ISO/TS 18101-2

Automation systems and integration — Asset-intensive industry interoperability — Part 2: Vocabulary

This document establishes a vocabulary of terms, with their definitions, as used in the ISO 18101 series of standards that apply to the domain of asset intensive industry interoperability.

Systèmes d'automatisation et intégration — Interopérabilité pour les industries nécessitant des ressources importantes — Partie 2: Vocabulaire

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 01.040.25 - Manufacturing engineering (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 25.040.40 - Industrial process measurement and control
• ICS: 75.020 - Extraction and processing of petroleum and natural gas
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 184 - Automation systems and integration
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 184/WG 6 - Asset intensive industry interoperability
• Current Stage: 6000 - International Standard under publication
• Start Date: 08-Apr-2026
• Completion Date: 25-Apr-2026

Overview

ISO/TS 18101-2, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), defines a standardized vocabulary for automation systems and integration in asset-intensive industries. As Part 2 of the ISO 18101 series, this document provides essential terminology and definitions needed to achieve interoperability across sectors such as oil and gas, mining, utilities, manufacturing, and other industries where large-scale physical assets are fundamental. By fostering a common understanding of key terms, ISO/TS 18101-2 helps organizations, system integrators, and technology providers align communications, enhance integration, and implement neutral, vendor-independent solutions for industrial digital transformation.

Key Topics

• Standardized Vocabulary: Provides clear definitions for terms specific to asset-intensive industry interoperability, supporting the entire ISO 18101 series and related digital transformation initiatives.
• Interoperability: Establishes common language around the capability of different systems and entities to exchange information, goods, or services according to defined mechanisms and rules.
• Asset Management: Supports consistent terminology for assets, digital assets, and data sets, facilitating effective life cycle management and compliance with asset management standards.
• Digital Ecosystems: Defines concepts such as digital twin, digital asset, and digital ecosystem, which are vital for integrating operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT) in modern industrial environments.
• Data Quality and Portability: Clarifies terms related to data quality, validation, and portability to help organizations improve data integrity, lower risks, and reduce redundant efforts in digital business transformation.
• Reference Architectures and Models: Introduces terminology for reference architectures, information models, industry standards, and reference data libraries essential for establishing and federating open, interoperable digital ecosystems.
• Business Processes: Offers precise definitions for primary and secondary business processes, capital projects, and industry-standard datasheets, supporting efficient organizational operations and project delivery.

Applications

ISO/TS 18101-2 is practically applied in various scenarios across asset-intensive sectors, including:

• Cross-Enterprise Integration: Enables seamless collaboration among asset owners, operators, equipment suppliers, EPCs (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction companies), and software vendors by standardizing the language used in integration projects.
• Digital Transformation: Forms the foundation for digital ecosystem initiatives such as the Open Industrial Interoperability Ecosystem (OIIE), helping companies create scalable, adaptable, and sustainable digital infrastructures.
• System Implementation and Compliance: Provides mandatory vocabulary referenced in all parts of the ISO 18101 series, ensuring all stakeholders use consistent definitions during implementation, audits, and compliance assessments.
• Training and Documentation: Serves as a reference for technical writing, workforce training, and user documentation, reducing misunderstandings and facilitating knowledge transfer across disciplines and geographies.
• Innovation and Vendor Neutrality: Promotes the use of vendor-neutral terms to avoid proprietary silos and support open industry solutions that are compatible across multiple platforms and suppliers, reducing risks in automation and IT projects.

Related Standards

• ISO 18101-1: Automation systems and integration - Asset-intensive industry interoperability - Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles.
• ISO 55000 Series: Asset management - Providing principles and guidance on effective asset management across industries.
• ISO 8000 Series: Covers concepts related to data quality and data management.
• ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288: Systems and software engineering - System life cycle processes.
• ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765: Systems and software engineering - Vocabulary.
• IEC Electropedia and ISO Online Browsing Platform: Comprehensive online terminology sources for international standardization.

