ISO 8330:2014
(Main)Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Vocabulary
Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies — Vocabulary
ISO 8330:2014 defines terms used in the hose industry.
Tuyaux et flexibles en caoutchouc et en plastique — Vocabulaire
L'ISO 8330:2014 définit les termes utilisés dans l'industrie des tuyaux.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8330
NORME
Third edition
Troisième édition
INTERNATIONALE 2014-08-15
Rubber and plastics hoses and hose
assemblies — Vocabulary
Tuyaux et flexibles en caoutchouc et
en plastique — Vocabulaire
Reference number
Numéro de référence
ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
©
ISO 2014
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ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
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iiii © ISO 2014 – All rig© ISO 2014 – All rights rhts reserveserved/Ted/Tous drous droits roits réservéservésés
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ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
2.1 Hose terms . 1
2.2 Hose assembly terms .15
Bibliography .20
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ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee
SC 1, Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 8330:2007), which has been technically
revised.
In particular, the following have been revised:
— a number of hose terms (see 2.1) have been added and several definitions have been amended (see
2.1);
— the following terms have been added:
— 2.1.8 bending (of a hose);
— 2.1.48 flexibility (of a hose);
— 2.1.50 flexural stiffness (of a hose);
— 2.1.52 hardwall hose;
— 2.1.59 hose deformation;
— 2.1.89 nominal size.
— a part of 2.1.7 bend radius has been deleted;
— 2.1.30 conductivity has been amended;
— Annex A has been deleted and reference is made to Annex A of ISO 8031:2009 instead (see Clause 1
and 2.1.30, Note 1).
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies —
Vocabulary
1 Scope
This International Standard defines terms used in the hose industry.
This International Standard is divided into two subclauses, namely
— 2.1: hose terms, and
— 2.2: hose assembly terms.
NOTE 1 The following hose terms can also be applied to hose assemblies: bend radius, bending, bending force,
burst pressure, elongation, hydrostatic stability, hydrostatic stability test, impulse test, kinking, maximum
working pressure, minimum bend radius, proof pressure, proof pressure test, reeling diameter ,test pressure,
vacuum resistance, vacuum stability, vacuum test, working pressure, working temperature.
Recommended terminology and limits for electrical resistance, according to construction, of rubber
and plastics hoses and hose assemblies for International Standards and European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) standards can be found in ISO 8031:2009, Annex A.
NOTE 2 See also the ISO online browsing platform (OBP): https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/
2 Terms and definitions
2.1 Hose terms
2.1.1
adhesion
strength of bond between cured rubber surfaces or between a cured rubber surface and a non-rubber
surface or the strength of bond between two non-rubber (plastics) hose layers fused or glued together
2.1.2
angle of braid
angle of lay
acute angle between any strand of the braid (2.1.17) and a line parallel to the axis of the hose
2.1.3
anti-static wire
bonding wire
conducting wire
metal wire (usually manufactured from thin braided copper wires) incorporated in the hose wall (2.1.60)
in order to remove static electricity generated in the hose, and usually connected to the couplings (2.2.10)
of an assembly
2.1.4
armoured hose
hose (2.1.58) with a protective covering, generally applied as a braid (2.1.17) or helix (2.1.54), to minimize
physical damage
2.1.5
armouring
protective covering over a hose, generally applied as a braid (2.1.17) or helix (2.1.54) to prevent
mechanical damage or to support the reinforcement (2.1.109) of a hose section
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ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
2.1.6
barrier
thin layer of film (polymeric) within the construction of the hose for preventing fluid or gas from
diffusing through the hose wall (2.1.60) to the atmosphere
2.1.7
bend radius
radius of a bent section of hose measured to the innermost surface of the curved portion
2.1.8
bending
forcing the hose out of a straight line into a curved position
2.1.9
bending force
load required to induce bending (2.1.8) around a specified radius and hence a measure of stiffness
2.1.10
bias angle
smaller included angle between the warp (2.1.145)threads of a cloth and a diagonal line cutting across
the warp threads
2.1.11
bias cut
cut made diagonally across a textile material at an angle less than 90° to the longitudinal axis
2.1.12
bias seam
seam at which bias cut (2.1.11) fabrics are joined together
2.1.13
blister
hollow space between layers in the hose wall (2.1.60), in which air or other gasses are entrapped
[SOURCE: ISO 1382]
2.1.14
body wire
round or flat wire helix embedded in the hose wall (2.1.60) to increase strength or to resist collapse
2.1.15
bonded hose construction
hose (2.1.58) with conductive metallic elements incorporated in the hose construction
Note 1 to entry: When determined in accordance with ISO 8031, the electrical resistance per unit length in the
case of hoses (lengths without couplings), or the electrical resistance between the fittings, in the case of hose
2
assemblies, does not exceed 10 Ω.
