oSIST prEN 12927:2013

Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes

This European Standard specifies the safety requirements applicable to:
- Selection criteria for ropes and their end fixings
- Safety factors (excluding brake ropes )
- Discard criteria
- Storage, handling, transportation and installation (including tensioning, connecting and/or splicing)
- Long splicing of 6 strand haulage, carrying-hauling and towing ropes
- End fixings
- Inspection, repair and maintenance
and the minimum requirements applicable to:
- MRT, visual and radiographic equipment and procedures for the examination of steel wire ropes.
This standard is not applicable to cableway installations for the transportation of goods nor to inclined lifts.
It includes requirements relating to the prevention of work accidents and to worker protection, without prejudice to the application of national regulations. National regulations in the construction sector, or provisions of a regulatory nature, or provisions which are intended for the protection of specific groups of people are not affected by this standard.
NOTE The Federal or State or Local regulations, in the Countries where that applies, are meant as National regulations in the purposes of this Standard.

Sicherheitsanforderungen an Seilbahnen für den Personenverkehr - Seile

Diese Europäische Norm legt die Werkstoffanforderungen und Prüfverfahren für Erzeugnisse aus Aluminium-Knetlegierungen und Aluminium-Gusslegierungen sowie Aluminiumlegierungen fest, die zur Fertigung von Druckgeräten nach den Bestimmungen der europäischen Druckgeräterichtlinie 97/23 EG angegeben sind.
Diese Europäische Norm umfasst:
-   die Erzeugnisformen, Sorten und Werkstoffzustände von Knet- und Gussaluminium sowie Aluminium-Knet- und -Gusslegierungen, die für diese Anwendung eingesetzt werden dürfen, zusammen mit Daten für Knet- und -Gusslegierungen über ihre zulässigen Arbeitstemperaturbereiche;
-   die zulässigen Legierungen/Werkstoffzustände, die in den Tabellen A.1 und B.1 für Knetlegierungen und in den Tabellen A.2 und B.2 für Gussstücke angegeben werden;
-   die Technischen Lieferbedingungen, die Grenzwerte der mechanischen Eigenschaften sowie die Grenzabmaße und Formtoleranzen mit Verweisung auf die zutreffenden Europäischen Normen für Knet- und Gussaluminium sowie Aluminium-Knet- und -Gusslegierungen; und
-   zusätzliche spezifische Anforderungen für die Anwendung in Druckgeräten.
Sie gilt für warmgewalzte Platten, kaltgewalzte Bleche/Bänder/Ronden, stranggepresste oder stranggepresste und gezogene Stangen und Rohre, für stranggepresste Voll- und Hohlprofile sowie für Schmiede- und Gussstücke.
In dieser Europäischen Norm werden lediglich die für Druckgräte vorgesehenen Werkstoffe aufgeführt, Herstellung oder Fertigungsverfahren für Druckgeräte werden nicht erfasst; Angaben dazu können in den zutreffenden Europäischen Normen gefunden werden, die unter den Literaturhinweisen aufgelistet sind.

Prescriptions de sécurité pour les installations à câbles destinées au transport des personnes - Câbles

La présente Norme européenne définit les exigences de sécurité applicables :
-   aux critères de sélection des câbles et de leurs attaches d’extrémité
-   aux coefficients de sécurité (à l'exclusion des câbles freins)
-   aux critères de dépose
-   au stockage, à la manutention, au transport et à l'installation (y compris la mise en tension, le raccordement et/ou l'épissurage) ;
-   à l'épissurage des câbles tracteurs, porteurs-tracteurs et de remorquage à 6 torons
-   aux attaches d’extrémité
-   au contrôle, à la réparation et à l'entretien
et les exigences minimales applicables :
-   aux dispositifs de contrôle magnétique de câble (MRT), visuels et radiographiques et aux modes opératoires pour l'examen des câbles en acier.
La présente norme ne s'applique ni aux installations de transport des marchandises par câble, ni aux ascenseurs inclinés.
Elle comporte des exigences concernant la prévention des accidents du travail et la protection des travailleurs, sans préjudice de l'application des réglementations nationales. La présente norme ne modifie pas les réglementations nationales du secteur de la construction, ni les dispositions de nature réglementaire, ni les dispositions visant à protéger des groupes particuliers d'individus.
NOTE   Dans les pays où elles s'appliquent, les réglementations fédérales, régionales ou locales sont considérées comme des réglementations nationales au regard de la présente norme.

