SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
(Main)Petroleum and natural gas industries - Completion fluids and materials - Part 1: Measurement of viscous properties of completion fluids (ISO 13503-1:2011)
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Completion fluids and materials - Part 1: Measurement of viscous properties of completion fluids (ISO 13503-1:2011)
2011-04-08 EMA: Draft for // final vote received in ISO/CS (see notification of 2011-04-05 in dataservice).
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Komplettierungsflüssigkeiten und Materialien - Teil 1: Messung der Fließeigenschaften von Komplettierungsflüssigkeiten (ISO 13503-1:2011)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Fluides de complétion et matériaux - Partie 1: Mesurage des propriétés visqueuses des fluides de complétion (ISO 13503-1:2011)
L'ISO 13503-1:2011 fournit une méthodologie cohérente de détermination de la viscosité des fluides de complétion utilisés dans les industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel. Dans certains cas, des méthodes sont également fournies pour déterminer les propriétés rhéologiques d'un fluide.
Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Tekočine in materiali za zaključna dela - 1. del: Merjenje viskoznosti tekočin za zaključna dela (ISO 13503-1:2011)
Ta del ISO 13503 podaja dosledno metodologijo za določevanje viskoznosti tekočin za zaključna dela, ki se uporabljajo v industriji za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina. V nekaterih primerih so navedene tudi metode za določevanje reoloških lastnosti tekočine.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
01-januar-2012
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2005
SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2005/AC:2008
Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Tekočine in materiali za
zaključna dela - 1. del: Merjenje viskoznosti tekočin za zaključna dela (ISO 13503-
1:2011)
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Completion fluids and materials - Part 1:
Measurement of viscous properties of completion fluids (ISO 13503-1:2011)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Komplettierungsflüssigkeiten und Materialien - Teil 1:
Messung der Fließeigenschaften von Komplettierungsflüssigkeiten (ISO 13503-1:2011)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Fluides de complétion et matériaux - Partie 1:
Mesurage des propriétés visqueuses des fluides de complétion (ISO 13503-1:2011)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13503-1:2011
ICS:
75.100 Maziva Lubricants, industrial oils and
related products
75.180.30 Oprema za merjenje Volumetric equipment and
prostornine in merjenje measurements
SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 13503-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2011
ICS 75.100 Supersedes EN ISO 13503-1:2005
English Version
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Completion fluids and
materials - Part 1: Measurement of viscous properties of
completion fluids (ISO 13503-1:2011)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Fluides de Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Komplettierungsflüssigkeiten
complétion et matériaux - Partie 1: Mesurage des und Materialien - Teil 1: Messung der Fließeigenschaften
propriétés visqueuses des fluides de complétion (ISO von Komplettierungsflüssigkeiten (ISO 13503-1:2011)
13503-1:2011)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 October 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13503-1:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
EN ISO 13503-1:2011 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
EN ISO 13503-1:2011 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 13503-1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Materials,
equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries" in collaboration
with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum,
petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by May 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 13503-1:2005.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13503-1:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 13503-1:2011 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13503-1
Second edition
2011-11-01
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Completion fluids and materials —
Part 1:
Measurement of viscous properties of
completion fluids
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Fluides de complétion et
matériaux — Partie 1: Mesurage des propriétés visqueuses des fluides
de complétion
Reference number
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
3 Measurement and precision . 2
4 Fluid preparation . 2
5 Fluid preparation using shear-history simulation (optional) . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Requirements for proper shear-history simulation . 4
5.3 Conditions for sample delivery . 4
5.4 Conditions for standard shear-history simulation . 4
5.5 Operational considerations . 4
6 Instrument calibration . 4
7 Measurement procedures . 4
7.1 General . 4
7.2 Non-crosslinked fluids (see 2.6) . 5
7.3 Crosslinked polymer and surfactant fluids . 11
8 Calculation procedures .12
8.1 General concepts .12
8.2 Brief review of geometry-independent rheology versus nominal rheology .13
8.3 Limitations/problems that can produce erroneous results .14
8.4 Calculation method for concentric-cylinder viscometers .14
8.5 Calculations for optional shear-history simulation .16
9 Test report .18
Bibliography .20
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13503-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures
for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids,
and well cements.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13503-1:2003), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 13503-1:2003/Cor.1:2005.
