oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023

Packaging - Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) for non-dangerous goods (ISO/DIS 21898:2023)

ISO 21898:2004 specifies materials, construction and design requirements, type test, certification and marking requirements for flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) intended to contain non-dangerous solid materials in powder, granular or paste form, and designed to be lifted from above by integral or detachable devices.
Guidance is also provided on the selection and safe usage of FIBCs.

Verpackung - Flexible Großpackmittel (FIBC) für nichtgefährliche Güter (ISO/DIS 21898:2023)

Emballages - Grands récipients vrac souples (GRVS) pour matières non dangereuses (ISO/DIS 21898:2023)

L'ISO 21898:2004 spécifie les matériaux, les critères de conception et de réalisation, les épreuves de qualification, ainsi que les exigences d'homologation et de marquage pour les grands récipients vrac souples (GRVS) destinés à contenir des matériaux solides non dangereux, granulés, pulvérulents ou pâteux, et conçus pour être manutentionnés par le haut, par l'intermédiaire d'organes de préhension intégrés ou amovibles.
L'ISO 21898:2004 comporte également des indications sur les critères de choix des GRVS et sur les règles de sécurité à respecter par les utilisateurs.

Embalaža - Prožni vsebniki FIBC za nenevarne snovi (ISO/DIS 21898:2023)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 24-Jul-2023
• ICS: 55.180.99 - Other standards related to freight distribution of goods
• Technical Committee: EPO - Packaging - sales and grouped
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Jun-2023
• Due Date: 19-Oct-2023
• Completion Date: 02-Aug-2023
• Ref Project: prEN ISO 21898 - Packaging - Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) for non-dangerous goods (ISO/DIS 21898:2023)

Relations

• Revises: SIST EN ISO 21898:2006 - Packaging - Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) for non-dangerous goods (ISO 21898:2004)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023
01-julij-2023
Embalaža - Prožni vsebniki FIBC za nenevarne snovi (ISO/DIS 21898:2023)
Packaging - Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) for non-dangerous goods
(ISO/DIS 21898:2023)
Verpackung - Flexible Großpackmittel (FIBC) für nichtgefährliche Güter (ISO/DIS
21898:2023)
Emballages - Grands récipients vrac souples (GRVS) pour matières non dangereuses
(ISO/DIS 21898:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 21898
ICS:
55.180.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
distribucijo blaga s prevozom freight distribution of goods
oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023

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oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 21898
ISO/TC 122/SC 3 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2023-05-18 2023-08-10
Packaging — Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs)
for non-dangerous goods
Emballages — Grands récipients vrac souples (GRVS) pour matières non dangereuses
ICS: 55.180.99
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 21898:2023(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2023

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oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 21898
ISO/TC 122/SC 3 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:

Packaging — Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs)
for non-dangerous goods
Emballages — Grands récipients vrac souples (GRVS) pour matières non dangereuses
ICS: 55.180.99
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
© ISO 2023
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
ISO copyright office
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
Phone: [phone]
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
Email: [e-mail]
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Website: www.iso.org ISO/DIS 21898:2023(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
Published in Switzerland
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
ii
  © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2023