Varnostne zahteve za žičniške naprave za prevoz oseb - Vrvi

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 30-Jun-2013
• ICS: 45.100 - Cableway equipment
• Technical Committee: DTN - Lift and transport appliances
• Current Stage: 98 - Abandoned project (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 17-May-2018
• Due Date: 22-May-2018
• Completion Date: 17-May-2018
• Directive: 2000/9/EC - Directive 2000/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 March 2000 relating to cableway installations designed to carry persons
• Ref Project: prEN 12927 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes

Relations

• Revised: SIST EN 12927-6:2005 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes - Part 6: Discard criteria
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Revised: SIST EN 12927-7:2005 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes - Part 7: Inspection, repair and maintenance
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Revised: SIST EN 12927-2:2005 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes - Part 2: Safety factors
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Revised: SIST EN 12927-8:2005 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes - Part 8: Magnetic rope testing (MRT)
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Revised: SIST EN 12927-1:2005 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes - Part 1: Selection criteria for ropes and their end fixings
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Revised: SIST EN 12927-3:2005 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes - Part 3: Long splicing of 6 strand hauling, carrying hauling and towing ropes
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Revised: SIST EN 12927-5:2005 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes - Part 5: Storage, transportation, installation and tensioning
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Revised: SIST EN 12927-4:2005 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes - Part 4: End fixings
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Revised: SIST EN 12927-1:2005 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes - Part 1: Selection criteria for ropes and their end fixings
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Revised: SIST EN 12927-6:2005 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes - Part 6: Discard criteria
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Revised: SIST EN 12927-2:2005 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes - Part 2: Safety factors
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Revised: SIST EN 12927-7:2005 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes - Part 7: Inspection, repair and maintenance
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Revised: SIST EN 12927-4:2005 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes - Part 4: End fixings
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Revised: SIST EN 12927-5:2005 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes - Part 5: Storage, transportation, installation and tensioning
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Revised: SIST EN 12927-8:2005 - Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes - Part 8: Magnetic rope testing (MRT)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013

Overview

The oSIST prEN 12927:2013 standard, developed by CEN, specifies comprehensive safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons, focusing specifically on the ropes used in these systems. This European Standard addresses the entire lifecycle and critical components of ropes, including their selection, installation, maintenance, and inspection, ensuring passenger safety and operational reliability. It explicitly excludes applications for goods transportation cableways and inclined lifts.

This standard plays a crucial role in defining the technical and safety criteria related to steel wire and fiber ropes, their end fixings, and the equipment used to assess their condition. By adhering to oSIST prEN 12927:2013, manufacturers, operators, and maintenance personnel can mitigate risks and enhance safety in passenger cableway installations.

Key Topics

• Rope Selection and End Fixings
  Detailed criteria for choosing appropriate ropes and suitable end fixings are given to ensure compatibility with operational demands and safety requirements.

• Safety Factors
  Establishment of minimum safety factors to be applied (excluding brake ropes), ensuring structural integrity under various operational conditions.

• Discard Criteria
  Clear guidelines define the levels of rope and end fixing deterioration beyond which the components must be retired from service to prevent accidents.

• Storage, Handling, Transportation, and Installation
  Best practices for preserving ropes’ mechanical properties during storage and transport are covered alongside standardized installation procedures including tensioning, connecting, and splicing.

• Long Splicing of 6-Strand Ropes
  Technical prescriptions for long splicing of hauling, carrying-hauling, and towing steel ropes ensure splices meet strength and durability requirements.

• Inspection, Maintenance, and Repair
  Regular inspection protocols, repair techniques, and maintenance schedules are outlined to maintain rope safety and functionality throughout their service life.

• Non-Destructive Testing (MRT and Radiography)
  Minimum requirements for Magnetic Rope Testing (MRT) and radiographic examination techniques are established to detect internal defects and ensure rope integrity.

Applications

oSIST prEN 12927:2013 is critical for:

• Cableway Manufacturers and Installers
  Ensures ropes and their end fittings meet stringent safety standards, facilitating reliable design and installation practices.

• Maintenance and Inspection Teams
  Provides standardized procedures and discard criteria to assess rope condition, plan timely maintenance, and execute repairs effectively.

• Safety Auditors and Regulators
  Offers benchmarks to evaluate compliance with essential safety requirements and supports conformity assessments under EU directives.

• Rope Suppliers and End Users
  Assists in delivering quality ropes and fittings suited for passenger cableway applications, fostering greater operational safety.

The standard facilitates the prevention of work accidents and enhances worker protection without conflicting with national regulations or specific sectoral mandates.

Related Standards

oSIST prEN 12927:2013 works in concert with other European standards to create a full framework of safety protocols for cableways:

• EN 12385 Series - Safety of steel wire ropes, including definitions, classifications, and application-specific ropes.
• EN 13411 Series - Wire rope terminations including splicing, ferrule securing, and socketing.
• EN 12929 - General requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons.
• EN 1908 & EN 1909 - Tensioning devices; recovery and evacuation procedures.
• EN 13796 Series - Carrier equipment safety such as grips, brakes, cabins, and carriages.
• EN ISO 9554 & EN ISO 10547 - Specifications for fiber ropes used within cableway systems.

Together, these standards provide a harmonized and robust safety ecosystem for designing, operating, and maintaining cableway systems intended for passenger transport.