ISO 13503 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Completion fluids and materials:
— Part 1: Measurement of viscous properties of completion fluids
— Part 2: Measurement of properties of proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations
— Part 3: Testing of heavy brines
— Part 4: Procedure for measuring stimulation and gravel-pack fluid leakoff under static conditions
— Part 5: Procedures for measuring the long-term conductivity of proppants
— Part 6: Procedure for measuring leakoff of completion fluids under dynamic conditions
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
Introduction
For the purposes of this part of ISO 13503, completion fluids are defined as viscosified treating fluids used
during the completion or workover of a petroleum- or natural-gas-producing well. The objective of this part
of ISO 13503 is to provide a standard procedure for measuring the viscous properties of single-phase, non-
particulate-laden completion fluids. These fluids are viscosified brines, gravel-pack carrier fluids, and fracturing
fluids. These fluids can be either crosslinked or non-crosslinked (aqueous, hydrocarbon- or acid-based).
An optional shear-history simulation procedure is provided for fluids that are potentially shear-sensitive.
This procedure is designed to simulate the shearing effects experienced by a fluid in surface apparatus and
during the time it is being conveyed down the wellbore. Shear-history simulation is most often used during the
development of new fracturing fluids to characterize their sensitivity to shear.
These standard procedures were compiled on the basis of several years of comparative testing, debate,
discussion, and continued research by the industry.
This standard procedure is largely based on API RP 13M, first edition, July 2004.
In this part of ISO 13503, where practical, US Customary units (USC) are included in parentheses for
convenience.
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Completion fluids and
materials —
Part 1:
Measurement of viscous properties of completion fluids
1 Scope
This part of ISO 13503 provides consistent methodology for determining the viscosity of completion fluids used
in the petroleum and natural gas industries. For certain cases, methods are also provided to determine the
rheological properties of a fluid.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
bob
inner cylinder of a concentric-cylinder viscometer
2.2
completion fluid
viscosified treating fluid used during the completion or workover of a petroleum- or natural-gas-producing well
2.3
concentric-cylinder viscometer
rotational viscometer that consists of a concentric-cylindrical bob and a cylindrical rotor
2.4
elasticity
capability of a material to regain its original shape and condition upon removal of an acting stress
2.5
laminar flow
flow property of fluids in which all layers of the fluid move parallel to each other and no material is transferred
between layers
2.6
non-crosslinked fluid
linear, polymer-viscosified solution or any fluid that does not exhibit significant elasticity leading to the
Weissenberg effect (bob climbing)
2.7
rheology
science of the deformation and flow of matter
2.8
rotor
outer rotating cylinder of a concentric-cylinder viscometer
2.9
shear history
sequence of shear rates and temperatures applied to fluids prior to and during measurements
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
2.10
shear-history simulator
apparatus used to simulate shear history in a fluid
2.11
shear rate
rate at which one particle of fluid is sliding by another particle divided by the distance between those particles
2.12
shear stress
force required to sustain fluid flow
2.13
viscoelastic fluid
crosslinked polymer solution or other fluid that exhibits significant elasticity, leading to the Weissenberg effect
(bob climbing)
2.14
viscosity
measure of the internal friction of a fluid when caused to flow by an external force
3 Measurement and precision
Temperatures shall be measured to an accuracy of �1 °C (�2 °F); pH shall be measured to an accuracy of �0,1
units. All other quantitative measurements shall be made to an accuracy of �2 %, unless specified otherwise.
4 Fluid preparation
Certain aspects of sample preparation and handling can affect the viscosity or rheological properties of a fluid.
During all procedures, steps shall be taken to minimize entraining air into the fluid.
The procedure used to prepare the fluid sample shall be documented, including the following information:
a) description and/or composition of the base fluid; preparation of the fluid shall be described, starting with
the fluid source, such as deionized water, tap water, completion brines, produced water, seawater or type
of oil;
b) identification of mixing apparatus, container volume, and total volume of fluid prepared;
c) identification of each fluid component and amount added;
d) the order and method of addition of each component;
e) mixing speeds, with time at each speed;
f) ageing or holding time prior to measurements, if required;
g) temperature;
h) pH (for aqueous fluids);
i) all other aspects of the fluid preparation which are known to affect the outcome of the viscosity measurement,
such as filtration of completion fluids.