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oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023
ISO/DIS 21898:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Materials, construction and design .5
4.1 Materials . 5
4.2 Construction . 5
4.3 Design filling height . 5
4.4 Recycled materials . 5
5 Performance . 5
5.1 Type-testing . 5
5.2 Preparation of FIBC for test . 6
5.2.1 Filling . 6
5.2.2 Conditioning . 6
5.3 Test requirements. 6
5.3.1 Cyclic top lift test(s) . 6
5.3.2 Compression/stacking test . 7
6 Certification . 7
7 Marking . . 7
Annex A (normative) Evaluation of the UV resistance .10
Annex B (normative) Cyclic top lift test .12
Annex C (normative) Compression/stacking test .25
Annex D (informative) Guidance on selection and use of FIBCs .26
Annex E (informative) Design of FIBCs .31
Annex F (informative) Optional methods for UV resistance test .36
Bibliography .37
iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023
ISO/DIS 21898:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 21898 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 122, Packaging, Subcommittee SC 3,
Performance requirements and tests for means of packaging, packages and unit loads.
iv
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oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 21898:2023(E)
Packaging — Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs)
for non-dangerous goods
1 Scope
This document specifies materials, construction and design requirements, type test, certification
and marking requirements for flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) intended to contain non-
dangerous solid materials in powder, granular or paste form, and designed to be lifted from above by
integral or detachable devices.
Guidance is also provided on the selection and safe usage of FIBCs.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4892-2, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
ISO 4892-3, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps
ISO 4892-4, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 4: Open-flame carbon-arc
lamps
ISO 12048, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages — Compression and stacking tests using a
compression tester
ISO 13934-1, Textiles — Tensile properties of fabrics — Part 1: Determination of maximum force and
elongation at maximum force using the strip method
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 General
3.1.1
flexible intermediate bulk container
FIBC
intermediate bulk container having the body made of flexible material such as woven plastic fabric or
plastics film, designed to be in contact with the contents, either directly or through an inner liner, and
collapsible when empty
3.1.2
heavy-duty reusable flexible intermediate bulk container
FIBC designed and intended to be used for a multitude of fillings and discharges, and both factory and
field repairable in such a way that the tensile strength across a repair is at least as great as that of the
original
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oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023
ISO/DIS 21898:2023(E)
3.1.3
standard-duty reusable flexible intermediate bulk container
FIBC designed and intended to be used for a limited number of fillings and discharges
Note 1 to entry: An FIBC of this category cannot be reused if damaged, i.e. it is not repairable.
Note 2 to entry: The replacement of a removable inner liner is not considered a repair.
3.1.4
single-trip flexible intermediate bulk container
FIBC designed and intended to be used for one filling only
Note 1 to entry: An FIBC of this category cannot be reused. Neither replacement of an inner liner nor repair of the
FIBC is relevant to this category.
3.1.5
FIBC type
FIBCs of like design, manufactured using like materials and methods of construction (giving at least
equal performance) to the same nominal cross-sectional dimensions
Note 1 to entry: Within a type, the circumference may be increased by up to 10 % by comparison with samples
passing a type test, provided the same geometry is maintained. Where the type has a base discharge spout,
smaller diameter discharge spouts of like design may be used.
Note 2 to entry: The presence or absence of an inner liner does not constitute a change of type.
3.1.6
safe working load
SWL
maximum load which the FIBC may carry in service, as certified
3.1.7
safety factor
SF
integer quotient between the final test load in the cyclic top lift test and the SWL value rounded down
Note 1 to entry: Safety factors may be illustrated as follows (see also B.3.3):
Example 1 Example 2
Designated SWL 500 kg 500 kg
Final load, cyclic test 2 400 kg 2 600 kg
Quotient 4,8 5,2
Integer quotient, rounded down 4 5
Note 2 to entry: The results in Example 1 above indicate a single-trip FIBC which does not meet the requirements
of this International Standard, whilst those in Example 2 indicate a single-trip FIBC which meets the requirements.
3.1.8
lifting device
integral and/or fixed lifting devices which form part of the FIBC and are tested with it
Note 1 to entry: Detachable lifting devices are regarded as lifting tools.
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oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023
ISO/DIS 21898:2023(E)
3.1.9
bulk material
FIBCs are intended to contain solid materials in powder, granular or paste form (see item 1 Scope). The
transport of coarse sharp-edged materials in FIBCs is a non-standard use. Such materials may only be
transported in FIBCs that are marked with a special label. The special label is issued when the FIBCs
have been tested with the intended filling material.
3.2 FIBC parts
3.2.1
walls
tube of one or more layers, seamless or made out of one or more panels joined together
3.2.2
base
that part of the FIBC which is connected to or integral with the walls and forms the base of the standing