2.1.16
bore
inside of a hose through which the material to be conveyed passes
2.1.17
braid
continuous sleeve (2.2.38) of interwoven single or multiple strands of yarn (2.1.157) textile or wire
2.1.18
braided hose
hose (2.1.58) in which the reinforcement has been applied as interwoven spiral strands
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ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
2.1.19
brand
mark or symbol identifying the hose in accordance with the relevant International Standard, the mark
or symbol being embossed, inlaid or printed on the hose, coupling (2.2.10) or hose assembly
Note 1 to entry: In the relevant International Standard, a colour code may be included at the option of the
manufacturer.
2.1.20
breaker ply
open mesh fabric (2.1.46) used to enhance the bond between a hose lining (2.1.78) or cover and its
carcass and to spread impact
Note 1 to entry: This element can also add reinforcement (2.1.109) to these components.
2.1.21
burst pressure
pressure at which rupture of the hose occurs when tested to the relevant International Standard
2.1.22
capped end
DEPRECATED: sealed end
hose end covered to protect its internal elements
2.1.23
carcass
fabric (2.1.46), cord and/or metal reinforcing section of a hose, as distinguished from the hose tube or
cover (2.1.35)
Note 1 to entry: See reinforcement (2.1.109).
2.1.24
cloth-marked finish
appearance of the vulcanized cover produced by straight or spiral wrapping (2.1.123) used during
vulcanization (2.1.114) and subsequently removed
Note 1 to entry: See wrapper marks (2.1.156).
2.1.25
coiling diameter
minimum diameter of coil to which a hose can be coiled without damage
2.1.26
collapsible hose
softwall hose (2.1.120) which, when unpressurized internally, can be coiled or folded on itself
Note 1 to entry: See layflat hose (2.1.76).
2.1.27
composite hose
multilayer hose
hose (2.1.58) consisting of layers of non-vulcanized materials in sheeting form held together by two
metal or plastics spirals (one inside and one outside)
2.1.28
compound
mixture of rubber or plastic and other materials that are combined to give the desired properties when
used in the manufacture of a hose
[SOURCE: ISO 1382]
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ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
2.1.29
conductive hose
hose (2.1.58) incorporating electrically conducting materials in the hose construction, the electrical
resistance per unit length in the case of hoses (lengths without couplings), or the resistance between the
fittings in the case of hose assemblies, being between 102 W and 106 W when determined in accordance
with ISO 8031
Note 1 to entry: Recommended terminology and limits for electrical properties are given in ISO 8031:2009,
Annex A.
2.1.30
conductivity
property of a hose or hose assembly to conduct electricity
Note 1 to entry: Recommended terminology and limits for electrical properties are given in ISO 8031:2009,
Annex A.