Implementing ISO/TS 18101-2 ensures alignment, interoperability, and efficiency across projects and organizations operating in asset-intensive industries, paving the way for successful digital integration and transformation.

Standards Content (Sample)

FINAL DRAFT
Technical
Specification
ISO/DTS 18101-2
ISO/TC 184
Automation systems and
Secretariat: AFNOR
integration — Asset-intensive
Voting begins on:
industry interoperability —
2026-02-10
Part 2:
Voting terminates on:
2026-04-07
Vocabulary
Systèmes d'automatisation et intégration — Interopérabilité
entre les industries du pétrole et du gaz —
Partie 2: Vocabulaire
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/DTS 18101-2:2026(en) © ISO 2026

FINAL DRAFT
ISO/DTS 18101-2:2026(en)
Technical
Specification
ISO/DTS 18101-2
ISO/TC 184
Automation systems and
Secretariat: AFNOR
integration — Asset-intensive
Voting begins on:
industry interoperability —
Part 2:
Voting terminates on:
Vocabulary
Systèmes d'automatisation et intégration — Interopérabilité
entre les industries du pétrole et du gaz —
Partie 2: Vocabulaire
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2026
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DTS 18101-2:2026(en) © ISO 2026

ii
ISO/DTS 18101-2:2026(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Bibliography . 5
Index . 6

iii
ISO/DTS 18101-2:2026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent
rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of
patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration.
A list of all parts in the ISO 18101 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
ISO/DTS 18101-2:2026(en)
Introduction
Asset-intensive industries are typically defined by sectors where physical assets play a critical role.
Examples of such industries include:
— Oil and Gas, that relies on rigs, pipelines, and refineries for exploration, production, and distribution;
— Mining, that depends on heavy machinery, excavators, and processing plants to extract and refine
resources;
— Utilities, that use power plants, grids, and water treatment facilities to deliver electricity, gas, or water;
— Manufacturing, that employs factories, assembly lines, and equipment to produce goods such as cars or
electronics;
— Transportation, that operates fleets of planes, trains, trucks, or ships as well as roads, bridges and
tunnels, for moving goods and people;
— Chemical Processing, that operates plants and reactors to produce chemicals, fertilizers, or
pharmaceuticals;
— Aerospace, that maintains aircraft, hangars, and testing facilities for production and operations;
— Construction, that utilizes cranes, bulldozers, and temporary infrastructure for building projects;
— Telecommunications, that depend on towers, cables, and data centres to provide network services;
— Forestry and Paper, that use logging equipment, mills, and factories to process timber into products.
Such industries invest heavily in physical assets, making the management and maintenance of these assets
essential. While they are characterized as industry sectors, collectively, they also form a substantial portion
of public/private infrastructure in most developed and developing nations.
Asset-intensive industries typically struggle to adopt digital tools for key business tasks. For example:
— industrial systems cannot easily connect like consumer electronics do;
— finding and using information for designing industrial plants is time-consuming and costly;
— operating and maintaining these plants, platforms, and facilities safely and profitably is also challenging.
These problems are a common root cause of delays and cost overruns in projects. They also make operations
and maintenance less efficient over time. These industries need a better way to manage risks throughout
the life of the plant, platform, facilities, or other infrastructure's lives.
Despite some progress, many asset-intensive industries still have inefficient practices. Many issues come
from working in separate “silos.” This affects asset management across different stages and companies.
Suppliers and equipment manufacturers also frequently work in their own silos. Efforts to solve these issues
have not always been successful. Current industry solutions often strengthen these silos instead. Digital
transformation could help solve these problems. However, industry lacks a practical, neutral plan to achieve
this.
The digital ecosystem concept has been developed and applied to achieve improved levels of interoperability
within an ecosystem in the consumer sector, and some industry sectors, but most often within their
respective sectors. These ecosystems are often proprietary to the supplier or vendor which provides them to
their customers thus creating silos limiting interoperability with other applications, systems, platforms and
digital ecosystems provided by other suppliers and vendors. The asset-intensive industry sectors include
many such silos, and they are often interdependent with other silos in other sectors, so an inclusive supplier
and vendor neutral digital ecosystem for these sectors must be able to adapt and federate as required.
Banking and finance have made significant progress with open standards as has the electronics sector. Oil
and gas share most tools and practices with other process industries and many such tools and practices with