FIBC
3.2.3
plain base
base without an opening
3.2.4
base with opening
flat, conical or in another way formed base with an opening
3.2.5
full open base
extensions to the wall(s), forming the base of the FIBC after closing
3.2.6
top
upper part of the FIBC, excluding handling devices, forming the top of the FIBC after closing
3.2.7
body
walls and base of the FIBC
3.2.8
inner liner
integral or removable container which fits into the FIBC
3.3 Operating devices
3.3.1
filling opening
opening for filling the FIBC
3.3.2
filling spout
tube-shaped part at the top for filling the FIBC
3.3.3
filling slit
slit-shaped opening at the top for filling the FIBC
3.3.4
outlet
opening for discharging the FIBC
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oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023
ISO/DIS 21898:2023(E)
3.3.5
discharging spout
tube-shaped part at the base for discharging the FIBC
3.3.6
closing parts
webbing, cords, straps, etc. which are used to close the filling and discharging devices
3.4 Handling devices
3.4.1
supporting and lifting devices
webbings, loops, ropes, eyes, frames or other devices formed from a continuation of the walls of the
FIBC, which are integral or detachable, and are used to support or lift the FIBC
3.4.2
four-point lifting
four lifting devices used simultaneously to lift the FIBC
3.4.3
two-point lifting
two lifting devices used simultaneously to lift the FIBC
3.4.4
one-point lifting
one lifting device, or one or more lifting devices brought to one point for lifting
3.5
safety and protection devices
valves, ventilation devices and additional parts which protect the filling, discharging or handling
devices
3.6
coated and laminated materials
materials having a surface coating or comprising two or more layers laminated together to protect the
contents of the filled FIBC or to protect the environment against the effects of leakage of the contents
3.7 Special treatments
3.7.1
stabilization
modification of the FIBC materials to give better resistance against weathering and ageing
EXAMPLE The addition of an ultraviolet (UV) absorber and/or an antioxidant.
3.7.2
electrostatic conductivity treatment
treatment for modifying the electrostatic behaviour of the FIBC
3.7.3
insect-repellent treatment
treatment for increasing the ability of the FIBC to protect itself and/or its contents against insect attack
3.7.4
flame-retardant treatment
treatment to impart flame resistance to the FIBC
4
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oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023
ISO/DIS 21898:2023(E)
4 Materials, construction and design
4.1 Materials
All categories of FIBC shall be manufactured from flexible materials covered by a written specification.
The FIBC manufacturer shall have an authorized statement of conformity for each separate batch of
materials.
The properties of the materials may be modified by additives to improve the resistance of the materials
against, for example, degradation by heat and sunlight, and to reduce the effect of static electricity.
All load-bearing materials of the FIBC shall be tested in accordance with the test method specified in
Annex A and shall retain at least 50 % of their initial values of the force at rupture and elongation at
rupture.
Other light sources than this specified in Annex A can be used. Details of these other light sources are
given in Annex F (informative).
In case of dispute, the light source specified in Annex A shall be used.
Materials should be chosen and joined together in such a way that recovery is promoted.
4.2 Construction
All stitched seams and joints shall be locked off and/or back sewn, or provided with a minimum 20 mm
tail. All stitched seam-ends shall be secured. The surfaces to be joined by welding, gluing or heat-sealing
shall be clean.
4.3 Design filling height
The designed filling height of the FIBC shall be between 0,5 and 2 times the shortest horizontal
dimension of the FIBC.
NOTE For FIBCs with a circular cross-section, the shortest horizontal dimension is normally the diameter of
the FIBC base, even if the base has square dimensions. For FIBCs with a rectangular base, the shortest horizontal
dimension is normally the shortest side.
4.4 Recycled materials
RM (recycled mono-materials*) can be used for all components of the FIBC.
As long as the following point is observed, there is no percentage restriction on the use of recycled
materials.
— FIBCs from recycled material must fulfil the same test criteria as FIBCs made of virgin material. (see
chapter 5 and annex A)
— If the application allows the use of liners from recycled materials, it has to fulfil the same test criteria
as liners made of virgin material.
* 95 % or more of the same polymer
5 Performance
5.1 Type-testing
All FIBC types shall be subjected to the following tests:
a) cyclic top lift;
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oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023
ISO/DIS 21898:2023(E)
b) compression/stacking test.
At least three specimens of each FIBC type shall be submitted for testing leading to certification. The
specimens shall tested as follows.
— Specimen 1: cyclic top lift test using the FIBC having the shortest vertical dimension.
— Specimen 2: cyclic top lift test using the FIBC having the greatest vertical dimension.
— Specimen 3: compression test using the FIBC having the greatest vertical dimension.
To comply with this International Standard the three specimens shall all withstand the tests.
When the FIBC type has only one fixed vertical dimension, only Specimens 1 and 3 need be submitted
and tested to withstand the tests.
One tested sample shall be durably identified and retained for reference in any later complaint or
arbitration.
Tests shall be carried out at a testing facility capable of meeting the operational provisions of
ISO/IEC 17025.
5.2 Preparation of FIBC for test
