustion engine.
The intention is to ensure that a consistent product is available to automobile manufacturers from
water producers by defining an agreed standard against which to supply the product.
v
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 31120-1:2021(E)
Road vehicles — Injection water —
Part 1:
Quality requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies water quality used for water injection in internal combustion engines. This
document defines quality requirements for injection water including instructions for storage, container
materials and production. Testing procedures are also defined.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7393-2, Water quality — Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine — Part 2: Colorimetric
method using N,N-dialkyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, for routine control purposes
ISO 7393-3, Water quality — Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine — Part 3: Iodometric
titration method for the determination of total chlorine
ISO 7888, Water quality — Determination of electrical conductivity
ISO 10304-1, Water quality — Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions — Part
1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate
ISO 10304-4, Water quality — Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions — Part
4: determination of chlorate, chloride and chlorite in water with low contamination
ISO 10523, Water quality — Determination of pH
ISO 11885, Water quality — Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)
ISO 15061, Water quality — Determination of dissolved bromate — Method by liquid chromatography of
ions
ISO 15923-1, Water quality — Determination of selected parameters by discrete analysis systems — Part 1:
Ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, orthophosphate, sulfate and silicate with photometric detection
EN 872, Water quality — Determination of suspended solids — Method by filtration through glass fibre
filtres
EN 1484, Water analysis — Guidance for determination of total organic carbon
DIN 38409-1, German standard methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge; parameters
characterizing effects and substances (group H); determination of total dry residue, filtrate dry residue and
residue on ignition (H 1)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
1
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 31120-1:2021(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
shelf life
period of time starting with the completion of the production of the batch in which injection water (3.5),
stored under specific conditions, remains within the specification defined in Table 1
3.2
production batch of IW
quantity of injection water (3.5) produced at one operation at a site where the product has (last) been
physically or chemically modified to reach compliance with the specification defined in Table 1
Note 1 to entry: Mixing of IW volumes does not constitute a physical or chemical modification so long as the
quality of the volumes before mixing complies with the specification given in this document.
3.3
bulk operation
handling of injection water (3.5) in large containers
Note 1 to entry: Large containers can be, for example, road tankers, rail cars, storage tanks and vessels.
3.4
packaged shipment
handling of injection water (3.5) in small containers
Note 1 to entry: Small containers can be, for example, drums, cans, bottles and intermediate bulk containers
(IBCs).
3.5
injection water
IW
water very low in inorganic, organic or colloidal contaminants, produced, for example, by single
distillation, by deionization, by ultra-filtration or by reverse osmosis manufacture
4 IW analysis parameters
Water used for injection in internal combustion engines shall comply with the limits of Table 1.
Table 1 — Water parameter limits
Item Maximum Units Testing method
value
Electrical conductivity (25 °C) 15 µS/cm ISO 7888
pH value 5 to 8 — ISO 10523
Evaporation residue 30 mg/l DIN 38409-1
Total organic carbon 1,2 mg/l EN 1484
Sodium 3 mg/l ISO 11885
Silicon 1,5 mg/l ISO 11885
Σ metal cations (Pb, Sb, As, Bi, Cu, Cd,
Zn, Se, Te, Na, K, Li, Ca, Mg, Al, B, Sn, 6,5 mg/l ISO 11885
Si, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn)
Chloride (halogens) 0,5 mg/l ISO 10304-1
Ammonium 0,1 mg/l ISO 15923-1
2
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 31120-1:2021(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Item Maximum Units Testing method
value
Nitrate 0,5 mg/l ISO 10304-1
Nitrite 0,1 mg/l ISO 15923-1
Sulfate 0,5 mg/l ISO 10304-1
Phosphate 0,1 mg/l ISO 15923-1
Chlorate 0,1 mg/l ISO 10304-4
Bromate 0,1 mg/l ISO 15061
Phosphorus 0,1 mg/l ISO 11885
Sulfur 1 mg/l ISO 11885
Non filterable solids 5 mg/l EN 872
Chlorine ISO 7393-2
0,1 mg/l
ISO 7393-3
The injection water has to be clear, colourless and free from oil drops (see ISO 7887 and ISO 7027-1).
Certificates of analysis shall contain all specified parameters.
5 Storage of purified water
5.1 Requirements for the use of materials compatible with IW
To avoid contamination of IW and to resist corrosion of the devices used (containers, tubes, valves,
fittings, gaskets, hoses, etc.), all materials in direct contact with IW during handling, transportation
and storage, including sampling, shall be compatible with IW.
It is the responsibility of the user of this document to ensure that the correct materials are used. The
list of the materials given in Tables 2 and 3 are for guidance only.
Any material with uncertain compatibility with IW shall not be used.
5.1.1 Recommended materials
1)
Examples of materials recommended for use with IW are given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Examples of recommended materials
Hard rubber
Polyethylene, free of additives
Polypropylene, free of additives
Polyisobutylene, free of additives
Perfluoroalkoxyl alkane (PFA), free of additives
Polyfluoroethylene (PFE), free of additives
Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), free of additives
Polytetrafluoroe
...