v
ISO/DTS 18101-2:2026(en)
other asset-intensive industry sectors. This creates the opportunity to build a federated digital ecosystem
that can be shared using published, supplier and vendor neutral standards, since no single supplier or vendor
provides everything.
[1]
Standards such as the ISO 55000:2024 series guide good asset management practices. The ISO 18101
series shows how to implement them using a supplier and vendor neutral industrial digital ecosystem. It
helps decision-makers and experts understand and implement pragmatic solutions addressing requirements
captured in standard industry use cases. The Open Industrial Interoperability Ecosystem (OIIE) is such a
published, vendor and supplier neutral ecosystem specification. The IT/OT architecture and industry use
cases of the OIIE specification are defined according
...

ISO/DTS 18101-2
ISO/TC 184
ISO/CD TS 18101-2(en)
Secretariat:  AFNOR
Date: 2026-01-26
Automation systems and integration — Asset-intensive industry
interoperability —
Part 2:
Vocabulary
Systèmes d'automatisation et intégration — Interopérabilité entre les industries du pétrole et du gaz —
Partie 2: Vocabulaire
ISO/CD TSDTS 18101-2:20252026(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/CD TSDTS 18101-2:20252026(en)
Contents
Foreword . Error! Bookmark not defined.
Introduction . Error! Bookmark not defined.
Scope . Error! Bookmark not defined.
Normative references . Error! Bookmark not defined.
Terms and definitions . Error! Bookmark not defined.
(informative) Alphabetical list of terms . Error! Bookmark not defined.
Bibliography . Error! Bookmark not defined.
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Bibliography . 7
Index 8
iii
ISO/CD TSDTS 18101-2:20252026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights
identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent
declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184 WG6,, Automation systems and integration.
A list of all parts in the ISO 18101 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/CD TSDTS 18101-2:20252026(en)
Introduction
0.1  General
Asset-intensive industries are typically defined by sectors where physical assets play a critical role.
Examples of such industries include:
— — Oil and Gas, that relies on rigs, pipelines, and refineries for exploration, production, and distribution;
— — Mining, that depends on heavy machinery, excavators, and processing plants to extract and refine
resources;
— — Utilities, that use power plants, grids, and water treatment facilities to deliver electricity, gas, or water;
— — Manufacturing, that employs factories, assembly lines, and equipment to produce goods such as cars or
electronics;
— — Transportation, that operates fleets of planes, trains, trucks, or ships as well as roads, bridges and
tunnels, for moving goods and people;
— — Chemical Processing, that operates plants and reactors to produce chemicals, fertilizers, or
pharmaceuticals;
— — Aerospace, that maintains aircraft, hangars, and testing facilities for production and operations;
— — Construction, that utilizes cranes, bulldozers, and temporary infrastructure for building projects;
— — Telecommunications, that depend on towers, cables, and data centres to provide network services;
— — Forestry and Paper, that use logging equipment, mills, and factories to process timber into products.
Such industries invest heavily in physical assets, making the management and maintenance of these assets
essential. While they are characterized as industry sectors, collectively, they also form a substantial portion of
public/private infrastructure in most developed and developing nations.
Asset-intensive industries typically struggle to adopt digital tools for key business tasks. For example:
— — industrial systems cannot easily connect like consumer electronics do;
— — finding and using information for designing industrial plants is time-consuming and costly;
— — operating and maintaining these plants, platforms, and facilities safely and profitably is also challenging.
These problems are a common root cause of delays and cost overruns in projects. They also make operations
and maintenance less efficient over time. These industries need a better way to manage risks throughout the
life of the plant, platform, facilities, or other infrastructure's lives.
Despite some progress, many asset-intensive industries still have inefficient practices. Many issues come from
working in separate “silos.” This affects asset management across different stages and companies. Suppliers
and equipment manufacturers also frequently work in their own silos. Efforts to solve these issues have not
always been successful. Current industry solutions often strengthen these silos instead. Digital transformation
could help solve these problems. However, industry lacks a practical, neutral plan to achieve this.
v
ISO/CD TSDTS 18101-2:20252026(en)
The digital ecosystem concept has been developed and applied to achieve improved levels of interoperability
within an ecosystem in the consumer sector, and some industry sectors, but most often within their respective
sectors. These ecosystems are often proprietary to the supplier or vendor which provides them to their
customers thus creating silos limiting interoperability with other applications, systems, platforms and digital
ecosystems provided by other suppliers and vendors. The asset-intensive industry sectors include many such
silos, and they are often interdependent with other silos in other sectors, so an inclusive supplier and vendor
neutral digital ecosystem for these sectors must be able to adapt and federate as required.
Banking and finance have made significant progress with open standards as has the electronics sector. Oil and
gas share most tools and practices with other process industries and many such tools and practices with other
asset-intensive industry sectors. This creates the opportunity to build a federated digital ecosystem that can
be shared using published, supplier and vendor neutral standards, since no single supplier or vendor provides
everything.
[1]
Standards such as the ISO 55000ISO 55000 series guide good asset management practices. The ISO 18101
series shows how to implement them using a supplier and vendor neutral industrial digital ecosystem. It helps
decision-makers and experts understand and implement pragmatic solutions addressing requirements
captured in standard industry use cases. The Open Industrial Interoperability Ecosystem (OIIE) is such a
published, vendor and supplier neutral ecosystem specification. The IT/OT architecture and industry use
cases of the OIIE specification are defined according to the IT/OT Cloud Architecture and Standardized Use
[1 [2]
Case Architecture defined in the normative Annex A of ISO/TS 18101-1:2019 .
Field Code Changed
The OIIE emphasises the relationships between different enterprises fullfillingfulfilling different roles in the
digital ecosystem. Figure 1 shows key relationships between asset owner/operators; engineering,
procurement and construction enterprises; and original equipment manufacturers. These representative
relationships support the entire asset life-cycle process.
vi
ISO/CD TSDTS 18101-2:20252026(en)