2 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
5 Fluid preparation using shear-history simulation (optional)
5.1 General
A shear-history simulation procedure is provided to simulate the effects of shear rate and time while a fluid is
being conveyed down well tubulars. This procedure is intended to characterize the effect of shear history on
fluid properties as part of the concept and development phase for a new fluid.
A shear-history apparatus is used to condition the fluid at specified shear rates, times and temperatures prior to
injection into a viscometer. It consists of mixing apparatus, pumping apparatus and tubing to simulate significant
aspects of the surface apparatus followed by shear conditions in the well tubulars. A shear-history apparatus
that satisfies the requirements can be generically classified as a tube or pipe flow device that operates in the
laminar flow regime. Flow shall occur in a single-pass mode.
A schematic diagram of a shear-history simulator connected to a pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometer is
shown in Figure 1. In laminar flow, the energy dissipation rate is the same in any shear-history apparatus even
if different tubing sizes are used. Thus, the design and functioning of the apparatus can vary and still meet the
desired preconditioning criteria.
Key
1 tubing coil sized to provide shear rate and time
2 differential pressure measurement device (optional)
3 static mixing device
4 high-pressure injection for final additive, e.g. crosslinker or activator
5 high-pressure injection for second additive, if needed
6 base fluid (i.e. non-crosslinked) in piston accumulator
7 hydraulic oil from pump used to displace the base fluid
8 positive displacement pump
9 reservoir for hydraulic oil
10 flow diversion valve
11 collection container for fluid
12 pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometer
1)
NOTE Based on the Chandler Model 5550 viscometer .
Figure 1 — Shear-history simulation diagram
1) Chandler Model 5550 is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved 3
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
5.2 Requirements for proper shear-history simulation
The following procedures shall be followed:
a) record and report the test temperature;
b) ensure thorough mixing of all fluid-activating additive(s) immediately before the fluid enters the shear-history
tubing.
5.3 Conditions for sample delivery
The following conditions shall be fulfilled:
a) continuous delivery of base fluid while additives are added and the cup is being filled;
b) constant shear rate within the shear-history tubing;
c) while fluid is being injected into the viscometer, the shear rate within the gap of the viscometer is a nominal
�1
100 s .
5.4 Conditions for standard shear-history simulation
The following conditions shall be fulfilled:
�1
a) for fluid temperatures less than or equal to 93 °C (200 °F), shear rate 675 s for 2,5 min;
�1
b) for fluid temperatures greater than 93 °C (200 °F), shear rate 1 350 s for 5 min.
5.5 Operational considerations
The following conditions shall be fulfilled:
a) the pulsation caused by certain types of positive displacement pumps shall be minimized;
b) the base fluid shall be prepared, characterized and reported as described in Clause 5;
c) it is critical that a representative sample of the test fluid be injected into the viscometer; therefore, initially
divert the fluid exiting the shear-history simulator away from the viscometer until stabilized flow and
composition are established;
d) unions, valves and similar fittings shall have internal diameters such that the shear rate of the fluid flowing
through them is essentially the same as within the tubing;
e) where the tubing is coiled, the diameter of the coil shall be larger than a critical value (see 8.5.2).
6 Instrument calibration
The instruments associated with these procedures shall be calibrated according to each manufacturer’s
recommended method.
7 Measurement procedures
7.1 General
The procedures given in 7.2 and 7.3 are organized according to the type of fluid on which the measurement is
carried out. Where data are reported as being obtained using a particular procedure, the procedure given shall
be followed exactly. The fluid shall not react with instrument surfaces to generate contaminants, change critical
measurement dimensions, or impair proper mechanical operation.
4 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
7.2 Non-crosslinked fluids (see 2.6)
7.2.1 General
For proper rheological characterization of this type of fluid, the fluid shall wet the walls of the measuring
chamber and remain within the annular gap.
7.2.2 Apparatus
For proper viscometric and rheological characterization, the apparatus used shall meet the following criteria:
a) the flow regime in the annular gap is laminar;
b) slippage of the fluid at the walls within the gap is negligible;
c) the fluid exhibits essentially time-independent behaviour during any given measurement.
2)
7.2.2.1 Non-pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometer , to measure viscous and rheological properties
at ambient pressure and at temperatures below the boiling point of the fluid.
Multiple-point measurements are required for the calculation of rheological parameters.