5.2.1 Filling
For both the top lift and compression/stacking test, the FIBC shall be filled to the level specified in
accordance with 4.3 by the manufacturer/supplier with a tolerance of between 0 to +5 % of that height.
The FIBC shall be filled with either
a) a material, e.g. plastics granules, having the following mechanical properties:
3 3
— bulk density, 400 kg/m to 900 kg/m ,
— mesh size 3 mm to 12 mm,
— angle of repose 30° to 35°, or
b) the actual contents to be carried, when these are known, and where their use will not itself be a
hazard
NOTE When option b) is chosen, the FIBC type is certified in relation to that specific product only.
5.2.2 Conditioning
The filled FIBC shall be conditioned before testing at ambient temperature and relative humidity.
However, in the event of dispute, testing shall be carried out after conditioning under standard
conditions of (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % relative humidity.
5.3 Test requirements
5.3.1 Cyclic top lift test(s)
Cyclic top lift test(s) shall be carried out in accordance with Annex B and the following criteria shall
apply:
a) there shall be no breakage of any lifting devices to the extent that any of the lifting devices ceases
to support its load; and
b) when tested with an inner liner, there shall be no protrusion of the latter beyond the outer surface
of the FIBC, except through the closure(s), where this is a design feature; and
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oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023
ISO/DIS 21898:2023(E)
c) there shall be no loss of contents; and
d) no deterioration of the body which renders the FIBC unsafe for transport or storage.
A slight discharge during the test (e.g. from closures or stitch holes) should not be considered to be a
failure of the FIBC, provided that no further leakage occurs after the FIBC has been raised clear of the
ground.
5.3.2 Compression/stacking test
The compression/stack test shall be carried out in accordance with Annex C and the following criteria
shall apply:
a) there shall be no loss of contents; and
b) no deterioration of the body which renders the FIBC unsafe for transport or storage.
A slight discharge during the test (e.g. from closures or stitch holes) should not be considered to be a
failure of the FIBC, provided that no further leakage occurs after the FIBC has been raised clear of the
ground.
6 Certification
It is recommended that an FIBC type which conforms to the requirements of this International Standard
should be certified by a body working under appropriate operational provisions (such as those given in
ISO/IEC Guide 65) with a certificate of conformity based on a successful test report(s). ISO/IEC Guide 65
may often be used but it is not a requirement of this International Standard that it shall be used. Where,
however, testing and certification are carried out by the same organization, separate individuals shall
be responsible for the tests and for the certification based on them, and shall be clearly identified in the
documentation.
The certificate shall contain the data shown for the marking specified in Clause 7a) to i) and Clause 7k)
to m), together with
a) the name(s) and address(es) of the certifying body and of the test station(s), together with the
reference(s) and date(s) of the relevant test report(s), and
b) the material used as contents in the cyclic top lift and compression/stacking tests.
A certificate for an FIBC type shall be valid for a period of three years from the date of issue.
An FIBC certified and marked as a single-trip FIBC in conformity with this International Standard shall
not be reused.
An FIBC certified and marked as a reusable (heavy- or standard-duty) FIBC in conformity with this
International Standard shall be reused only with the same type of contents as in the first use.
Reuse of FIBCs with contents differing from those of the first use is not in accordance with this
International Standard.
7 Marking
All FIBCs shall be durably marked by means of a permanently attached and easily visible and readable
label, or durably printed on the body so that it is easily visible and read after the FIBC has been filled.
The following data shall be included:
a) name and address of the manufacturer;
b) manufacturer’s reference, which shall be unique to any one FIBC type;
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oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023
ISO/DIS 21898:2023(E)
c) safe working load (SWL) in kilograms (see Figure 1 as example);
d) safety factor (SF), i.e. 5:1, 6:1 or 8:1 as appropriate (see Figure 1 as example);
e) maximum number of the FIBCs permitted to be stacked on the bottom FIBC (see Figure 1 as
example);
f) test certificate number (which shall be unique to any one type);
g) test certificate date: the month and year in which the type test certificate was issued;
h) name of the approved laboratory;
i) reference to this International Standard;
j) class of FIBC, i.e. “heavy-duty reusable”, “standard-duty reusable” or “single-trip”;
k) date of manufacture of the FIBC, i.e. month and year;
l) handling recommendations / pictograms;
m) details of any special treatments as defined in 3.7;
n) where the FIBC is certified in relation to a specific product, the description of that product shall be
added;
o) name and address of the supplier, if required;
The layout of the label shall be as in Figure 1. Additions of calendars or lists of Safe Working Loads and
Safety Factors to be ticked to are not permitted.
The label description should be contained as Figure 1.
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oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023
ISO/DIS 21898:2023(E)
Figure 1 — example of FIBC label
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oSIST prEN ISO 21898:2023
ISO/DIS 21898:2023(E)
Annex A
(normative)

