ISO 37120:2014
(Main)Sustainable development of communities — Indicators for city services and quality of life
Sustainable development of communities — Indicators for city services and quality of life
ISO 37120:2014 defines and establishes methodologies for a set of indicators to steer and measure the performance of city services and quality of life. It follows the principles set out and can be used in conjunction with ISO 37101:?, Sustainable development in communities ? Management systems ? General principles and requirements, when published, and other strategic frameworks. ISO 37120:2014 is applicable to any city, municipality or local government that undertakes to measure its performance in a comparable and verifiable manner, irrespective of size and location.
Développement durable des collectivités — Indicateurs pour les services urbains et la qualité de vie
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 37120
First edition
2014-05-15
Sustainable development of
communities — Indicators for city
services and quality of life
Développement durable des collectivités — Indicateurs pour les
services urbains et la qualité de vie
Reference number
ISO 37120:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
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ISO 37120:2014(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO 37120:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 City indicators . 3
5 Economy . 3
5.1 City’s unemployment rate (core indicator) . 3
5.2 Assessed value of commercial and industrial properties as a percentage of total assessed
value of all properties (core indicator) . 4
5.3 Percentage of city population living in poverty (core indicator). 4
5.4 Percentage of persons in full-time employment (supporting indicator) . 5
5.5 Youth unemployment rate (supporting indicator) . 6
5.6 Number of businesses per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) . 6
5.7 Number of new patents per 100 000 population per year (supporting indicator) . 7
6 Education . 7
6.1 Percentage of female school-aged population enrolled in schools (core indicator) . . 7
6.2 Percentage of students completing primary education: survival rate (core indicator). 8
6.3 Percentage of students completing secondary education: survival rate (core indicator) . 9
6.4 Primary education student/teacher ratio (core indicator) . 9
6.5 Percentage of male school-aged population enrolled in schools (supporting indicator) .10
6.6 Percentage of school-aged population enrolled in schools (supporting indicator) .11
6.7 Number of higher education degrees per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .11
7 Energy .12
7.1 Total residential electrical energy use per capita (kWh/year) (core indicator) .12
7.2 Percentage of city population with authorized electrical service (core indicator) .12
7.3 Energy consumption of public buildings per year (kWh/m²) (core indicator) .13
7.4 The percentage of total energy derived from renewable sources, as a share of the city’s
total energy consumption (core indicator) .13
7.5 Total electrical energy use per capita (kWh/year) (supporting indicator) .14
7.6 Average number of electrical interruptions per customer per year
(supporting indicator) .14
7.7 Average length of electrical interruptions (in hours) (supporting indicator) .15
8 Environment .16
8.1 Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration (core indicator) .16
8.2 Particulate matter (PM10) concentration (core indicator) .16
8.3 Greenhouse gas emissions measured in tonnes per capita (core indicator).17
8.4 NO (nitrogen dioxide) concentration (supporting indicator) .18
2
8.5 SO (sulphur dioxide) concentration (supporting indicator) .19
2
8.6 O (Ozone) concentration (supporting indicator) .19
3
8.7 Noise pollution (supporting indicator) .20
8.8 Percentage change in number of native species (supporting indicator) .20
9 Finance .21
9.1 Debt service ratio (debt service expenditure as a percentage of a municipality’s own-
source revenue) (core indicator) .21
9.2 Capital spending as a percentage of total expenditures (supporting indicator) .22
9.3 Own-source revenue as a percentage of total revenues (supporting indicator).22
9.4 Tax collected as a percentage of tax billed (supporting indicator) .23
10 Fire and emergency response .23
10.1 Number of firefighters per 100 000 population (core indicator) .23
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ISO 37120:2014(E)
10.2 Number of fire related deaths per 100 000 population (core indicator) .24
10.3 Number of natural disaster related deaths per 100 000 population (core indicator) .24
10.4 Number of volunteer and part-time firefighters per 100 000 population
(supporting indicator) .25
10.5 Response time for emergency response services from initial call (supporting indicator) 25
10.6 Response time for fire department from initial call (supporting indicator) .26
11 Governance .26
11.1 Voter participation in last municipal election (as a percentage of eligible voters)
(core indicator) .26
11.2 Women as a percentage of total elected to city-level office (core indicator) .27
11.3 Percentage of women employed in the city government workforce
(supporting indicator) .27
11.4 Number of convictions for corruption and/or bribery by city officials per 100 000
population (supporting indicator) .27
11.5 Citizens’ representation: number of local officials elected to office per 100 000 population
(supporting indicator) .28
11.6 Number of registered voters as a percentage of the voting age population