---

By following the guidance of oSIST prEN 12927:2013, stakeholders in the cableway industry can ensure that ropes-the critical load-bearing elements-are safe, durable, and fit for purpose, thereby reducing risks and enhancing passenger safety on cableway installations.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2013
9DUQRVWQH]DKWHYH]DåLþQLãNHQDSUDYH]DSUHYR]RVHE9UYL
Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Ropes
Sicherheitsanforderungen an Seilbahnen für den Personenverkehr - Seile
Prescriptions de sécurité pour les installations à câbles destinées au transport des
personnes - Câbles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 12927
ICS:
45.100 2SUHPD]DåLþQLFH Cableway equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2013
ICS 45.100 Will supersede EN 12927-1:2004, EN 12927-2:2004, EN
12927-3:2004, EN 12927-4:2004, EN 12927-5:2004, EN
12927-6:2004, EN 12927-7:2004, EN 12927-8:2004
English Version
Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry
persons - Ropes
Prescriptions de sécurité pour les installations à câbles Sicherheitsanforderungen an Seilbahnen für den
destinées au transport des personnes - Câbles Personenverkehr - Seile
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 242.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 12927:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Requirements . 9
5 Symbols and abbreviations . 9
6 Safety principle. 10
6.1 General . 10
6.2 Hazard scenarios . 10
6.3 Safety measures . 12
6.3.1 Selection criteria for ropes and their end fixings. 12
6.3.2 Safety factors . 12
6.3.3 Discard Criteria. 12
6.3.4 Long splicing of 6 strand hauling, carrying hauling and towing ropes . 12
6.3.5 End fixings . 12
6.3.6 Inspection, repair and maintenance . 12
7 Safety requirements . 13
7.1 Selection criteria for ropes and their end fixing . 13
7.1.1 Steel ropes . 13
7.1.2 Fiber ropes. 15
7.1.3 Rope re-use . 16
7.1.4 End fixings . 16
7.2 Safety factors . 16
7.2.1 General . 16
7.2.2 Factors . 17
7.3 Discard criteria . 20
7.3.1 Main body of rope (and long splice) . 20
7.3.2 Tension ropes . 21
7.3.3 Local deterioration . 21
7.3.4 Rope at end fixing . 22
7.4 Storage,handling and transportation,installation ( including tensioning,connecting
and/or splicing). 23
7.4.1 Storage . 23
7.4.2 Handling and transportation . 23
7.4.3 Installation (including tensioning,connecting and/or splicing) . 24
7.4.4 Measurements,adjustments,tests and records . 25
7.5 Long splicing of 6 strand hauling, carrying hauling and towing steel ropes . 25
7.5.1 Splice geometry . 25
7.5.2 Splice dimensions . 26
7.5.3 Operational documentation . 26
7.6 End fixings . 26
7.6.1 End fixing design . 27
7.6.2 End fixing execution and conformity . 27
7.6.3 Filled sockets . 27
7.6.4 Clamp sockets . 29
7.6.5 Drum ( fixing drum and anchor drum) . 31
7.6.6 Bolted clamp . 32
7.6.7 Wedge socket . 33
7.6.8 Spliced eye . 33
7.6.9 Gripped eye . 33
7.6.10 Ferrule secured eye . 33
7.6.11 Lever winch . 33
7.7 Maintenance, inspection, and repair . 34
7.7.1 Maintenance . 40
7.7.2 Inspection . 41
7.7.3 Repair . 45
7.8 Magnetic rope testing. 46
7.8.1 Instrumentation Principles of operation of magnetic flux leakage instruments . 46
7.8.2 Personnel . 48
7.8.3 Magnetic Rope Testing Procedure . 49
7.8.4 Instrument verification . 51
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for executing Visual Inspection type "A" . 53
Annex B (informative) Magnetic Flux Density . 54
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2000/9/EC relating to Cableway Installations
designed to Carry Persons . 55

