oSIST ISO 11174:2025

Workplace air - Determination of particulate cadmium and cadmium compounds - Flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method

This document specifies a method for the determination of the mass concentration of particulate cadmium and cadmium compounds in workplace air, using either flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
The sample digestion procedure specified in 10.2.2 has been validated for a selection of cadmium compounds and pigments and glass enamels containing cadmium.
The analytical method has been validated for the determination of masses of 10 ng to 600 ng of cadmium per sample using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, and 0,15 µg to 96 µg of cadmium per sample using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentration range for cadmium in air for which this procedure is applicable is determined in part by the sampling procedure selected by the user.
The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable or respirable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to stationary sampling.

Air des lieux de travail - Détermination du cadmium particulaire et des composés particulaires du cadmium - Méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique dans la flamme et méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique avec atomisation électrothermique

Zrak na delovnem mestu - Določanje kadmijevega prahu in kadmijevih spojin - Plamenska in elektrotermična atomska absorpcijska spektrometrijska metoda

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 02-Feb-2025
• ICS: 13.040.30 - Workplace atmospheres
• ICS: 71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
• Technical Committee: KAZ - Air quality
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 28-Nov-2024
• Due Date: 17-Apr-2025
• Ref Project: ISO 11174:2023 - Workplace air — Determination of particulate cadmium and cadmium compounds — Flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method

Relations

• Revises: SIST ISO 11174:1997 - Workplace air -- Determination of particulate cadmium and cadmium compounds -- Flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2025