(supporting indicator) .29
12 Health .29
12.1 Average life expectancy (core indicator) .29
12.2 Number of in-patient hospital beds per 100 000 population (core indicator) .30
12.3 Number of physicians per 100 000 population (core indicator) .30
12.4 Under age five mortality per 1 000 live births (core indicator) .31
12.5 Number of nursing and midwifery personnel per 100 000 population
(supporting indicator) .32
12.6 Number of mental health practitioners per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .32
12.7 Suicide rate per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .33
13 Recreation .33
13.1 Square meters of public indoor recreation space per capita (supporting indicator) .33
13.2 Square meters of public outdoor recreation space per capita (supporting indicator) .34
14 Safety .35
14.1 Number of police officers per 100 000 population (core indicator) .35
14.2 Number of homicides per 100 000 population (core indicator) .36
14.3 Crimes against property per 100 000 (supporting indicator) .36
14.4 Response time for police department from initial call (supporting indicator) .37
14.5 Violent crime rate per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .37
15 Shelter.38
15.1 Percentage of city population living in slums (core indicator) .38
15.2 Number of homeless per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .39
15.3 Percentage of households that exist without registered legal titles
(supporting indicator) .39
16 Solid waste .39
16.1 Percentage of city population with regular solid waste collection (residential)
(core indicator) .39
16.2 Total collected municipal solid waste per capita (core indicator) .40
16.3 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is recycled (core indicator) .41
16.4 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is disposed of in a sanitary landfill
(supporting indicator) .42
16.5 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is disposed of in an incinerator
(supporting indicator) .43
16.6 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is burned openly (supporting indicator) .43
16.7 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is disposed of in an open dump
(supporting indicator) .44
16.8 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is disposed of by other means
(supporting indicator) .44
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ISO 37120:2014(E)
16.9 Hazardous Waste Generation per capita (tonnes) (supporting indicator) .45
16.10 Percentage of the city’s hazardous waste that is recycled (supporting indicator) .46
17 Telecommunication and innovation .47
17.1 Number of internet connections per 100 000 population (core indicator) .47
17.2 Number of cell phone connections per 100 000 population (core indicator) .47
17.3 Number of landline phone connections per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .48
18 Transportation .48
18.1 Kilometres of high capacity public transport system per 100 000 population
(core indicator) .48
18.2 Kilometres of light passenger public transport system per 100 000 population
(core indicator) .49
18.3 Annual number of public transport trips per capita (core indicator) .49
18.4 Number of personal automobiles per capita (core indicator) .50
18.5 Percentage of commuters using a travel mode to work other than a personal vehicle
(supporting indicator) .50
18.6 Number of two-wheel motorized vehicles per capita (supporting indicator) .51
18.7 Kilometres of bicycle paths and lanes per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .52
18.8 Transportation fatalities per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .52
18.9 Commercial air connectivity (number of non-stop commercial air destinations)
(supporting indicator) .53
19 Urban planning .53
19.1 Green area (hectares) per 100 000 population (core indicator) .53
19.2 Annual number of trees planted per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .54
19.3 Areal size of informal settlements as a percentage of city area (supporting indicator) .54
19.4 Jobs/housing ratio (supporting indicator) .55
20 Wastewater .56
20.1 Percentage of city population served by wastewater collection (core indicator) .56
20.2 Percentage of the city’s wastewater that has received no treatment (core indicator) .56
20.3 Percentage of the city’s wastewater receiving primary treatment (core indicator) .57
20.4 Percentage of the city’s wastewater receiving secondary treatment (core indicator) .57
20.5 Percentage of the city’s wastewater receiving tertiary treatment (core indicator) .58
21 Water and sanitation .59
21.1 Percentage of city population with potable water supply service (core indicator) .59
21.2 Percentage of city population with sustainable access to an improved water source
(core indicator) .59
21.3 Percentage of population with access to improved sanitation (core indicator) .60
21.4 Total domestic water consumption per capita (litres/day) (core indicator).60
21.5 Total water consumption per capita (litres/day) (supporting indicator) .61
21.6 Average annual hours of water service interruption per household
(supporting indicator) .62
21.7 Percentage of water loss (unaccounted for water) (supporting indicator) .63
22 Reporting and record maintenance .63
Annex A (informative) City indicators .64
Annex B (informative) Profile indicators .69
Bibliography .71
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ISO 37120:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 268, Sustainable development in communities.