Foreword
This document (prEN 12927:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 242 “Safety
requirements for passenger transportation by rope”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 12927-1:2004, EN 12927-2:2004, EN 12927-3:2004,
EN 12927-4:2004, EN 12927-5:2004, EN 12927-6:2004, EN 12927-7:2004, EN 12927-8:2004.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the safety requirements applicable to:
 selection criteria for ropes and their end fixings,
 safety factors (excluding brake ropes and ropes for installations used for the transportation of
goods, nor to inclined lifts),
 discard criteria,
 storage, handling, transportation and installation (including tensioning, connecting and/or
splicing),
 long splicing of 6 strand hauling, carrying hauling and towing ropes,
 end fixings,
 inspection, repair and maintenance,
and the minimum requirements applicable to:
 MRT and radiographic equipments and procedures for the examination of steel wire ropes.
This standard is not applicable to installations for the transportation of goods nor to inclined lifts.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 444, Non-destructive testing - General principles for radiographic examination of metallic materials
by X- and gamma-rays
EN 1559-2, Founding - Technical conditions of delivery - Part 2: Additional requirements for steel
castings
EN 1709, Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons -
Precommissioning inspection, maintenance, operational inspection and checks
EN 1908, Safety requirements of cableway installations designed to carry persons - Tensioning
devices
EN 1909, Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons – Recovery and
evacuation
EN 10228-1, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 1: Magnetic particle inspection
EN 12385-2, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 2: Definitions, designation and classification
EN 12385-4, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting applications
EN 12385-8, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 8: Stranded hauling and carrying-hauling ropes for
cableway installations designed to carry persons
EN 12385-9, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 9: Locked coil carrying ropes for cableway installations
designed to carry persons
EN 12397, Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Operation
EN 12408, Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Quality
assurance
EN 12929-1, Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - General
requirements - Part 1: Requirements for all installations
EN 12929-2, Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - General
requirements - Part 2: Additional requirements for reversible bicable aerial ropeways without carrier
truck brakes
EN 12930, Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Calculations
EN 13107, Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Civil
engineering works
EN 13223, Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Drive systems
and other mechanical equipment
EN 13243, Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Electrical
equipment other than for drive systems
EN 13411-2, Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 2: Splicing of eyes for wire rope slings
EN 13411-3, Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 3: Ferrules and ferrule-securing
EN 13411-4, Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety – Part 4: Metal and resin socketing
EN 13411-5, Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 5: U-bolt wire rope grips
EN 13411-6, Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 6: Asymmetric wedge socket
EN 13411-7, Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 7: Symmetric wedge socket
EN 13796-1, Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Carriers - Part
1: Grips, carrier trucks, on-board brakes, cabins, chairs, carriages, maintenance carriers, tow-hangers
EN 13796-2, Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Carriers –
Part 2: Slipping resistance test for grips
EN 13796-3, Safety requirements for cableway installations designed to carry persons - Carriers - Part
3: Fatigue tests
EN ISO 9554, Fibre ropes - General specifications (ISO 9554)
EN ISO 9934-1, Non-destructive testing - Magnetic particle testing - Part 1: General principles
(ISO 9934-1)
EN ISO 10547, Polyester fibre ropes - Double braid construction (ISO 10547)
EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
(ISO/IEC 17025)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
additional tensioning device
additional device intended to hold the tension in a rope in case of failure of the main tensioning device
3.2
bending ratio (rope)
ratio between either:
the pitch diameter of the sheave (D) and the nominal rope diameter (d)
the pitch radius of the shoe, saddle or roller chain (R) and the nominal rope diameter (d)
3.3
bolted clamp
accessory end fixing consisting of two grooved plates bolted together between which the entire rope is
pressed and secured by means of bolts
3.4
clamp socket
type of end fixing incorporating a socket basket wherein the entire strands of the rope are separated
from each other and secured between the socket basket and a conical shaped wedge, usually
incorporating grooves to match them
3.5
discard criteria
level of deterioration at which the rope or the end fixing is declared unfit for further service
3.6
drum
end fixing consisting of a number of dead turns of rope permanently wound around a winch support,
the end of the rope being secured by means of a bolted clamp
3.7
dynamic bending
rope bending which varies significantly during operations
3.8
efficiency
ratio between the breaking force of the combination of rope and end fixing, and the minimum breaking
force of the rope. It determines the load bearing capacity of the combination in respect to those of the
wire rope
3.9
filled socket
socket end fixing where a into the brushed rope end is secured using molten metal a poured suitable
mean
3.10
indicators
devices inserted into the rope with the scope to identify and mark particular rope areas
3.11
installer
person or organisation responsible for the whole rope installation, the splicing and the end connecting,
the tensioning and the adjustment, or a part of it
3.12
lever winch
end fixing accessory comprising a mechanism actuated by a lever and acting on two sets of jaws