Any non-pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometer that is described by the following dimensions may be
used (see Figure 2).
a) Rotor, R1:
1) inside diameter equal to 36,83 mm (1,450 in);
2) should be concentric with the bob and extend the full length of the bob;
3) surfaces need to be smooth.
b) Bob, B1:
1) diameter equal to 34,49 mm (1,358 in);
2) cylinder length equal to 38 mm (1,496 in);
3) cylindrical body with a flat, closed bottom and a tapered top with a truncated cone angle of 60°;
4) surfaces need to be smooth.
c) Torsion spring:
1) the equipment is usually supplied with a #1 spring; however, for less viscous fluids, a #0.2 spring may
be appropriate.
2) Examples of non-pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometers are the Fann Model 35 viscometer equipped with rotor 1,
bob 1 (R1B1) and appropriate spring; Chandler Model 3500 equipped with rotor 1, bob 1 (R1B1) and appropriate spring;
OFI Model 800 equipped with rotor 1, bob 1 (R1B1) and appropriate spring; or viscometers with equivalent geometry. This
information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these
products.
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved 5
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
Key
1 torsion spring
2 rotor R1
3 bob B1
4 sample cup
5 stage
Figure 2 — Geometry of a non-pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometer
7.2.2.1.1 Calibration
Calibration shall be carried out according to the manufacturer’s recommended procedure, or using a
standardized Newtonian calibration fluid traceable to an international/national standard such as ISO, ASTM,
DIN, or equivalent.
Calibration oil viscosity shall be selected to encompass the shear rate and shear stress envelopes to be
evaluated.
7.2.2.1.2 Operation
7.2.2.1.2.1 Preparation
Rotor and bob shall be properly aligned. All parts in contact with the fluid shall be at the same temperature as
the fluid. Use of the standard cup provided by the manufacturer is recommended. Other vessels may be used;
however, the vertical space between the bottom of the bob and bottom of the vessel shall be at least 13 mm
(0,50 in).
6 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
7.2.2.1.2.2 Procedure
The non-crosslinked fluid sample to be tested shall be representative of the fluid as a whole, and air entrainment
shall be minimal. After being placed in the viscometer, the fluid is stirred for 10 s to 15 s at the highest shear
rate for which a measurement is to be made. Viscosity measurements should be made from lowest to highest
shear rate. Record the average reading 20 s after the reading is stabilized at each shear rate.
7.2.2.1.3 Calculations
In order to convert a reading in revolutions per minute to the shear rate for the recommended R1B1 combination,
use the following formula:
�1
1 r/min � 1,704 s
2
For shear stress at the bob, use 511 Pa (0,010 66 lb/100 ft) per degree of deflection.
Viscometric calculations shall be performed according to the manufacturer’s specified procedure.
For rheological calculations, see Clause 8.
3)
7.2.2.2 Pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometer , to measure the viscous and rheological properties
of fluids at elevated temperatures.
Pressurization minimizes the effect of entrained air on measured parameters and allows measurements to be
made at temperatures above the atmospheric boiling point of the sample. Multiple-point measurements may
be suitable for determining the rheological parameters of fluids.
Any pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometer that is described by the following dimensions may be used
(see Figure 3).
a) Rotor, R1:
1) inside diameter equal to 36,828 mm (1,450 in);
2) should be concentric with the bob and extend the full length of the bob;
3) surfaces need to be smooth.
b) Bob, B5:
1) diameter equal to 31,934 mm (1,257 in);
2) cylinder length equal to 76,17 mm (2,999 in);
3) surfaces need to be smooth.
7.2.2.2.1 Calibration
Measure the temperature of the fluid being tested according to the manufacturer’s specified procedure, which
shall be traceable to a national/international standard such as ISO, ASTM, DIN, or equivalent.
Measure the rotor or sleeve speed according to the manufacturer’s specified tachometer calibration procedure,
which shall be traceable to a national/international standard such as ISO, ASTM, DIN, or equivalent.
3) Examples of pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometers are the Fann Model 50 viscometer equipped with rotor 1,
bob 5 (R1B5); Chandler Model 5550 viscometer with rotor 1, bob 5 (R1B5), or viscometers with equivalent geometry. This
information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these
products.
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved 7
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
Use one of the following calibration methods.
a) Preferred method:
Verify the system using a standardized Newtonian calibration fluid traceable to a national/international
standard such as ISO, ASTM, DIN, or equivalent. A calibration oil viscosity shall be selected to encompass
the shear rate/shear stress envelope to be evaluated. The calibration shall be conducted at ambient
pressure.