vi © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO 37120:2014(E)
Introduction
Cities need indicators to measure their performance. Existing indicators are often not standardized,
consistent, or comparable over time or across cities.
As part of a new series of International Standards being developed for a holistic and integrated approach
to sustainable development and resilience, this set of standardized indicators provides a uniform
approach to what is measured, and how that measurement is to be undertaken. As a list, it does not
provide a value judgement, or threshold or a target numerical value for the indicators.
Conformance with this standard does not confer a status in this regard. A city which conforms to this
standard in regards to measurement of indicators for city services and quality of life may only claim
compliance to that effect.
These indicators can be used to track and monitor progress on city performance. In order to achieve
sustainable development, the whole city system needs to be taken into consideration. Planning for
future needs must take into consideration current use and efficiency of resources in order to better plan
for tomorrow.
The indicators and associated test methods in this International Standard have been developed in order
to help cities:
a) measure performance management of city services and quality of life over time;
b) learn from one another by allowing comparison across a wide range of performance measures; and,
c) share best practices.
NOTE It is acknowledged that cities may not have direct influence or control over factors governing some of
these indicators, but the reporting is important for meaningful comparison and provides a general indication of
service delivery and quality of life within a city.
The indicators in this International Standard have been selected to make reporting as simple and
inexpensive as possible, and therefore reflect an initial platform for reporting. Further development of
indicators to support sustainable development and resilience in cities is on-going in TC268.
The indicators are structured around themes. Recognizing the differences in resources and capabilities
of cities worldwide, the overall set of indicators for city performance has been divided into “core”
indicators (those implementing this International Standard shall follow) and “supporting” indicators,
(those implementing this International Standard should follow). Both core and supporting indicators
are listed in Annex A, Table A.1. In addition, profile indicators, which provide basic statistics and
background information to help cities determine which cities are of interest for comparisons, are
included in Annex B, Table B.1, as a reference.
In this International Standard, the following verbal forms are used:
— “shall” indicates a requirement;
— “should” indicates a recommendation;
— “may” indicates a permission;
— “can” indicates a possibility or a capability.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 37120:2014(E)
Sustainable development of communities — Indicators for
city services and quality of life
1 Scope
This International Standard defines and establishes methodologies for a set of indicators to steer and
measure the performance of city services and quality of life. It follows the principles set out and can be
used in conjunction with ISO 37101:—, Sustainable development in communities — Management systems
— General principles and requirements, when published, and other strategic frameworks.
This International Standard is applicable to any city, municipality or local government that undertakes
to measure its performance in a comparable and verifiable manner, irrespective of size and location.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 37101:—, Sustainable development and resilience of communities — Management systems — General
principles and requirements
ISO 1996-2:—, Acoustics Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise — Part 2:
Determination of environmental noise levels
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 37101, and the following apply.