alternately gripping the rope and moving it longitudinally
3.13
local discontinuity
localised fault or defect such as a broken or damaged wire or a corrosion pit on a wire
3.14
loss of metallic area
reduction in area expressed as a percentage of the nominal metallic cross-sectional area of the new
rope, taking into account the effects of broken wires and the effect of corrosion and wear
3.15
lubrification agent
any product applied to the rope in service in order to protect it against internal wear, corrosion or both
3.16
magnetic rope testing
method of testing based on the detection of the magnetic flux leakage of a magnetized rope
3.17
main body of the rope
all the length of rope excluding any sections in end fixing or long splice
3.18
nominal diameter (d)
dimension by which the rope is designed
3.19
optical rope inspection devices
instrumentation designed to acquire and record images of ropes surface.
3.20
radiographic examination
method of testing based on the impress of a film by X or gamma rays passing trough a wire rope
3.21
reference bendings
total number of bends over sheaves in one complete revolution (unidirectional ropeways) ore one
complete ride forward and backward ( reversible ropeways)
3.22
reference length
the length of rope over which the value of a specified characteristic is measured or assessed e.g. 6xd
(6 x nominal diameter of the rope)
3.23
rope signature
the signals on the test recording display as the rope travels through the test head on the first occasion
that it is tested. The signature is taken as the datum upon which in-service deterioration effects are
referred. The signature reflects the construction of the rope and changes in magnetic characteristics of
the rope among its length, e.g. magnetic permeability differences
3.24
single function instrument
instrument which detects either local discontinuities
3.25
slipping force
maximum longitudinal tension force, which can be applied at a clamped to a rope held by friction
before its initial slippage
3.26
socket basket
part of the socket containing the metal or resin cone
3.27
static bending
rope bending which does not vary significantly during operations
3.28
tensile safety factor
ratio between the Minimum Breaking Force of the rope and the calculated tension force in the rope
(see EN 12930)
3.29
test head
device on that part of the test instrument positioned around the rope during testing which generates
the magnetising field and contains the detecting or sensing elements
3.30
transverse force factor
ratio between the tension force in the rope and the force normal to the rope axis
3.31
visual inspection
method of inspection based on the visual detection of wire rope damages
3.32
wire break indication
indication from the local discontinuity (LD) channel of the test instrument specifically identified as an
internal or external wire break type
4 Requirements
The requirements of this document apply to all installations along with those of EN 1709, EN 1908, EN
1909, EN 12397, EN 12408, EN 12929-1, EN 12929-2, EN 12930, EN 13107, EN 13223, EN 13243,
EN 13796-1, EN 13796-2 and EN 13796-3.
5 Symbols and abbreviations
sf  slipping force
D/d  the pitch diameter of the sheave (D) and the nominal rope diameter (d)
R/d  the pitch radius of the shoe, saddle or roller chain (R) and the nominal rope diameter (d)
LD  local discontinuity
MRT magnetic rope testing
RT  radiographic examination
VI  visual inspection
OID  optical rope inspection devices
6 Safety principle
6.1 General
The safety principles set out in EN 12929-1 apply.
If ropes of different productions are required to be spliced together, they shall have the same basic
design
characteristics in terms of nominal rope diameter, strand construction, minimum breaking force,
direction and type of lay, wire grades, measured rope diameter and measured lay length.
Rope repairs using ropes or strands of different production batches are allowed.
Irrespective of whether the rope is inspected by MRT or visual means, the same wire broken in several
places over the stated reference length shall be regarded as a single broken wire.
Loose wires and wires repaired by welding, brazing or gluing shall be regarded as broken wires.
Ropes shall be discarded if their condition cannot, or can no longer, be assessed with the current
methods of inspection.
6.2 Hazard scenarios
The following events may lead to hazardous situations which may be avoided or limited by the
requirements of this document.
Selection criteria for ropes and their end fixing:
a) The breakage of a rope or the failure of an end fixing may lead to the following hazardous
situations:
1) Falling down of rope with the risk of carrier crash and the risk of impact to persons;
2) Release of the elastic potential energy of a tensioned / extended rope;
b) Deterioration/damages of the structure of the rope can lead to the following hazardous situations:
1) Derailment of rope (deropement);
2) Derailment of carrier truck.
c) The rotation of the rope around its axis in the low rope tow systems can create dangerous
situation to the user.
d) Vibrations may lead to premature failures of the installation components.
Safety factors:
e) Excessive working stress in the steel wires may lead to premature fatigue breaks and rope-failure
within the stated inspection intervals.
Discard criteria:
f) excessive decrease of the metallic cross sectional area may lead to the breakage of the rope;
g) fatigue breaks, loose wires, corrosion and wear may lead to a failure of end fixing and of ropes;
h) deterioration/damaging of the structure of the rope can lead to deropement or to insufficient
i) attachment of the grip:
1) Storage, handling, transportation and installation (including tensioning, connecting and/or
splicing)
j) elevated temperature and inefficient rope protection during storage may lead to corrosion which
may
k) lead to rope failure within an inspection period;
l) failure of properly supporting the reels may allow it to roll out;
m) failure of the rope connection with an auxiliary rope or with the brake controlled reel may lead to
loss of control of the rope uncoiling process.
Long splicing of 6 strand hauling, carrying hauling and towing ropes:
n) slipping apart of the two rope ends connected by a long splice may lead to a failure of the long
splice;