Note 2 to entry: Recommended hose classifications are (per length of hose assembly):
8
— electrically insulating hose: > 10 Ω; per assembly
6
— electrically conductive or anti-static hose: < 10 Ω (grade Ω); per assembly
2
— electrically bonded hose: < 10 Ω (grade M); per assembly
2
— electrically continuous hose: < 10 Ω; per assembly
4
— electrically discontinuous hose: > 2,5 × 10 Ω; per assembly
Note 3 to entry: A classification for a long hose length without end fittings in ohm per metre (Ω/m) is still to be
established.
2.1.31
consolidated
state in which the components of a hose are firmly brought together by the application of pressure
during manufacture
Note 1 to entry: Components cannot be considered bonded until after vulcanization (2.1.114). Consolidation
procedures may be carried out several times during construction.
2.1.32
convoluted hose
hose (2.1.58) fluted helically (externally and/or internally)
2.1.33
wire cord
textile cord
reinforcement material of thin, flexible metal wires or (usually synthetic) textile yarns (2.1.157) which
consist of several strands of fine wires or yarns twisted together
2.1.34
corrugated hose
hose (2.1.58) with a cover fluted circumferentially with bellows-like corrugations (externally and/or
internally)
Note 1 to entry: Hoses are in production today with internal circumferential corrugations.
2.1.35
cover
outer layer covering the reinforcement (2.1.109)
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ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
2.1.36
diffusion
escape of gas from inside the hose through the carcass (2.1.23) and cover (2.1.35) into the environment
2.1.37
design pressure
DEPRECATED: maximum pressure which the hose is designed to withstand, including any momentary
surges, during service
Note 1 to entry: The design pressure is sometimes called the rated pressure (2.1.85) and is expressed in SI units
(MPa, Pa) or bar (or both).
Note 2 to entry: See maximum working pressure (2.1.85).
2.1.38
dog-leg
abrupt localized deviation in direction of a hose when pressurized, caused by a local flaw in the
construction of the carcass (2.1.23) and being manifest as a sharp or angular change in direction
2.1.39
effusion
escape of gas from inside the hose through the lining (2.1.78) into the carcass (2.1.23)
2.1.40
elongation
change in length of a hose (2.1.58)
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed numerically as a percentage of the initial length.
2.1.41
embedded helix
helical wire entirely enclosed by the hose wall (2.1.60)
2.1.42
end-reinforcement
extra reinforcing material applied to the end of a hose to provide additional strength or stiffening
2.1.43
enlarged end
expanded end
hose end having a diameter greater than the internal diameter of the hose to accommodate a coupling
(2.2.10) or to fit on to pipework
2.1.44
embedding layer
layer of rubber in which is embedded a reinforcing helix of wire or other material
2.1.45
externally convoluted hose
hose (2.1.58) containing a reinforcing helix (2.1.54) in which the outer cover has been formed into
corrugations between the turns of the helix
Note 1 to entry: Such hoses may be rough bore (2.1.114), semi-embedded bore or smooth bore (2.1.118).
2.1.46
fabric
plane structure produced by interlaced yarns (2.1.157), fibres or filaments
2.1.47
filler strip
material added during fabrication of a hose containing a supporting helix (2.1.54) to fill the spaces
between the successive turns of the helix
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ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
2.1.48
flexibility
capability of being pliable (without being severely deformed or damaged)
2.1.49
flexible mandrel
long, round, smooth rod capable of being coiled in a circle of small diameter
Note 1 to entry: It is used for support during the manufacture of certain types of hose. (The mandrel is made of
rubber or plastics material and may have a core of flexible wire to prevent stretching.)
2.1.50
flexural stiffness
measure of the resistance to bending (2.1.8)
2.1.51
hand-built hose
hose made by hand on a mandrel (2.1.80), reinforced by textile or wire, or combination of both, and a
cover (2.1.35)
2.1.52
hardwall hose
hose with a built-in wall reinforcement (2.1.109) or with a solid elastomer wall of sufficient thickness to
prevent the hose to flatten during bending (2.1.8) or coiling when empty
2.1.53
helical cord
reinforcement formed by a cord or cords wound spirally around the body of a hose
2.1.54
helix
shape formed by spiralling a wire or other reinforcement (2.1.109) around or within the body of the hose
2.1.55
helix angle
acute angle between any strand of helical reinforcement (2.1.109) and a line parallel to the axis
2.1.56
helix wire or spiral
helical wire
wire spiralled over or under the reinforcement (2.1.109) around or within the wall of the hose construction
to prevent flattening or kinking (2.1.70) during bending (2.1.8) of the hose or under vacuum
Note 1 to entry: See body wire (2.1.14).