NOTE While the compressibility of aqueous fluids is not significantly affected by the pressure, some calibration
oils, in particular silicone oils, are affected by pressure.
b) Alternative torque-only calibration:
Measure according to the manufacturer’s specified calibration procedure (e.g. hanging weight), which shall
be traceable to a national/international standard such as ISO, ASTM, DIN, or equivalent.
7.2.2.2.2 Operation
7.2.2.2.2.1 Instrument preparation
Pre-heat the thermal bath (if so equipped) to test temperature. All temperatures in this part of ISO 13503 refer
to the actual temperature of the fluid.
7.2.2.2.2.2 Procedure
The following procedures
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
01-januar-2012
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2005
SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2005/AC:2008
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Petroleum and natural gas industries - Completion fluids and materials - Part 1:
Measurement of viscous properties of completion fluids (ISO 13503-1:2011)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Komplettierungsflüssigkeiten und Materialien - Teil 1:
Messung der Fließeigenschaften von Komplettierungsflüssigkeiten (ISO 13503-1:2011)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Fluides de complétion et matériaux - Partie 1:
Mesurage des propriétés visqueuses des fluides de complétion (ISO 13503-1:2011)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13503-1:2011
ICS:
75.180.30 Oprema za merjenje Volumetric equipment and
prostornine in merjenje measurements
SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 13503-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2011
ICS 75.100 Supersedes EN ISO 13503-1:2005
English Version
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Completion fluids and
materials - Part 1: Measurement of viscous properties of
completion fluids (ISO 13503-1:2011)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Fluides de Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Komplettierungsflüssigkeiten
complétion et matériaux - Partie 1: Mesurage des und Materialien - Teil 1: Messung der Fließeigenschaften
propriétés visqueuses des fluides de complétion (ISO von Komplettierungsflüssigkeiten (ISO 13503-1:2011)
13503-1:2011)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 October 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
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© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13503-1:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
EN ISO 13503-1:2011 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
EN ISO 13503-1:2011 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 13503-1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Materials,
equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries" in collaboration
with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum,
petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by May 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 13503-1:2005.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13503-1:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 13503-1:2011 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13503-1
Second edition
2011-11-01
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Completion fluids and materials —
Part 1:
Measurement of viscous properties of
completion fluids
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Fluides de complétion et
matériaux — Partie 1: Mesurage des propriétés visqueuses des fluides
de complétion
Reference number
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
3 Measurement and precision . 2
4 Fluid preparation . 2
5 Fluid preparation using shear-history simulation (optional) . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Requirements for proper shear-history simulation . 4
5.3 Conditions for sample delivery . 4
5.4 Conditions for standard shear-history simulation . 4
5.5 Operational considerations . 4
6 Instrument calibration . 4
7 Measurement procedures . 4
7.1 General . 4
7.2 Non-crosslinked fluids (see 2.6) . 5
7.3 Crosslinked polymer and surfactant fluids . 11
8 Calculation procedures .12
8.1 General concepts .12
8.2 Brief review of geometry-independent rheology versus nominal rheology .13
8.3 Limitations/problems that can produce erroneous results .14
8.4 Calculation method for concentric-cylinder viscometers .14
8.5 Calculations for optional shear-history simulation .16
9 Test report .18
Bibliography .20
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13503-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures
for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids,
and well cements.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13503-1:2003), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 13503-1:2003/Cor.1:2005.
ISO 13503 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Completion fluids and materials:
— Part 1: Measurement of viscous properties of completion fluids
— Part 2: Measurement of properties of proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations
— Part 3: Testing of heavy brines
— Part 4: Procedure for measuring stimulation and gravel-pack fluid leakoff under static conditions
— Part 5: Procedures for measuring the long-term conductivity of proppants
— Part 6: Procedure for measuring leakoff of completion fluids under dynamic conditions
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
Introduction
For the purposes of this part of ISO 13503, completion fluids are defined as viscosified treating fluids used
during the completion or workover of a petroleum- or natural-gas-producing well. The objective of this part
of ISO 13503 is to provide a standard procedure for measuring the viscous properties of single-phase, non-
particulate-laden completion fluids. These fluids are viscosified brines, gravel-pack carrier fluids, and fracturing
fluids. These fluids can be either crosslinked or non-crosslinked (aqueous, hydrocarbon- or acid-based).