3.1
city
urban community falling under a specific administrative boundary, commonly referred to as a city,
municipality or local government
3.2
indicator
a quantitative, qualitative or descriptive measure
[SOURCE: ISO 15392:2008, 3.14]
Note 1 to entry: Indicators in this standard are divided into:
a) core indicators: indicators that are required to demonstrate performance in the delivery of city services and
quality of life.
b) supporting indicators: indicators that are recommended to demonstrate performance in the delivery of city
services and quality of life.
c) profile indicators: indicators that provide basic statistics and background information to help cities determine
which cities are of interest for peer co
...
ISO 37120
Sustainable
development
of communities
Indicators for city services
and quality of life
First edition
2014-05-15
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Our vision Our process
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Copyright protected document
ISO/TC 268, Sustainable development of
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise
communities.
specified, no part of this publication may
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© ISO 2014, Published in Switzerland
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
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Web www.iso.org
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO 37120:2014
Executive summary
— ISO 37120 establishes definitions that undertakes to measure its perfor-
and methodologies for a set of city indica- mance in a comparable and verifiable man-
tors to steer and measure delivery of city ner, irrespective of size and location.
services and quality of life. As part of a
new series of International Standards be- — The indicators can be used to track
ing developed for a holistic and integrated and monitor a city’s progress on city ser-
approach to sustainable development and vice performance and quality of life and as-
resilience, this set of standardized indica- sist cities in setting targets and monitoring
tors provides a uniform approach to what achievements. In order to achieve sustain-
is measured, and how that measurement is able development, the whole city system
to be undertaken. needs to be taken into consideration.
Planning for future needs must take into
— The requirements contained in this consideration current use and efficiency of
International Standard are applicable to resources in order to better plan for tomor-
any city, municipality or local government row.
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ISO 37120:2014
Contents Page
Our vision .2
Our mission .2
Our process .2
Copyright protected document .2
Executive summary .3
Foreword .9
Introduction .10
1 Scope .12
2 Normative references .12
3 Terms and definitions .12
4 City indicators .14
5 Economy .15
5.1 City’s unemployment rate (core indicator) .15
5.2 Assessed value of commercial and industrial properties as a percentage of total assessed
value of all properties (core indicator) .16
5.3 Percentage of city population living in poverty (core indicator).16
5.4 Percentage of persons in full-time employment (supporting indicator) .17
5.5 Youth unemployment rate (supporting indicator) .18
5.6 Number of businesses per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .19
5.7 Number of new patents per 100 000 population per year (supporting indicator) .20
6 Education .20
6.1 Percentage of female school-aged population enrolled in schools (core indicator) . .20
6.2 Percentage of students completing primary education: survival rate (core indicator).21
6.3 Percentage of students completing secondary education: survival rate (core indicator) 22
6.4 Primary education student/teacher ratio (core indicator) .23
6.5 Percentage of male school-aged population enrolled in schools (supporting indicator) 24
6.6 Percentage of school-aged population enrolled in schools (supporting indicator) .25
6.7 Number of higher education degrees per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .26
7 Energy .26
7.1 Total residential electrical energy use per capita (kWh/year) (core indicator) .26
7.2 Percentage of city population with authorized electrical service (core indicator) .27
7.3 Energy consumption of public buildings per year (kWh/m²) (core indicator) .28
7.4 The percentage of total energy derived from renewable sources, as a share of the city’s
total energy consumption (core indicator) .28
7.5 Total electrical energy use per capita (kWh/year) (supporting indicator) .29
7.6 Average number of electrical interruptions per customer per year
(supporting indicator) .30
7.7 Average length of electrical interruptions (in hours) (supporting indicator) .31
8 Environment .32
8.1 Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration (core indicator) .32
8.2 Particulate matter (PM10) concentration (core indicator) .33
8.3 Greenhouse gas emissions measured in tonnes per capita (core indicator).34
8.4 NO (nitrogen dioxide) concentration (supporting indicator) .35
2
8.5 SO (sulphur dioxide) concentration (supporting indicator) .36
2