2.1.57
helix-reinforced hose
hose (2.1.58) in which reinforcing helical wire(s) [or spiral(s)] (2.1.58) are incorporated
2.1.58
hose
flexible tube consisting of a lining (2.1.78), reinforcement (2.1.109) and, usually, a cover (2.1.35)
2.1.59
hose deformation
change in hose geometry (generally outside diameter, length, locally positioned bulging, ovality) caused
by external causes, as measured according to a specified standard procedure
2.1.60
hose wall
material between the internal and external surfaces of a hose (2.1.60)
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ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
2.1.61
hydraulic hose
hose (2.1.58) with a braid (2.1.17) or spiral reinforcement (2.1.109) designed for systems which transfer
power via fluid at high pressures
Note 1 to entry: The description “designated to withstand high pressures” can be misleading. For example
based on the current definition of hydraulic hose it would be expected that hoses made to ISO 4079, i.e. textile-
reinforced hydraulic types, would be for high pressure. However, there are hoses in ISO 4079 with a maximum
working pressure (2.1.85) of 1,6 MPa (16 bar).
2.1.62
hydrostatic stability
ability to resist, within limits, changes in length and/or diameter and/or twist (2.1.138) at a specified
pressure
2.1.63
hydrostatic stability test
non-destructive test in which the change in length and/or diameter and/or twist (2.1.138) of a hose is
measured at a specified pressure
2.1.64
impulse
pressure of short duration that may be cyclic, and which produces sudden stress
2.1.65
impulse test
pulsating pressure test, usually applied to hydraulic hoses (2.1.61)
2.1.66
insulating layer
material (i.e. rubber) between plies of reinforcement (2.1.109)
2.1.67
inside diameter
ID
diameter of the bore (2.1.16) of a hose
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres.
2.1.68
jacket
seamless tubular braided or woven ply generally on the outside of a hose
2.1.69
kink
permanent or temporary deformation of a section of the hose bore (2.1.16)
2.1.70
kinking
permanent or temporary distortion of a hose by excessive bending (2.1.8), leading to closure or partial
closure of the hose bore and/or permanent deformation
2.1.71
knitted hose
hose with textile reinforcement (2.1.109) applied in an inter-locking looped configuration
2.1.72
knitted ply
layer of textile reinforcement (2.1.109) in which the yarns (2.1.157) are applied in an interlocking looped
configuration in a continuous tubular structure
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ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
2.1.73
lap
part that extends over itself or over a similar part, usually by a desired and predetermined amount
2.1.74
lap seam
seam made by placing the edge of one piece of material so that it extends flat over the edge of a second
piece of material
2.1.75
lay
direction of advance of a strand of reinforcing material for one complete turn along its length axis
2.1.76
layflat hose
softwall hose (2.1.120) which, when unpressurized internally, collapses to such an extent that the inner
faces of the bore (2.1.16) make contact and the hose cross-section appears flat
2.1.77
linear (electrical) resistance
electrical resistance of a hose, measured in accordance with ISO 8031
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in ohms per metre (Ω/m).