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11174
Second edition
2023-05
Workplace air — Determination
of particulate cadmium and
cadmium compounds — Flame and
electrothermal atomic absorption
spectrometric method
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle . 2
5 Reactions . 3
6 Requirement . 3
7 Reagents . 3
8 Apparatus . 5
9 Sampling . 8
9.1 Sampling procedure . 8
9.1.1 Collection characteristics and flow rate . 8
9.1.2 Sampling period . 8
9.1.3 Temperature and pressure effects . 8
9.2 Preparation of sampling equipment . 9
9.3 Collection of samples . 9
9.4 Transportation . 10
10 Procedure for analysis.10
10.1 Cleaning of glassware and polypropylene bottles . 10
10.2 Preparation of sample solutions and blank test solutions . 11
10.3 Analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry . 11
10.3.1 General . 11
10.3.2 Preparation of calibration solutions .12
10.3.3 Calibration . . .12
10.3.4 Determination .12
10.4 Analysis by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry .13
10.4.1 General .13
10.4.2 Preparation of working calibration solutions .13
10.4.3 Calibration and determination . 13
10.5 Estimation of the instrumental detection limit . 15
11 Expression of results .15
11.1 Calculations . 15
11.2 Performance of the method . 16
11.3 Detection limit and working range . 17
12 Special cases .18
13 Test report .18
Annex A (informative) Typical operating parameters for determination of cadmium by
electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry .20
Bibliography .21
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 2,
Workplace atmospheres.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11174:1996), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— a reference for handling of sampler wall deposits has been added;
— references and definitions have been updated;
— additional editorial changes have been made.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
The health of workers in many industries, such as mining, metal refining, battery manufacture,
foundries, electronics and construction, is at risk through exposure by inhalation of particulate
cadmium and cadmium compounds. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need
to determine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workers' exposure, and this is generally
achieved by making workplace air measurements. This document provides a method for making valid
exposure measurements for cadmium. It is of benefit to: agencies concerned with health and safety
at work, industrial hygienists and other public health professionals, analytical laboratories, industrial
users and workers of metals and metalloids, etc.
The execution of its provisions and the interpretation of the results obtained is entrusted to
appropriately qualified and experienced people.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11174:2023(E)
Workplace air — Determination of particulate cadmium
and cadmium compounds — Flame and electrothermal
atomic absorption spectrometric method
WARNING — Cadmium and cadmium compounds are toxic and are suspected human
[1]
carcinogens . Avoid any exposure by inhalation. Personal protection (e.g. an effective
respirator) shall be used in all cases where exposure to cadmium or cadmium compounds is
possible.
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of the mass concentration of particulate
cadmium and cadmium compounds in workplace air, using either flame or electrothermal atomic
absorption spectrometry.
[2,3]
The sample digestion procedure specified in 10.2.2 has been validated for a selection of cadmium
compounds and pigments and glass enamels containing cadmium.
[2]
The analytical method has been validated for the determination of masses of 10 ng to 600 ng of
cadmium per sample using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, and 0,15 µg to 96 µg of
[3]
cadmium per sample using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentration range for
cadmium in air for which this procedure is applicable is determined in part by the sampling procedure
selected by the user.
The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable or respirable fraction of airborne
particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to stationary sampling.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 648, Laboratory glassware — Single-volume pipettes
ISO 1042, Laboratory glassware — One-mark volumetric flasks
ISO 3585, Borosilicate glass 3.3 — Properties
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 7708, Air quality — Particle size fraction definitions for health-related sampling
ISO 8655-1, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus — Part 1: Terminology, general requirements and user
recommendations
ISO 8655-2, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus — Part 2: Pipettes
ISO 8655-5, Piston-operated volumet
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2025
Zrak na delovnem mestu - Določanje kadmijevega prahu in kadmijevih spojin -
Plamenska in elektrotermična atomska absorpcijska spektrometrijska metoda
Workplace air - Determination of particulate cadmium and cadmium compounds - Flame
and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method
Air des lieux de travail - Détermination du cadmium particulaire et des composés
particulaires du cadmium - Méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique dans la
flamme et méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique avec atomisation
électrothermique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 11174:2023
ICS:
13.040.30 Kakovost zraka na delovnem Workplace atmospheres
mestu
71.040.50 Fizikalnokemijske analitske Physicochemical methods of
metode analysis
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11174
Second edition
2023-05
Workplace air — Determination
of particulate cadmium and
cadmium compounds — Flame and
electrothermal atomic absorption
spectrometric method
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle . 2
5 Reactions . 3
6 Requirement . 3
7 Reagents . 3
8 Apparatus . 5
9 Sampling . 8
9.1 Sampling procedure . 8
9.1.1 Collection characteristics and flow rate . 8
9.1.2 Sampling period . 8
9.1.3 Temperature and pressure effects . 8
9.2 Preparation of sampling equipment . 9
9.3 Collection of samples . 9
9.4 Transportation . 10
10 Procedure for analysis.10
10.1 Cleaning of glassware and polypropylene bottles . 10
10.2 Preparation of sample solutions and blank test solutions . 11
10.3 Analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry . 11
10.3.1 General . 11
10.3.2 Preparation of calibration solutions .12
10.3.3 Calibration . . .12
10.3.4 Determination .12
10.4 Analysis by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry .13
10.4.1 General .13
10.4.2 Preparation of working calibration solutions .13
10.4.3 Calibration and determination . 13
10.5 Estimation of the instrumental detection limit . 15
11 Expression of results .15
11.1 Calculations . 15
11.2 Performance of the method . 16
11.3 Detection limit and working range . 17
12 Special cases .18
13 Test report .18
Annex A (informative) Typical operating parameters for determination of cadmium by
electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry .20
Bibliography .21
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 2,
Workplace atmospheres.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11174:1996), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— a reference for handling of sampler wall deposits has been added;
— references and definitions have been updated;
— additional editorial changes have been made.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
The health of workers in many industries, such as mining, metal refining, battery manufacture,
foundries, electronics and construction, is at risk through exposure by inhalation of particulate
cadmium and cadmium compounds. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need
to determine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workers' exposure, and this is generally
achieved by making workplace air measurements. This document provides a method for making valid
exposure measurements for cadmium. It is of benefit to: agencies concerned with health and safety
at work, industrial hygienists and other public health professionals, analytical laboratories, industrial
users and workers of metals and metalloids, etc.
The execution of its provisions and the interpretation of the results obtained is entrusted to
appropriately qualified and experienced people.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11174:2023(E)
Workplace air — Determination of particulate cadmium
and cadmium compounds — Flame and electrothermal
atomic absorption spectrometric method
WARNING — Cadmium and cadmium compounds are toxic and are suspected human
[1]
carcinogens . Avoid any exposure by inhalation. Personal protection (e.g. an effective
respirator) shall be used in all cases where exposure to cadmium or cadmium compounds is
possible.
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of the mass concentration of particulate
cadmium and cadmium compounds in workplace air, using either flame or electrothermal atomic
absorption spectrometry.
[2,3]
The sample digestion procedure specified in 10.2.2 has been validated for a selection of cadmium
compounds and pigments and glass enamels containing cadmium.
[2]
The analytical method has been validated for the determination of masses of 10 ng to 600 ng of
cadmium per sample using electrothermal atomic absorption spectr
...