Figure 1 — OIIE inter-enterprise industrial digital ecosystem architecture
This process builds and maintains operations across companies. The OIIE uses standard industry cases from
published neutral standards. Using existing standards lowers risks of creating new ones. The Oil and Gas
Interoperability (OGI) Pilot tests this system. It includes standard asset types and cases for oil and gas. Many
apply to other asset-intensive industries too.
[1] [2]
ISO/TS 18101-1:2019 ISO/TS 18101-1 lists neutral IT standards for asset management. These standards
work together, tested by the OIIE/OGI Pilot. Industry solutions are also checked for compatibility. Three
phases of the pilot have validated core methods. New pilot results will be shared in future reports. This
approach offers a practical, neutral base for digital transformation.
[1] [2]
Using ISO/TS 18101-1:2019 ISO/TS 18101-1 could improve cost and risk management as it relies on
existing standards and widely accepted methods.
vii
ISO/CD TSDTS 18101-2:20252026(en)
This document establishes a vocabulary of terms, with their definitions, applied in the field of interoperability
in asset-intensive industries. Only terms which are particular to the pertinent field, or which in this field are
defined in a particular way, are included.
As future parts of the ISO 18101 series are developed, new terms and definitions shall be added to this
document and regular updated editions shall be published.
In each new published part of the ISO 18101 series, clause 3 of each new document shall contain the text “For
the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 18101-2 apply”.
0.2 Organization of the series
This series will contain the following:
— Part 1 is the overview and framework;
— Part 2 (this document) is the vocabulary;
— Part 3 will be used for piloted OIIE industry use-cases.
0.3 Organization of the vocabulary
This vocabulary contains the f
...