o) variations of the diameter in the splice area may lead to slippage or malfunction of the grips;
p) reduction of the diameter in the splice area may lead to an increase of stresses in the rope.
End fixings:
q) failure of the end fixing may lead to the release of the rope end from the end fixing or from the
installation anchor point;
r) slipping of the rope end in the end fixing may lead to hazardous disturbances in the function with
other components
s) the risk of lack of brush cleaning, due to environmental operating conditions during socketing,
may reduce the safety level of the end fixing
Inspection, repair and maintenance:
t) rope dirt surface may lead to a malfunction of components (carrying rope brakes, detachable grips
etc.) interacting to the rope.
Magnetic rope testing:
u) poor MRT instrument design can impair the execution of the inspections;
v) poor MRT instrument sensitivity prevents proper damage evaluation
w) not detectable malfunction of the MRT instrument during the inspection prevents proper damage
evaluation;
x) inability of personnel to properly carry out the inspection prevents proper damage evaluation;
y) absence of, or inaccuracy in, the inspection report.
6.3 Safety measures
6.3.1 Selection criteria for ropes and their end fixings
To select ropes and end fixings in accordance with this standard.
6.3.2 Safety factors
The risk of a rope failure within stated inspection intervals shall be limited by:
a) incorporating a tensile safety factor in accordance with this standard into the rope design
calculation according to EN 12930;
b) incorporating a bending ratio in accordance with this standard into the design of sheaves, drums,
saddles or any support of ropes where the curvature of the rope is determined only by the
curvature of the support; and by
c) avoiding a bending stress in the steel wires exerted by transverse forces exceeding the allowable
bending stress limited by the bending ratio given in this standard.
6.3.3 Discard Criteria
a) The decrease of the metallic cross sectional area shall be limited by repair according to this
standard or by discarding the rope according to this standard;
b) the risk of a failure of end fixing and of ropes may be reduced by discarding by timeout (hours or
years) according to this standard;
c) deterioration/damaging of the structure of the rope shall be limited by repair according to this
standard or by discarding the rope according to this standard;
d) the risk of slipping apart spliced rope ends may be reduced by repair according to this standard
or by discarding the long splice according to this standard.
6.3.4 Long splicing of 6 strand hauling, carrying hauling and towing ropes
The risk of slipping apart of the spliced rope ends may be reduced by a correct correlation of
geometrical characteristics of the two ropes connected by the splice, by selecting the splice geometry
in accordance with this standard and by selecting the correct auxiliary (wrapping) material.
The risk of an insufficient grip attachment may be reduced by applying the diameters overall to the
splice in accordance with this standard.
6.3.5 End fixings
The risk of release of the rope end may be reduced by design, executing and discarding the end fixing
in accordance with this standard;
The risk of hazardous disturbances in the function with other components may be reduced by
performing and inspecting the end fixing in accordance with this standard.
6.3.6 Inspection, repair and maintenance
a) the risk of malfunction of components may be reduced by cleaning the rope surface;
b) the risk of corrosion and excessive internal friction may be reduced by lubrification the rope in
accordance with this standard;
c) the risk of stress concentration shall be limited by discarding the rope or by relocation in
accordance with this standard;
d) the effect of the working stress on the steel wires shall be controlled by assessing the current
condition of rope and end fixing by inspections at intervals in accordance with this standard.
7 Safety requirements
7.1 Selection criteria for ropes and their end fixing
7.1.1 Steel ropes
The type of ropes shall be selected in accordance with Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1 — Ropes selection criteria- Aerial ropeway
Type of cableway for Aerial ropeway
passenger transport
Monocable or double Bicable
bl ( bl
Ordinary designation of Chairlift, bucketlift or Reversible aerial
Cabin
cableway cabin ropeway
Carrying rope Full locked coil rope
Single layer stranded
rope
Carrying-hauling rope
(fibre or solid polymer
core)
Single layer stranded rope (fibre, solid
Spliced
polymer core or steel rope)
Haulage
rope
Single layer
End fixed
stranded rope
Tension rope (incl. dual Full locked coil rope or single layer stranded rope (fibre, solid polymer
ropes) or steel core) or rotation resistant rope
Winch Single layer stranded rope or rotation resistant rope
Recovery
rope
Rope loop Single layer stranded rope (fibre or solid polymer core)
Evacuation rope Stranded rope or fibre rope or rotation resistant rope
Spiral strand or full locked coil or single layer stranded rope (fibre,
Guy rope
solid polymer or steel core)
Performed spiral strand, locked coil or single layer stranded rope or
Signal cable
rotation resistant rope
Single layer
Brake rope
stranded rope (fibre
core)
Table 2 — Ropes selection criteria - Surface system
Surface system
Type of cableway for
Track system Surface lift
passenger transport
a
Ordinary designation of cableway Rope tow Ski tow Ski tow
Funicular railway
(with (with
spring rods)
boxes)
Spliced Single layer stranded rope
Haulage rope
End fixed Single layer stranded rope
or rotation resistant rope
Towing rope Single layer Single layer
stranded rope stranded rope
(fibre or solid (fibre or solid
polymer core) polymer core)
or fibre rope
Tension rope ( incl.dual ropes) Full locked coil rope or single layer stranded rope ( fibre, solid
polymer or steel core) or rotation resistant rope
Recovery/evacuation End fixed Single layer stranded rope
rope or rotation resistant rope
Spliced Single layer stranded rope
Guy rope Spiral strand or full locked coil rope or single layer stranded rope
(fibre, solid polymer or steel core)
Signal cable Preformed spiral strand or locked coil or single layer stranded
rope or rotation resistant rope
Towing cord  Single layer stranded rope (fibre
core) or fibre rope
a Including low-gradient funicular railway