2.1.78
lining
innermost continuous all-rubber or plastics element of a hose
2.1.79
machine-made hose
hose (2.1.58) made by machine (instead of by hand on a mandrel), particularly wrapped-ply hose (2.1.155)
2.1.80
mandrel
rigid or flexible rod or tube of circular cross-section on which certain types of hose are manufactured
2.1.81
mandrel-built
fabricated on a mandrel (2.1.80)
2.1.82
mandrel-made hose
hose (2.1.60) fabricated by hand and vulcanized on a mandrel (2.1.80)
2.1.83
marker yarn
identification yarn (2.1.157) which is placed in the hose during manufacture to identify the manufacturer
2.1.84
marking
hose identification details
2.1.85
maximum working pressure
rated pressure
maximum pressure which the hose is designed to withstand, including any momentary surges, during
service
Note 1 to entry: It is necessary to make a distinction between frequent predictable surges and unpredictable
surges, which happen infrequently only.
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ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
2.1.86
minimum bend radius
smallest specified radius to which a hose may be bent in service
Note 1 to entry: See bend radius (2.1.7).
2.1.87
moulded hose
hose (2.1.58) vulcanized in a rigid mould or inside a lead sheath that is subsequently removed
2.1.88
nominal bore
reference number for the bore (2.1.16) of a hose
Note 1 to entry: It is dimensionless.
2.1.89
nominal size
nominal bore size
size given to a hose for the purpose of identification
Note 1 to entry: It is dimensionless.
Note 2 to entry: See nominal bore (2.1.88).
2.1.90
non-conductive hose
insulated hose
hose (2.1.58) made of non-conductive material
Note 1 to entry: It does not incorporate conductive elements and is not capable of dissipating electrostatic charges.
2.1.91
operating conditions
pressure, temperature, motion and environment to which a hose (assembly) may be subjected
2.1.92
OSD hose
oil suction and discharge hose
hose used for oil suction and discharge in many types of operation
2.1.93
outside diameter
OD
diameter of the exterior of the cross-section of a hose
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres.
2.1.94
permeation
process of penetration and effusion (2.1.39) or diffusion of a gas or liquid through the hose wall (2.1.60)
2.1.95
pitch
distance between two consecutive turns of a helix measured parallel to the axis
Note 1 to entry: This term may also apply to other reinforcing components.
2.1.96
plain end
uncapped or otherwise unprotected end of a hose
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ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
2.1.97
plastics hose
hose of plastics material with a reinforcement (2.1.109) of textile material or metal wire and a cover of
plastics material
2.1.98
plastics-lined hose
hose with a lining (2.1.78) of plastics material
2.1.99
ply (pl. plies)
layer of reinforcing material
Note 1 to entry: See reinforcement (2.1.109).
2.1.100
ply adhesion
force required to separate two adjoining plies of a hose
2.1.101
popcorning
effect on a steam hose lining (2.1.78) attributed to the eruption, during subsequent use, of condensate
formed and entrapped in the lining during cooling
2.1.102
pre-shaped hose
pre-formed hose
hose vulcanized or formed into a particular shape
2.1.103
pricking
perforation of a hose cover designed to prevent blisters (2.1.13)on the cover formed by the expansion of
gases trapped in the interstices of the reinforcement (2.1.109)
2.1.104
proof pressure
pressure applied during a non-destructive test and held for a specified period of time to prove the
integrity of the construction
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in SI units (MPa, Pa) or in bar (or both).
2.1.105
proof pressure test
pressure holding test to prove the structural integrity of a hose
2.1.106
protected hose
hose (2.1.58) with external protection, generally braiding or a spiral, to prevent external damage
2.1.107
rated system pressure
pressure serving as a basis for calculating the rated pressure (2.1.85) of a complete piping system
2.1.108
reeling diameter
minimum diameter of reel on which a hose (2.1.58) can be coiled without damage by kinking (2.1.70) or
distortion
Note 1 to entry: See collapsible hose (2.1.26).
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ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
2.1.109
reinforcement
non-rubber strengthening member of a hose
Note 1 to entry: See carcass (2.1.23).