8.6 O (Ozone) concentration (supporting indicator) .37
3
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ISO 37120:2014
8.7 Noise pollution (supporting indicator) .37
8.8 Percentage change in number of native species (supporting indicator) .38
9 Finance .39
9.1 Debt service ratio (debt service expenditure as a percentage of a municipality’s own-
source revenue) (core indicator) .39
9.2 Capital spending as a percentage of total expenditures (supporting indicator) .40
9.3 Own-source revenue as a percentage of total revenues (supporting indicator).40
9.4 Tax collected as a percentage of tax billed (supporting indicator) .41
10 Fire and emergency response .42
10.1 Number of firefighters per 100 000 population (core indicator) .42
10.2 Number of fire related deaths per 100 000 population (core indicator) .42
10.3 Number of natural disaster related deaths per 100 000 population (core indicator) .43
10.4 Number of volunteer and part-time firefighters per 100 000 population
(supporting indicator) .44
10.5 Response time for emergency response services from initial call (supporting indicator) 44
10.6 Response time for fire department from initial call (supporting indicator) .45
11 Governance .46
11.1 Voter participation in last municipal election (as a percentage of eligible voters)
(core indicator) .46
11.2 Women as a percentage of total elected to city-level office (core indicator) .47
11.3 Percentage of women employed in the city government workforce
(supporting indicator) .47
11.4 Number of convictions for corruption and/or bribery by city officials per 100 000
population (supporting indicator) .48
11.5 Citizens’ representation: number of local officials elected to office per 100 000 population
(supporting indicator) .48
11.6 Number of registered voters as a percentage of the voting age population
(supporting indicator) .49
12 Health .50
12.1 Average life expectancy (core indicator) .50
12.2 Number of in-patient hospital beds per 100 000 population (core indicator) .50
12.3 Number of physicians per 100 000 population (core indicator) .51
12.4 Under age five mortality per 1 000 live births (core indicator) .52
12.5 Number of nursing and midwifery personnel per 100 000 population
(supporting indicator) .53
12.6 Number of mental health practitioners per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) 54
12.7 Suicide rate per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .54
13 Recreation .55
13.1 Square meters of public indoor recreation space per capita (supporting indicator) .55
13.2 Square meters of public outdoor recreation space per capita (supporting indicator) .56
14 Safety .57
14.1 Number of police officers per 100 000 population (core indicator) .57
14.2 Number of homicides per 100 000 population (core indicator) .58
14.3 Crimes against property per 100 000 (supporting indicator) .59
14.4 Response time for police department from initial call (supporting indicator) .59
14.5 Violent crime rate per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .60
15 Shelter.61
15.1 Percentage of city population living in slums (core indicator) .61
15.2 Number of homeless per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .62
15.3 Percentage of households that exist without registered legal titles
(supporting indicator) .63
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ISO 37120:2014
16 Solid waste .63
16.1 Percentage of city population with regular solid waste collection (residential)
(core indicator) .63
16.2 Total collected municipal solid waste per capita (core indicator) .65
16.3 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is recycled (core indicator) .66
16.4 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is disposed of in a sanitary landfill
(supporting indicator) .67
16.5 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is disposed of in an incinerator
(supporting indicator) .68
16.6 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is burned openly (supporting indicator) .69
16.7 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is disposed of in an open dump
(supporting indicator) .70
16.8 Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is disposed of by other means
(supporting indicator) .70
16.9 Hazardous Waste Generation per capita (tonnes) (supporting indicator) .71
16.10 Percentage of the city’s hazardous waste that is recycled (supporting indicator) .73
17 Telecommunication and innovation .73
17.1 Number of internet connections per 100 000 population (core indicator) .73
17.2 Number of cell phone connections per 100 000 population (core indicator) .74
17.3 Number of landline phone connections per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) 75
18 Transportation .75
18.1 Kilometres of high capacity public transport system per 100 000 population
(core indicator) .75
18.2 Kilometres of light passenger public transport system per 100 000 population
(core indicator) .76
18.3 Annual number of public transport trips per capita (core indicator) .77
18.4 Number of personal automobiles per capita (core indicator) .78
18.5 Percentage of commuters using a travel mode to work other than a personal vehicle