Their Fmin shall be selected considering the efficiency of the adopted end fixing as stated in the
applicable
standard.
"Hercules" ropes shall only be selected to replace "Hercules" ropes on existing installations.
Locked coil ropes shall be in accordance with EN 12385-9.
EN 12385-9 can be used for all applications for locked coil ropes according to Table 1.
Stranded ropes shall be in accordance with EN 12385-8.
Stranded tension ropes and ski-tow ropes shall be in accordance with EN 12385-4.
NOTE: For ski-tow ropes it is recommended to adopt the lubrication requirements of EN 12385-8.
Hauling ropes for funicular railways, which do not require splicing, can include parallel laid steel core.
In this case the breaking force of the rope shall include also the steel core.
Rotation resistant and low rotation ropes can be specified by the manufacturer according to EN 12385-
2.
7.1.2 Fiber ropes
They shall be made of polyamide or polyester.
Higher strength materials can also be use, in this case, the resistance against wear and UV radiation
shall be considered.
7.1.2.1 Fibre rope for towing
The allowed rope structures are:
 Stranded ropes made with 3 or more strands according to EN ISO 9554
 Jacketed ropes according to EN ISO 9554
 Double braided ropes according to EN ISO 10547
Single braided ropes must not be used.

Figure 1 — Fiber ropes
The minimum nominal diameter when directly grabbed with hands is 16 mm.
Smaller diameters can be used only connection with grips.
The rope continuous loop can be performed either by splicing or clamping as instructed by the fibre
ropes manufacturer.
The loop must be capable to bear the maximum calculated load of the installation considering the
safety factors given in 6.2.
7.1.2.2 Fibre cord for hangers
The rope shall be jacketed according to EN ISO 9554.
7.1.3 Rope re-use
A used old rope may be used for a new application only if the following requirements are respected:
 The used rope shall be associated by the original Certificate of Conformance stating the Fmin and
other relevant characteristics.
 The ropes shall be used for applications compatible with their original destination as determined
by a competent person.
 Used wire ropes shall be visually and MRT tested in the whole length before operations.
 Based on these results and on the rope history, a competent person shall define the inspection
types and intervals to be adopted on the new installation.
 After installation the rope shall withstand all inspection required in table 9, 10, 11, 12 and any
requirements issued by the competent person.
7.1.4 End fixings
End fixings shall be selected in accordance with Table 3.
Table 3 — End fixing selection criteria
End fixings types
Ferrule
Applications
Filled Clamp Bolted Wedge Spliced Gripped Lever
Drum secured
socket socket clamp socket eye eye Winch
eye
Carrying yes yes
Hauling yes yes yes yes
Tension yes yes yes  yes
Guy
Signal
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Recovery
Evacuation
7.2 Safety factors
7.2.1 General
The general requirements shall conform to EN 12929-1. The additional requirements for calculation
shall conform to EN 12930.
7.2.2 Factors
7.2.2.1 Tensile safety factors
7.2.2.1.1 Carrying ropes
The tensile force shall be calculated in accordance with EN 12930 for the following three conditions
and the tensile safety factor shall be at least:
The tensile force shall be calculated in accordance with EN 12930 for the following three conditions
and the tensile safety factor shall be at least:
Working condition without carrier track brake in action 3,15
Working condition with carrier track brake in action 2,70
Out of operation with consideration of climatic conditions in accordance with EN 12930 2,25
7.2.2.1.2 Haul ropes
The tensile force shall be calculated in accordance with EN 12930.
The tensile safety factor shall be at least the following:
Funicular 4,2
Jig-back without carrier track bake 4,50
Jig-back with carrier track brake 3,80
Bicable unidirectional aerial ropeway 4,00
The maximum tensile safety factor for long splice 20
7.2.2.1.3 Carrying-hauling ropes
The tensile force shall be calculated in accordance with EN 12930 and the tensile safety factor shall 4,00
be at least
The maximum tensile safety factor for long splices 20
7.2.2.1.4 Towing ropes
The tensile force shall be calculated in accordance with EN 12930 and the tensile safety factor shall 4,00
be at least
The maximum tensile safety factor for long splices 20
7.2.2.1.5 Tension ropes
The tensile force shall be calculated in accordance with EN 1908 and the tensile safety factor shall 5,00
be at least
In the case of two or more parallel tension ropes without tension equalization the tensile safety 6,00
factor shall be for all ropes together
7.2.2.1.6 Recovery and evacuation ropes
The tensile force shall be calculated in accordance with EN 12930 and the tensile safety factor shall
be at least the following:
during operation of recovery and evacuation system 3,00
out of operation of recovery and evacuation system 2,75
(waiting position)
Ropes in a close loop
The maximum tensile safety factor for long splices
Ropes on winches 5,00
The maximum tensile safety factor for long splices 20
7.2.2.1.7 Signal ropes and guy ropes
The tensile force shall be calculated in accordance with EN 12930 and the tensile safety factor shall
be at least the following:
without consideration of ice-condition 3,00