Evaluation of the UV resistance
A.1 General
FIBCs shall provide adequate resistance to ageing and to degradation caused by ultraviolet radiation
or the climatic conditions, or by the substances contained, thereby rendering them appropriate to
their intended use. For plastics where protection against ultraviolet radiation is required, it shall be
provided by the addition of carbon black or other suitable pigments or inhibitors. These additives shall
be compatible with the contents and remain effective throughout the lifetime of the body. Where use
is made of carbon black, pigments or inhibitors other than those used in the manufacture of the tested
design type, re-testing may be waived if changes in the carbon black content, the pigment content or the
inhibitor content do not adversely affect the physical properties of the material of construction. Certain
types of UV stabilizing additives are rapidly leached out, especially in an alkaline environment. This
should be taken into consideration in applicable situations.
The performance of UV stabilizing additives can be affected by colour and the type of pigment used.
Therefore, each combination of UV stabilizing additive and pigment should be tested separately.
A.2 Principle
The test shall be carried out by exposing specimens to an artificial light source, alternating repetitively
with condensation or atomization. Specimens cut from the load-bearing materials of the FIBC (e.g.
fabric, webbing, rope, sewing thread, glues) are subjected for a specified time period to irradiation
from a type of fluorescent UV lamps with specified spectral distribution.
A.3 Test methods
A.3.1 Apparatus
The apparatus shall be in accordance with ISO 4892-3:2016, using a UVB-313 lamp (type 2) with an
2
irradiance of 0,71 W/m /nm at 310 nm.
A.3.2 Test procedure
A.3.2.1 FIBCs for general use
a) Expose the test specimen to the UV lamp irradiation for 8 h at a black-panel temperature of
(60 ± 3) °C.
b) Turn off the UV lamp and keep
...