An optional shear-history simulation procedure is provided for fluids that are potentially shear-sensitive.
This procedure is designed to simulate the shearing effects experienced by a fluid in surface apparatus and
during the time it is being conveyed down the wellbore. Shear-history simulation is most often used during the
development of new fracturing fluids to characterize their sensitivity to shear.
These standard procedures were compiled on the basis of several years of comparative testing, debate,
discussion, and continued research by the industry.
This standard procedure is largely based on API RP 13M, first edition, July 2004.
In this part of ISO 13503, where practical, US Customary units (USC) are included in parentheses for
convenience.
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Completion fluids and
materials —
Part 1:
Measurement of viscous properties of completion fluids
1 Scope
This part of ISO 13503 provides consistent methodology for determining the viscosity of completion fluids used
in the petroleum and natural gas industries. For certain cases, methods are also provided to determine the
rheological properties of a fluid.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
bob
inner cylinder of a concentric-cylinder viscometer
2.2
completion fluid
viscosified treating fluid used during the completion or workover of a petroleum- or natural-gas-producing well
2.3
concentric-cylinder viscometer
rotational viscometer that consists of a concentric-cylindrical bob and a cylindrical rotor
2.4
elasticity
capability of a material to regain its original shape and condition upon removal of an acting stress
2.5
laminar flow
flow property of fluids in which all layers of the fluid move parallel to each other and no material is transferred
between layers
2.6
non-crosslinked fluid
linear, polymer-viscosified solution or any fluid that does not exhibit significant elasticity leading to the
Weissenberg effect (bob climbing)
2.7
rheology
science of the deformation and flow of matter
2.8
rotor
outer rotating cylinder of a concentric-cylinder viscometer
2.9
shear history
sequence of shear rates and temperatures applied to fluids prior to and during measurements
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
2.10
shear-history simulator
apparatus used to simulate shear history in a fluid
2.11
shear rate
rate at which one particle of fluid is sliding by another particle divided by the distance between those particles
2.12
shear stress
force required to sustain fluid flow
2.13
viscoelastic fluid
crosslinked polymer solution or other fluid that exhibits significant elasticity, leading to the Weissenberg effect
(bob climbing)
2.14
viscosity
measure of the internal friction of a fluid when caused to flow by an external force
3 Measurement and precision
Temperatures shall be measured to an accuracy of �1 °C (�2 °F); pH shall be measured to an accuracy of �0,1
units. All other quantitative measurements shall be made to an accuracy of �2 %, unless specified otherwise.
4 Fluid preparation
Certain aspects of sample preparation and handling can affect the viscosity or rheological properties of a fluid.
During all procedures, steps shall be taken to minimize entraining air into the fluid.
The procedure used to prepare the fluid sample shall be documented, including the following information:
a) description and/or composition of the base fluid; preparation of the fluid shall be described, starting with
the fluid source, such as deionized water, tap water, completion brines, produced water, seawater or type
of oil;
b) identification of mixing apparatus, container volume, and total volume of fluid prepared;
c) identification of each fluid component and amount added;
d) the order and method of addition of each component;
e) mixing speeds, with time at each speed;
f) ageing or holding time prior to measurements, if required;
g) temperature;
h) pH (for aqueous fluids);
i) all other aspects of the fluid preparation which are known to affect the outcome of the viscosity measurement,
such as filtration of completion fluids.
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
5 Fluid preparation using shear-history simulation (optional)
5.1 General
A shear-history simulation procedure is provided to simulate the effects of shear rate and time while a fluid is
being conveyed down well tubulars. This procedure is intended to characterize the effect of shear history on
fluid properties as part of the concept and development phase for a new fluid.
A shear-history apparatus is used to condition the fluid at specified shear rates, times and temperatures prior to
injection into a viscometer. It consists of mixing apparatus, pumping apparatus and tubing to simulate significant
aspects of the surface apparatus followed by shear conditions in the well tubulars. A shear-history apparatus
that satisfies the requirements can be generically classified as a tube or pipe flow device that operates in the
laminar flow regime. Flow shall occur in a single-pass mode.
A schematic diagram of a shear-history simulator connected to a pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometer is
shown in Figure 1. In laminar flow, the energy dissipation rate is the same in any shear-history apparatus even
if different tubing sizes are used. Thus, the design and functioning of the apparatus can vary and still meet the
desired preconditioning criteria.