(supporting indicator) .78
18.6 Number of two-wheel motorized vehicles per capita (supporting indicator) .80
18.7 Kilometres of bicycle paths and lanes per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .80
18.8 Transportation fatalities per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .81
18.9 Commercial air connectivity (number of non-stop commercial air destinations)
(supporting indicator) .82
19 Urban planning .83
19.1 Green area (hectares) per 100 000 population (core indicator) .83
19.2 Annual number of trees planted per 100 000 population (supporting indicator) .83
19.3 Areal size of informal settlements as a percentage of city area (supporting indicator) .84
19.4 Jobs/housing ratio (supporting indicator) .85
20 Wastewater .86
20.1 Percentage of city population served by wastewater collection (core indicator) .86
20.2 Percentage of the city’s wastewater that has received no treatment (core indicator) .87
20.3 Percentage of the city’s wastewater receiving primary treatment (core indicator) .87
20.4 Percentage of the city’s wastewater receiving secondary treatment (core indicator) .88
20.5 Percentage of the city’s wastewater receiving tertiary treatment (core indicator) .89
21 Water and sanitation .90
21.1 Percentage of city population with potable water supply service (core indicator) .90
21.2 Percentage of city population with sustainable access to an improved water source
(core indicator) .91
21.3 Percentage of population with access to improved sanitation (core indicator) .92
21.4 Total domestic water consumption per capita (litres/day) (core indicator).93
21.5 Total water consumption per capita (litres/day) (supporting indicator) .94
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ISO 37120:2014
21.6 Average annual hours of water service interruption per household
(supporting indicator) .95
21.7 Percentage of water loss (unaccounted for water) (supporting indicator) .96
22 Reporting and record maintenance .96
Annex A (informative) City indicators .97
Annex B (informative) Profile indicators .103
Bibliography .105
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ISO 37120:2014
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide fed-
eration of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of pre-
paring International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that com-
mittee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechni-
cal standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its fur-
ther maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular
the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents
should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial
rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document
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Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 268, Sustainable devel-
opment in communities.
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO 37120:2014
Introduction
Cities need indicators to measure their performance. Existing indicators are
often not standardized, consistent, or comparable over time or across cities.
As part of a new series of International Standards being developed for a holistic
and integrated approach to sustainable development and resilience, this set of
standardized indicators provides a uniform approach to what is measured, and
how that measurement is to be undertaken. As a list, it does not provide a value
judgement, or threshold or a target numerical value for the indicators.
Conformance with this standard does not confer a status in this regard. A city
which conforms to this standard in regards to measurement of indicators for
city services and quality of life may only claim compliance to that effect.
These indicators can be used to track and monitor progress on city perfor-
mance. In order to achieve sustainable development, the whole city system
needs to be taken into consideration. Planning for future needs must take into
consideration current use and efficiency of resources in order to better plan for
tomorrow.
The indicators and associated test methods in this International Standard have
been developed in order to help cities:
a) measure performance management of city services and quality of life over
time;
b) learn from one another by allowing comparison across a wide range of per-
formance measures; and,
c) share best practices.
NOTE It is acknowledged that cities may not have direct influence or control over
factors governing some of these indicators, but the reporting is important for meaning-
ful comparison and provides a general indication of service delivery and quality of life
within a city.
The indicators in this International Standard have been selected to make
reporting as simple and inexpensive as possible, and therefore reflect an initial
platform for reporting. Further development of indicators to support sustain-
able development and resilience in cities is on-going in TC268.
The indicators are structured around themes. Recognizing the differences in
resources and capa
...
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