2.1.110
reinforced end
hose end equipped with extra reinforcement (2.1.109) to achieve additional strength or stiffness
2.1.111
reinforcement angle
angle formed by the intersection of a reinforcement (2.1.109) strand and a line parallel to the axis of the
hose (2.1.58)
2.1.112
reinforcing rings
steel (usually) or plastics rings, embedded over the reinforcement layers of some hose designs, which
have the same function as a helical or body wire (2.1.14)
2.1.113
round-woven hose
hose (2.1.58) with a round-woven reinforcement (2.1.109)
EXAMPLE fire fighting hose, rig supply hose, etc.
2.1.114
rough bore hose
hose (2.1.58) in which a reinforcing helix of wire, or its shape, is exposed in the bore (2.1.16)
2.1.115
rubber hose
tube made of vulcanized rubber with a reinforcement (2.1.109), generally textile or metal wire, and
usually a cover
2.1.116
rubber tubing
flexible tube made of vulcanized rubber without a reinforcement (2.1.109)
2.1.117
semi-embedded helix or spiral
helical wire, concentric with the bore (2.1.16), semi-embedded in the lining (2.1.78) of a hose (2.1.58) so
that only a portion of the wire is exposed
2.1.118
smooth-bore hose
hose (2.1.58) in which no reinforcing wire helix or its shape is exposed on the inner surface of the lining
(2.1.78)
2.1.119
soft end
hose end in which the rigid reinforcement (2.1.109) of the body, usually wire, is omitted
2.1.120
softwall hose
hose (2.1.58) without a supporting helix of rigid or semi-rigid material
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ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
2.1.121
spacing
distance between adjacent turns of reinforcing wire measured parallel to the axis of the helix, i.e. the
pitch (2.1.95) minus the width of the wire
Note 1 to entry: This term may also apply to rings or other hoop type reinforcements.
2.1.122
spiral lay
manner (i.e. angle and pitch) in which a spiral reinforcement (2.1.109) is applied to a hose (2.1.58) or
other cylindrical article
Note 1 to entry: See angle of braid/angle of lay (2.1.2).
2.1.123
spiral wrapping
method of applying external pressure to a hose (2.1.58) during vulcanization (2.1.114) by using a narrow
strip of cloth wound helically, with overlaps, along the hose
2.1.124
spiralled hose
hose (2.1.58) reinforced with strands wound helically in layers, with adjacent layers in opposing
directions
2.1.125
splice
joint or junction made by lapping or butting, straight or at an angle, and held together through
vulcanization (2.1.114) or mechanical means
2.1.126
static bonding
use of conductive material to eliminate static electrical charges
2.1.127
static conductivity
capability to provide a path for dissipation of static electricity
2.1.128
static wire
wire incorporated in a hose (2.1.58) to conduct static electricity
2.1.129
straight end
end of a hose (2.1.58), the structure and dimensions of which are identical to those of the body of the
hose
Note 1 to entry: It is produced by simply cutting the hose at right angles to its length.
2.1.130
straight wrapping
lightweight fabric (2.1.46) wrapped around the hose (2.1.58) to impart pressure and consolidate the
hose during vulcanization (2.1.114), the warp threads of the fabric being parallel to the axis of the hose
2.1.131
system operating pressure
operating pressure
pressure actually present in the piping system in which the hose is used during service
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ISO 8330:2014(E/F)
2.1.132
test pressure
positive or negative pressure to which the hose (2.1.58) is subjected for a specified period of time under
standardized conditions
2.1.133
thermoplastics hose
tube of flexible plastics material reinforced with a spiral of a semi-rigid plastics material encapsulated
in, or external to, the wall
2.1.134
tolerance
specified range within which a measured value lies
2.1.135
transition layer
transition ply
rubber layer between two plies of different rubber compounds (2.1.28)which do not adhere to each other
after vulcanization (2.1.114)
Note 1 to entry: The transition layer provides a good bond to both rubber layers.
2.1.136
tubing
flexible polymeric tube without reinforcement (2.1.109)
2.1.137
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