Key
1 tubing coil sized to provide shear rate and time
2 differential pressure measurement device (optional)
3 static mixing device
4 high-pressure injection for final additive, e.g. crosslinker or activator
5 high-pressure injection for second additive, if needed
6 base fluid (i.e. non-crosslinked) in piston accumulator
7 hydraulic oil from pump used to displace the base fluid
8 positive displacement pump
9 reservoir for hydraulic oil
10 flow diversion valve
11 collection container for fluid
12 pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometer
1)
NOTE Based on the Chandler Model 5550 viscometer .
Figure 1 — Shear-history simulation diagram
1) Chandler Model 5550 is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
5.2 Requirements for proper shear-history simulation
The following procedures shall be followed:
a) record and report the test temperature;
b) ensure thorough mixing of all fluid-activating additive(s) immediately before the fluid enters the shear-history
tubing.
5.3 Conditions for sample delivery
The following conditions shall be fulfilled:
a) continuous delivery of base fluid while additives are added and the cup is being filled;
b) constant shear rate within the shear-history tubing;
c) while fluid is being injected into the viscometer, the shear rate within the gap of the viscometer is a nominal
�1
100 s .
5.4 Conditions for standard shear-history simulation
The following conditions shall be fulfilled:
�1
a) for fluid temperatures less than or equal to 93 °C (200 °F), shear rate 675 s for 2,5 min;
�1
b) for fluid temperatures greater than 93 °C (200 °F), shear rate 1 350 s for 5 min.
5.5 Operational considerations
The following conditions shall be fulfilled:
a) the pulsation caused by certain types of positive displacement pumps shall be minimized;
b) the base fluid shall be prepared, characterized and reported as described in Clause 5;
c) it is critical that a representative sample of the test fluid be injected into the viscometer; therefore, initially
divert the fluid exiting the shear-history simulator away from the viscometer until stabilized flow and
composition are established;
d) unions, valves and similar fittings shall have internal diameters such that the shear rate of the fluid flowing
through them is essentially the same as within the tubing;
e) where the tubing is coiled, the diameter of the coil shall be larger than a critical value (see 8.5.2).
6 Instrument calibration
The instruments associated with these procedures shall be calibrated according to each manufacturer’s
recommended method.
7 Measurement procedures
7.1 General
The procedures given in 7.2 and 7.3 are organized according to the type of fluid on which the measurement is
carried out. Where data are reported as being obtained using a particular procedure, the procedure given shall
be followed exactly. The fluid shall not react with instrument surfaces to generate contaminants, change critical
measurement dimensions, or impair proper mechanical operation.
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
7.2 Non-crosslinked fluids (see 2.6)
7.2.1 General
For proper rheological characterization of this type of fluid, the fluid shall wet the walls of the measuring
chamber and remain within the annular gap.
7.2.2 Apparatus
For proper viscometric and rheological characterization, the apparatus used shall meet the following criteria:
a) the flow regime in the annular gap is laminar;
b) slippage of the fluid at the walls within the gap is negligible;
c) the fluid exhibits essentially time-independent behaviour during any given measurement.
2)
7.2.2.1 Non-pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometer , to measure viscous and rheological properties
at ambient pressure and at temperatures below the boiling point of the fluid.
Multiple-point measurements are required for the calculation of rheological parameters.
Any non-pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometer that is described by the following dimensions may be
used (see Figure 2).
a) Rotor, R1:
1) inside diameter equal to 36,83 mm (1,450 in);
2) should be concentric with the bob and extend the full length of the bob;
3) surfaces need to be smooth.
b) Bob, B1:
1) diameter equal to 34,49 mm (1,358 in);
2) cylinder length equal to 38 mm (1,496 in);
3) cylindrical body with a flat, closed bottom and a tapered top with a truncated cone angle of 60°;
4) surfaces need to be smooth.
c) Torsion spring:
1) the equipment is usually supplied with a #1 spring; however, for less viscous fluids, a #0.2 spring may
be appropriate.
2) Examples of non-pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometers are the Fann Model 35 viscometer equipped with rotor 1,
bob 1 (R1B1) and appropriate spring; Chandler Model 3500 equipped with rotor 1, bob 1 (R1B1) and appropriate spring;
OFI Model 800 equipped with rotor 1, bob 1 (R1B1) and appropriate spring; or viscometers with equivalent geometry. This
information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these
products.