During operation
2,5
with consideration of ice-condition
Out of operation with consideration of climatic conditions in accordance with EN 12930 2,0
7.2.2.2 Bending safety factors
The minimum bending ratios D/d and R/d are given in Tables 4 and 5.
Table 4 — Minimum D/d- ratio
Bending ratio
Stranded rope Full-locked Open spiral
Rope Type of support
coil rope strand
Bending with movement 300
during operation
Carrying rope
Bending without movement 65
during operation
Bending with movement 80
during operation
Haul rope
winch drum 80
fixing drum 22
Bending with movement 80
Carrying/hauling
during operation
rope
Bending with movement
during operation
Towing rope Bending without movement 40
during operation
Bending with movement
during operation
Tension rope Bending without movement 20
during operation
Ski-tows 30
Rope loop 60
Recovery and
evacuation rope
Winch and related sheaves 30
== 20 65 40
Guy ropes and
signal rope
Table 5 — Minimum R/D ratio
Rope function Type of support Bending ratio
a
roller chain
Carrying rope
b
shoe/saddle
Tension rope for carrying rope shoe
a without any relative movement between rope and support
b with relative movement between rope and support , i.e. with fixed support

7.2.2.3 Transverse force factors
7.2.2.3.1 Transverse roller-force factors
The transverse roller-force exerted by a single roller of the carriage or of a support – i.e. a battery –
shall be calculated with a factor not less than the factor given below.

Roller or wheel with soft lining - modulus of elasticity equal or smaller
Carrying rope than 5000 N/mm2 60

Roller or wheel with hard lining – modulus of elasticity higher than 5000 80
N/ mm2
Haul rope and hauling/carrying rope 15

NOTE By the calculation of the transverse roller-force with the given factors it is assumed that the rope bending
complies with the requirements given in Tables 4 and 5.
7.2.2.3.2 Single transverse force factors
The maximum transverse force resulting from the carriage shall be calculated with a factor not less
than the factor given below.
Carrying rope with counter- weights or hydraulic devices 10
Carrying rope with fixed ends 8
Vehicle with carriage grips or with double grips spaced
less than 2 lay-lengths apart
Haul rope and hauling/carrying rope
Vehicle with double grips with a distance between the
grips of at least 2 lay-lengths
7.3 Discard criteria
7.3.1 Main body of rope (and long splice)
7.3.1.1 Ropes examined by Magnetic Rope Testing (MRT)
The discard criteria shall be based on the estimation of the loss in metallic area due to broken wires,
wear and corrosion and shall be in accordance with the values given in Table 6.
Table 6 — Maximum permissible loss in metallic area
Maximum permissible
Class of rope Reference length
loss of metallic area
10 % 200 × d
Locked coil ropes 8 % 30 × d
5 % 6 × d
40 % 500 × d
Stranded ropes 10% 30 × d
6 % 6 × d
NOTE: It is not allowed for any kind of damage to ignore one of the above reference lengths.

The loss of metallic area shall be calculated over the stated reference length and their respective
metallic area. Steel cores shall be taken in account with regard to the safety factor calculation of the
examined rope. If there is any doubt about the size of a broken wire indicated by Magnetic Rope
Testing calculating the loss of metallic area, it shall be assumed to be with a larger cross section in the
rope.
7.3.1.2 Ropes examined by visual inspection (VI)
For any visual inspection, the following shall apply
a) Steel wire rope
If there is no critical external deterioration, wear, corrosion and any other abnormality evident in the
rope, the discard criteria shall be based on the number of outer wire breaks and shall have the
maximum percentage described below of permissible loss of metallic area given in Table 6 for the
reference length of 6 or 30 x d.
Regular laid stranded 67%
ropes
Lang's laid stranded ropes 50%
Locked coil ropes 50 %
If there is any critical external deterioration, the operation and maintenance manager shall ask a
competent person for assistance. The competent person shall decide and document whether or not
the values in Table 6 need to be reduced due to the deteriorating factors such as corrosion, wear
and/or other abnormalities.
If these limits are exceeded either a repair shall be carried out immediately or a Magnetic Rope
Testing shall be brought forward to assist in making the definitive assessment of the rope condition or
the rope shall be discarded.
b) Fibre ropes
For fibre towing ropes and fibre towing cords, any visible indication of any damage or deterioration
such as change in diameter, shape or arrangement which renders it unfit for further safe use shall be
regarded as discard criteria.
7.3.2 Tension ropes
Tension ropes with a steel core (
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