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
Key
1 torsion spring
2 rotor R1
3 bob B1
4 sample cup
5 stage
Figure 2 — Geometry of a non-pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometer
7.2.2.1.1 Calibration
Calibration shall be carried out according to the manufacturer’s recommended procedure, or using a
standardized Newtonian calibration fluid traceable to an international/national standard such as ISO, ASTM,
DIN, or equivalent.
Calibration oil viscosity shall be selected to encompass the shear rate and shear stress envelopes to be
evaluated.
7.2.2.1.2 Operation
7.2.2.1.2.1 Preparation
Rotor and bob shall be properly aligned. All parts in contact with the fluid shall be at the same temperature as
the fluid. Use of the standard cup provided by the manufacturer is recommended. Other vessels may be used;
however, the vertical space between the bottom of the bob and bottom of the vessel shall be at least 13 mm
(0,50 in).
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
7.2.2.1.2.2 Procedure
The non-crosslinked fluid sample to be tested shall be representative of the fluid as a whole, and air entrainment
shall be minimal. After being placed in the viscometer, the fluid is stirred for 10 s to 15 s at the highest shear
rate for which a measurement is to be made. Viscosity measurements should be made from lowest to highest
shear rate. Record the average reading 20 s after the reading is stabilized at each shear rate.
7.2.2.1.3 Calculations
In order to convert a reading in revolutions per minute to the shear rate for the recommended R1B1 combination,
use the following formula:
�1
1 r/min � 1,704 s
2
For shear stress at the bob, use 511 Pa (0,010 66 lb/100 ft) per degree of deflection.
Viscometric calculations shall be performed according to the manufacturer’s specified procedure.
For rheological calculations, see Clause 8.
3)
7.2.2.2 Pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometer , to measure the viscous and rheological properties
of fluids at elevated temperatures.
Pressurization minimizes the effect of entrained air on measured parameters and allows measurements to be
made at temperatures above the atmospheric boiling point of the sample. Multiple-point measurements may
be suitable for determining the rheological parameters of fluids.
Any pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometer that is described by the following dimensions may be used
(see Figure 3).
a) Rotor, R1:
1) inside diameter equal to 36,828 mm (1,450 in);
2) should be concentric with the bob and extend the full length of the bob;
3) surfaces need to be smooth.
b) Bob, B5:
1) diameter equal to 31,934 mm (1,257 in);
2) cylinder length equal to 76,17 mm (2,999 in);
3) surfaces need to be smooth.
7.2.2.2.1 Calibration
Measure the temperature of the fluid being tested according to the manufacturer’s specified procedure, which
shall be traceable to a national/international standard such as ISO, ASTM, DIN, or equivalent.
Measure the rotor or sleeve speed according to the manufacturer’s specified tachometer calibration procedure,
which shall be traceable to a national/international standard such as ISO, ASTM, DIN, or equivalent.
3) Examples of pressurized concentric-cylinder viscometers are the Fann Model 50 viscometer equipped with rotor 1,
bob 5 (R1B5); Chandler Model 5550 viscometer with rotor 1, bob 5 (R1B5), or viscometers with equivalent geometry. This
information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these
products.
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SIST EN ISO 13503-1:2012
ISO 13503-1:2011(E)
Use one of the following calibration methods.
a) Preferred method:
Verify the system using a standardized Newtonian calibration fluid traceable to a national/international
standard such as ISO, ASTM, DIN, or equivalent. A calibration oil viscosity shall be selected to encompass
the shear rate/shear stress envelope to be evaluated. The calibration shall be conducted at ambient
pressure.
NOTE While the compressibility of aqueous fluids is not significantly affected by the pressure, some calibration
oils, in particular silicone oils, are affected by pressure.
b) Alternative torque-only calibration:
Measure according to the manufacturer’s specified calibration procedure (e.g. hanging weight), which shall
be traceable to a national/international standard such as ISO, ASTM, DIN, or equivalent.
7.2.2.2.2 Operation
7.2.2.2.2.1 Instrument preparation
Pre-heat the thermal bath (if so equipped) to test temperature. All temperatures in this part of ISO 13503 refer
to the actual temperature of the fluid.
7.2.2.2.2.2 Procedure
The following procedures shall be observed.
a) Loadi
...
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